{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:39:00Z","timestamp":1781642340195,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastrointest Canc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T11:01:36Z","timestamp":1709550096000},"page":"913-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus-Related One-Year Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Directly Acting Antivirals: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0957-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Kamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Metawea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ghallab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6834-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hend","family":"Naguib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","volume":"77","author":"H Rumgay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022;77:1598\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","volume":"380","author":"A Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1450\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1713263.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1035_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s43046-020-0016-x","volume":"32","author":"WM Rashed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rashed WM, Kandeil MAM, Mahmoud MO, Ezzat S. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt: a comprehensive overview. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2020;32:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43046-020-0016-x.","journal-title":"J Egypt Natl Canc Inst"},{"key":"1035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018","volume":"76","author":"M Reig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76:681\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9954","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09954","volume":"5","author":"CS Hsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hsu CS, Chao YC, Lin HH, Chen DS, Kao JH. Systematic review: impact of interferon-based therapy on HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep09954.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1035_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160819698","volume":"16","author":"R D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio R, Della Corte C, Colombo M. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with a sustained response to anti-hepatitis C therapy. Intern J Mol Sci. 2015;16:19698\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160819698.","journal-title":"Intern J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.029","volume":"70","author":"M Nishibatake Kinoshita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nishibatake Kinoshita M, Minami T, Tateishi R, et al. Impact of direct-acting antivirals on early recurrence of HCV-related HCC: comparison with interferon-based therapy. J Hepatol. 2019;70:78\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.029.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2019.1956","volume":"12","author":"K Imai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imai K, Takai K, Hanai T, Suetsugu A, Shiraki M, Shimizu M. Sustained virological response by direct-acting antivirals reduces the recurrence risk of hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment. Mol Clin Oncol. 2020;12:111\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mco.2019.1956.","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13321","volume":"37","author":"M Reig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reig M, Boix L, Bruix J. The impact of direct antiviral agents on the development and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Intern. 2017;37:136\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13321.","journal-title":"Liver Intern"},{"key":"1035_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323663","volume":"71","author":"V Sapena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sapena V, Enea M, Torres F, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after direct-acting antiviral therapy: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Gut. 2022;71:593\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323663.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1035_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1160","volume":"71","author":"E Ogawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogawa E, Toyoda H, Iio E, et al. Hepatitis C virus cure rates are reduced in patients with active but not inactive hepatocellular carcinoma: a practice implication. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:2840\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz1160.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27304","volume":"61","author":"DG Mitchell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitchell DG, Bruix J, Sherman M, et al. LI-RADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System): summary, discussion, and consensus of the LI-RADS management working group and future directions. Hepatology. 2015;61:1056\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27304.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.005","volume":"70","author":"Z Mari\u00f1o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mari\u00f1o Z, Darnell A, Lens S, et al. Time association between hepatitis C therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma emergence in cirrhosis: relevance of non-characterized nodules. J Hepatol. 2019;70:874\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.005.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2019.01.34","volume":"10","author":"A Kamal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamal A, Elmoety AA, Rostom YA, Shater MS, Lashen SA. Percutaneous radiofrequency versus microwave ablation for management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019;10:562\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jgo.2019.01.34.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"1035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247132","volume":"30","author":"R Lencioni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2010;30:52\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1247132.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"1035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i6.1764","volume":"10","author":"A Kamal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamal A, Elsheaita A, Abdelnabi M. Association between direct-acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus treatment and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and recurrence: the endless debate. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10:1764\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i6.1764.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"1035_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2021.104397","volume":"7","author":"A Kamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamal A, Abd Elmoety A, Abdelmeguid Rostom Y, Said Shater M, Aldesoky Lashen S. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after directly acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C: a 2-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2021;7:66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ceh.2021.104397.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.045","volume":"65","author":"ANRS collaborative study group on hepatocellular carcinoma","year":"2016","unstructured":"ANRS collaborative study group on hepatocellular carcinoma. Lack of evidence of an effect of direct-acting antivirals on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: data from three ANRS cohorts. J Hepatol. 2016;65:734\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.045.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619841254","volume":"7","author":"CM Preda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Preda CM, Baicus C, Sandra I, et al. Recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with treated hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus associated cirrhosis after ombitasvir\/paritaprevir\/ ritonavir+dasabuvir+ribavirin therapy. