{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:32:20Z","timestamp":1787045540411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastrointest Canc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:07:37Z","timestamp":1787044057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["KRAS G12C-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Therapeutic Strategies and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1994-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamotsu","family":"Sagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koshi","family":"Fujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-01166-3","volume":"9","author":"M Navarro-Jimenez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Navarro-Jimenez M, Gonzalez B, Mulet N, et al. KRAS-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: a systematic analysis of mutations, inhibitors, and clinical trials. npj Precis Oncol. 2025;9:380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41698-025-01166-3.","journal-title":"npj Precis Oncol"},{"key":"1547_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252516","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1252516","volume":"13","author":"L Qunaj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qunaj L, May MS, Neugut AI, et al. Prognostic and therapeutic impact of the KRAS G12C mutation in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1252516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1252516.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1547_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030428","volume":"17","author":"M Takeda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Takeda M, Yoshida S, Inoue T, et al. The role of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer: biological insights, clinical implications, and future therapeutic perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 2025;17(3):428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17030428.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1547_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063304","volume":"25","author":"J Ros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ros J, Vaghi C, Baraibar I, et al. Targeting KRAS G12C mutation in colorectal cancer, a review: new arrows in the quiver. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25063304.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1547_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0187","volume":"10","author":"V Amodio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amodio V, Yaeger R, Arcella P, et al. EGFR blockade reverts resistance to KRAS G12C inhibition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov. 2020;10(8):1129\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0187.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"1547_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02717-6","volume":"30","author":"Y Kuboki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuboki Y, Fakih M, Strickler JH, et al. Sotorasib with panitumumab in chemotherapy-refractory KRAS G12C-mutated colorectal cancer: a phase 1b trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(1):265\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02717-6.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"1547_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308795","volume":"389","author":"MG Fakih","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fakih MG, Salvatore L, Esaki T, et al. Sotorasib plus panitumumab in refractory colorectal cancer with mutated KRAS G12C. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(23):2125\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2308795.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1547_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212419","volume":"388","author":"R Yaeger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yaeger R, Weiss J, Pelster MS, et al. Adagrasib with or without cetuximab in colorectal cancer with mutated KRAS G12C. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(1):44\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2212419.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1547_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0217","volume":"14","author":"R Yaeger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yaeger R, Uboha NV, Pelster MS, et al. Efficacy and safety of adagrasib plus cetuximab in patients with KRASG12C-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov. 2024;14(6):982\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0217.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1547_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tabernero J, Kopetz S, Lee J, et al. LBA1 Second-line adagrasib plus cetuximab vs chemotherapy in patients with KRASG12C-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the KRYSTAL-10 trial. Ann Oncol. 2026;37(Suppl 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.06.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.06.005"},{"issue":"13","key":"1547_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917239","volume":"383","author":"DS Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong DS, Fakih MG, Strickler JH, et al. KRAS G12C inhibition with sotorasib in advanced solid tumors. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(13):1207\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1917239.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1547_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00605-7","volume":"23","author":"MG Fakih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fakih MG, Kopetz S, Kuboki Y, et al. Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS G12C mutation (CodeBreaK100): a prespecified analysis of a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(1):115\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00605-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1547_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.33696\/cancerimmunol.6.086","volume":"6","author":"H Miyashita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miyashita H, Hong DS. Combining EGFR and KRAS G12C inhibitors for KRAS G12C mutated advanced colorectal cancer. J Cancer Immunol. 2024;6(2):62\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33696\/cancerimmunol.6.086.","journal-title":"J Cancer Immunol"},{"key":"1547_CR14","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves sotorasib with panitumumab for KRAS G12C-mutated colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Jul 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-approves-sotorasib-panitumumab-kras-g12c-mutated-colorectal-cancer"},{"key":"1547_CR15","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA grants accelerated approval to adagrasib with cetuximab for KRAS G12C-mutated colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 Jul 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/resources-information-approved-drugs\/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-adagrasib-cetuximab-kras-g12c-mutated-colorectal-cancer"},{"key":"1547_CR16","volume-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Colon Cancer. Version 1.2026","author":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network","year":"2026","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Colon Cancer. Version 1.2026. Plymouth Meeting, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 2026."},{"key":"1547_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cremolini C, Chalabi M, Elez E, et al. Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2026;37(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.005"},{"key":"1547_CR18","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Phase 3 Study of MRTX849 With Cetuximab Versus Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL-10) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04793958. Accessed 19 Jul 2026."},{"key":"1547_CR19","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. Study of Sotorasib, Panitumumab and FOLFIRI Versus Investigator\u2019s Choice Chemotherapy in Subjects With KRAS p.G12C Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CodeBreaK 301) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06252649. Accessed 19 Jul 2026."},{"issue":"9","key":"1547_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091512","volume":"17","author":"R Miao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miao R, Yu J, Kim RD. Targeting the KRAS oncogene for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2025;17(9):1512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17091512.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1547_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5084","DOI":"10.62347\/ZZUW3272","volume":"15","author":"Y Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin Y, Cheng SH, Wang D, et al. Targeted therapy for KRAS G12C-mutated colorectal cancer: advances, challenges, and future directions. Am J Cancer Res. 2025;15(12):5084\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/ZZUW3272.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:07:38Z","timestamp":1787044058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12029-026-01547-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-6636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-6636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Tamotsu Sagawa has received lecture fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb, Astellas Pharma Inc., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., MSD K.K., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"194"}}