{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:47:44Z","timestamp":1788266864708,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastrointest Canc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:59:15Z","timestamp":1779796755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Colorectal Cancer Screening in Malaysia: Understanding the iFOBT-to-Colonoscopy Gap"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chee Tao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0676-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin Jie","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9316-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii Chii","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3497-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feisul Idzwan","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1501_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms-09-2024-726","volume":"32","author":"MI Abdul Jalal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdul Jalal MI, Mohd Azhar AT, Kamaruddin MA, Alias MR, Abd Jalal N, Ismail N, et al. Colorectal Cancer Screening using Immunochemical Faecal Occult Blood Testing (iFOBT) in Urban-Poor Communities in Cheras, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Malays J Med Sci. 2025;32:154\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21315\/mjms-09-2024-726.","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"1501_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16882","volume":"40","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia R, Si W, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhuang G. Cost Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies in Middle- and High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40:584\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16882.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1501_CR3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malaysia. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Colorectal Carcinoma. Putrajaya: Malaysia Health Technology Assessment Section (MaHTAS), Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2017. https:\/\/mymahtas2.moh.gov.my\/files\/CPG%20Management%20of%20Colorectal%20%20Carcinoma.pdf."},{"key":"1501_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101829","volume":"69","author":"NSI Tamin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tamin NSI, Razalli KA, Sallahuddin SN, Chan H-K, Hassan MRA. A 5-year evaluation of using stool-based test for opportunistic colorectal cancer screening in primary health institutions across Malaysia. Cancer Epidemiol. 2020;69:101829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101829.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"1501_CR5","volume-title":"Program Saringan Kanser Kolorektal Di Fasiliti Kesihatan KKM 2019\u20132024. Mesyuarat Teknikal NCD Peringkat Kebangsaan 2025","author":"Ministry of Health Malaysia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malaysia. Program Saringan Kanser Kolorektal Di Fasiliti Kesihatan KKM 2019\u20132024. Mesyuarat Teknikal NCD Peringkat Kebangsaan 2025. Malaysia: Putrajaya; 2025."},{"key":"1501_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203","volume":"15","author":"IM Rosenstock","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Q. 1988;15:175\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019818801500203.","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"key":"1501_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-272","volume":"6","author":"Y-F Zheng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zheng Y-F, Saito T, Takahashi M, Ishibashi T, Kai I. Factors associated with intentions to adhere to colorectal cancer screening follow-up exams. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-272.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1501_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-021-00444-2","volume":"10","author":"R Azulay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azulay R, Valinsky L, Hershkowitz F, Elran E, Lederman N, Kariv R, et al. Barriers to completing colonoscopy after a positive fecal occult blood test. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2021;10:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13584-021-00444-2.","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"1501_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141316645629","volume":"24","author":"AA Plumb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plumb AA, Ghanouni A, Rainbow S, Djedovic N, Marshall S, Stein J, et al. Patient factors associated with non-attendance at colonoscopy after a positive screening faecal occult blood test. J Med Screen. 2017;24:12\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969141316645629.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"1501_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2120159","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.20159","volume":"4","author":"RB Issaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Issaka RB, Bell-Brown A, Snyder C, Atkins DL, Chew L, Weiner BJ, et al. Perceptions on Barriers and Facilitators to Colonoscopy Completion After Abnormal Fecal Immunochemical Test Results in a Safety Net System. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2120159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.20159.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1501_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.09.022","volume":"105","author":"RS Kerrison","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kerrison RS, Travis E, Dobson C, Whitaker KL, Rees CJ, Duffy SW, et al. Barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy following fecal immunochemical test screening for colorectal cancer: A key informant interview study. Patient Educ Couns. 2022;105:1652\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2021.09.022.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"1501_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884678","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.884678","volume":"10","author":"T Akinyemiju","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akinyemiju T, Ogunsina K, Gupta A, Liu I, Braithwaite D, Hiatt RA. A Socio-Ecological Framework for Cancer Prevention in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Front Public Health. 2022;10:884678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.884678.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1501_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2012.0120","volume":"23","author":"HJ Nuss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nuss HJ, Williams DL, Hayden J, Huard CR. Applying the Social Ecological Model to evaluate a demonstration colorectal cancer screening program in Louisiana. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23:1026\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/hpu.2012.0120.