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Ectopic expression of \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG) has been described in various epithelial cancers and is associated with aggressive behavior. We report the first known case of gallbladder SCC with diffuse \u03b2-hCG expression and markedly elevated serum \u03b2-hCG levels, aiming to explore its clinicopathological implications and potential as a prognostic biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We present the clinical, radiologic, surgical, and pathological findings of a patient with a large gallbladder mass. A literature review was conducted to contextualize our findings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The patient underwent open cholecystectomy with hepatic segment IVb\/V resection. Final pathology revealed poorly differentiated SCC with acantholytic features and diffuse \u03b2-hCG immunoreactivity. Two metastatic lymph nodes were identified in the low hepatoduodenal nodal basin. Postoperative serum \u03b2-hCG was significantly elevated. Despite surgical resection, the patient experienced rapid disease recurrence and progression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This case represents the first documented instance of \u03b2-hCG-expressing gallbladder SCC. Diffuse \u03b2-hCG expression may reflect a dedifferentiated and aggressive tumor phenotype associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognostic and biological significance of \u03b2-hCG in gallbladder SCC and its potential role as a biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01308-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T22:19:50Z","timestamp":1757369990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gallbladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Diffuse \u03b2-hCG Expression: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7121-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengliang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7430-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin E.","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1726-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Hemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. 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