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019;7:699\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640619841254.","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"1035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12854","volume":"25","author":"M El Kassas","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Kassas M, Funk A, Salaheldin M, et al. Increased recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma after DAA therapy in a hepatitis C-infected Egyptian cohort: a comparative analysis. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25:623\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.12854.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"1035_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179096","volume":"12","author":"PS Chu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chu PS, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, et al. On-treatment decrease of NKG2D correlates to early emergence of clinically evident hepatocellular carcinoma after interferon-free therapy for chronic hepatitis C. PLoS ONE. 2017;12: e0179096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0179096.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1035_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.10.035","volume":"154","author":"JD Debes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Debes JD, Van Tilborg M, Groothuismink ZMA, et al. Levels of cytokines in serum associate with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV infection treated with direct-acting antivirals. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:515\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.10.035.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1035_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167934","volume":"11","author":"R Villani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villani R, Facciorusso A, Bellanti F, et al. DAAs rapidly reduce inflammation but increase serum VEGF level: a rationale for tumor risk during anti-HCV treatment. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0167934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167934.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1035_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29911","volume":"68","author":"F Faillaci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faillaci F, Marzi L, Critelli R, et al. Liver angiopoietin-2 is a key predictor of de novo or recurrent hepatocellular cancer after hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology. 2018;68:1010\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.29911.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.046","volume":"4","author":"M Reig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reig M, Cabibbo G. Antiviral therapy in the palliative setting of HCC (BCLC-B and-C). J Hepatol. 2021;4:1225\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.046.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rutledge SM, Zheng H, Li DK, Chung RT. No evidence for higher rates of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment: a meta-analysis.\u00a0Hepatoma Res. 2019;5:31\u201342.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/2394-5079.2019.19.","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2019.19"},{"key":"1035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2018.0306","volume":"31","author":"M Tampaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tampaki M, Savvanis S, Koskinas J. Impact of direct-acting antiviral agents on the development of Hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence and pathophysiological issues. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018;31:670\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20524\/aog.2018.0306.","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1035_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25352","volume":"91","author":"Y Nagaoki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagaoki Y, Imamura M, Nishida Y, et al. The impact of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals on clinical outcome after curative treatment for hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with interferon-based therapy. J Med Virol. 2019;91:650\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25352.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.027","volume":"71","author":"G Cabibbo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cabibbo G, Celsa C, Calvaruso V, et al. Direct-acting antivirals after successful treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma improve survival in HCV-cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2019;71:265\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.027.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2022.244534","volume":"88","author":"S El-Ghoneimy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Ghoneimy S, Hassan R, Abd Elbaser E, Dief E. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis (C) virus related cirrhosis treated with direct acting antiviral therapy. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2022;88:3038\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejhm.2022.244534.","journal-title":"Egypt J Hosp Med"},{"key":"1035_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu EM, Wong LL, Hernandez BY, et al. Gender differences in hepatocellular cancer: disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/steatohepatitis and liver transplantation.\u00a0Hepatoma Res. 2018;4:66\u201376.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/2394-5079.2018.87.","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2018.87"},{"key":"1035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01153.x","volume":"94","author":"AE Reid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reid AE, Koziel MJ, Aiza I, et al. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viremia and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:1619\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01153.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1035_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200405000-00004","volume":"16","author":"M Akamatsu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akamatsu M, Yoshida H, Shiina S, et al. Neither hepatitis C virus genotype nor virus load affects survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;16:459\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00042737-200405000-00004.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1035_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.008","volume":"155","author":"V Calvaruso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calvaruso V, Cabibbo G, Cacciola I, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Gastroenterology. 2018;155:411\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.008.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gii.2014.04.002","volume":"3","author":"K Yamakado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamakado K, Takaki H, Nakatsuka A, et al. Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Gastrointest Interv. 2014;3:35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gii.2014.04.002.","journal-title":"Int J Gastrointest Interv"},{"key":"1035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.3.r00mr02761","volume":"214","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Goldberg SN, Lazzaroni S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: radio-frequency ablation of medium and large lesions. Radiology. 2000;214:761\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.214.3.r00mr02761.","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T01:09:58Z","timestamp":1718845798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12029-024-01035-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-6628","1941-6636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-6628","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-6636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, revised in 2013, and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University (IRB No. 00012098).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All patients signed written informed consent prior to the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}