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"1501_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002478","volume":"118","author":"S Yakoubovitch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yakoubovitch S, Zaki T, Anand S, Pecoriello J, Liang PS. Effect of Behavioral Interventions on the Uptake of Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118:1829\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002478.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1501_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2025.100670","volume":"12","author":"WS Kwan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kwan WS, Choi K-C, Chan DN. Effectiveness of health promotion interventions to increase faecal occult blood test uptake rates among older adults with an average-risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2025;12:100670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjon.2025.100670.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"1501_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4637","volume":"178","author":"MK Dougherty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dougherty MK, Brenner AT, Crockett SD, Gupta S, Wheeler SB, Coker-Schwimmer M, et al. Evaluation of Interventions Intended to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:1645\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4637.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1501_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0864-x","volume":"24","author":"S Percac-Lima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Percac-Lima S, Grant RW, Green AR, Ashburner JM, Gamba G, Oo S, et al. A culturally tailored navigator program for colorectal cancer screening in a community health center: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24:211\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-008-0864-x.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1501_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09828-3","volume":"23","author":"AT Brenner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brenner AT, Rohweder CL, Wangen M, Atkins DL, Ceballos RM, Correa S, et al. Primary care provider perspectives on the role of community pharmacy in colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-09828-3.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1501_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-023-02338-0","volume":"38","author":"V Gomez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gomez V, Kandahari N, Curiel D, Carter A, Somkin CP, Allen AM. Digital Storytelling as a Tool to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Intention in a Latinx Church Community. J Cancer Educ. 2023;38:1825\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-023-02338-0.","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"1501_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad057","volume":"13","author":"RM Ferrari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferrari RM, Atkins DL, Wangen M, Rohweder CL, Waters AR, Correa S, et al. Patient perspectives on a proposed pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening program. Transl Behav Med. 2023;13:909\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibad057.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1501_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-023-01687-x","volume":"34","author":"AT Brenner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brenner AT, Waters AR, Wangen M, Rohweder C, Odebunmi O, Marciniak MW, et al. Patient preferences for the design of a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening program. Cancer Causes Control. 2023;34(Suppl 1):99\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01687-x.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"1501_CR22","volume-title":"Health White Paper for Malaysia","author":"Ministry of Health Malaysia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malaysia. Health White Paper for Malaysia. Malaysia: Putrajaya; 2023."},{"key":"1501_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.55","volume":"104","author":"H Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh H, Kadiyala H, Bhagwath G, Shethia A, El-Serag H, Walder A, et al. Using a multifaceted approach to improve the follow-up of positive fecal occult blood test results. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:942\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2009.55.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1501_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2008.007093","volume":"15","author":"J Rodger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodger J, Steele RJC. Telephone assessment increases uptake of colonoscopy in a FOBT colorectal cancer-screening programme. J Med Screen. 2008;15:105\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/jms.2008.007093.","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"1501_CR25","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malaysia. Implementation guideline for CRC screening in Malaysia. Putrajaya: Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2014."},{"key":"1501_CR26","first-page":"235","volume":"75","author":"C Arunah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arunah C, Feisul IM, Nor Saleha IT, Muhammad Radzi AH. Overview of colorectal cancer screening programme in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2020;75:235\u20139.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"1501_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06541-7","volume":"66","author":"AJ Gawron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gawron AJ, Staub J, Bielefeldt K. Impact of Health Insurance, Poverty, and Comorbidities on Colorectal Cancer Screening: Insights from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66:70\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06541-7.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1501_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urbanek M, Hanna C, Eckmann L, Carr M, Schadler A, Kebodeaux C. Pharmacists perceptions of providing colorectal cancer screening in community-based practice. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2024;64(102111). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2024.102111.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2024.102111"},{"key":"1501_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00499-9","volume":"15","author":"K Iguchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iguchi K, Ueyama M, Nishio H, Tamaki H, Osanai A, Ino Y, et al. Impact of the increase in the number of community pharmacists on their geographical distribution in Japan: a retrospective survey. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022;15:96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40545-022-00499-9.","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1779796757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01501-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-6636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-6636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"This study was registered in the National Medical Research Registry (NMRR ID-25-03886-PMK). Ethics approval is not applicable for commentary.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"127"}}