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The study received no specific funding from any agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"This was a retrospective analysis of de-identified data from two publicly available critical care databases: MIMIC-IV (version 3.1) and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (version 2.0), each accessed under a credentialed PhysioNet data use agreement. The original collection of MIMIC-IV was approved by the institutional review boards of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, which granted a waiver of informed consent; the eICU Collaborative Research Database was likewise approved with a waiver of informed consent for the use of de-identified data. 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