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English-language studies of adults with critically illness with a primary neurological diagnosis were included if they reported on mental health outcomes [specifically, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), or general mental health]. Data extraction was performed, in duplicate, for prespecified variables related to study outcomes. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled prevalence and symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of more than 33,000 abstracts screened, 24 publications reported on mental health outcomes: 19 reported on depression outcomes, 11 on anxiety, 7 on PTS, and 8 on general mental health. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] time to first depression, anxiety, and\/or PTS assessment was 3 (1.75, 12), 4.5 (1.1, 7.5), and 3 (0, 3) months, respectively. The most common assessment tools were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Depression Subscale (HADS-D;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety Subscale HADS-A (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5)\/Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Civilian Version (PCL-C) for PTS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094). General mental health outcomes were studied using seven unique tools at a median (IQR) follow-up time of 3 (0.5, 6) months. Pooled depression prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 24% (20\u201329%) among publications using HADS-D and 26% (16\u201338%) in publications using any assessment tool. Pooled anxiety prevalence was 37% (21\u201356%) using HADS-A and was 32% (18\u201351%) using any assessment tool. PTS prevalence was 14% (8\u201321%). Heterogeneity of assessment tools precluded a pooled analysis of general mental health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the burden of mental health symptoms following neurocritical care illness, with prevalences higher than the general population. These findings were impacted by substantial between-study heterogeneity\u2014particularly in assessment tools and timing of evaluations\u2014limiting precise prevalence estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-026-02576-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:53:38Z","timestamp":1783349618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health Outcomes After Neurocritical Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7498-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie Nicole","family":"LaBuzetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry G.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onyekachi","family":"Ezeokeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanil","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor D.","family":"Dinglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale M.","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biren B.","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000327580.91345.78","volume":"63","author":"AJ Noble","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noble AJ, Baisch S, Mendelow AD, Allen L, Kane P, Schenk T. 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