{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:22:44Z","timestamp":1792783364178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio De Mesquita Filho","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00987cb86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gastrointest Canc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs using fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT or FIT) among adults aged 45\u201375 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included studies comparing participants in population-based CRC screening programs with unscreened individuals. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, CRC-specific mortality, CRC incidence, and stage IV CRC incidence. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Pooled RRs were calculated by meta-analysis, and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No difference was observed in all-cause mortality (RR\u2009=\u20091.00, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.01; 5 studies, 1,474,576 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). RCTs evaluating gFOBT demonstrated a reduction in CRC-specific mortality (RR\u2009=\u20090.89, 95% CI 0.84\u20130.94; 5 studies, 1,474,576 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), corresponding to 38 fewer CRC deaths per 100,000 individuals screened (95% CI, 55 fewer to 21 fewer). Non-RCTs evaluating FIT reported larger reductions in CRC-specific mortality (RR\u2009=\u20090.21, 95% CI 0.20\u20130.21; 5 studies, 7,435,956 participants), although the certainty of evidence was low. RCTs showed no significant effect on CRC incidence or stage IV CRC incidence, whereas non-RCTs evaluating FIT suggested reductions in both outcomes; however, the certainty of evidence was also low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal occult blood test\u2013based screening reduces CRC-specific mortality but not all-cause mortality. FIT-based screening may provide additional benefits by reducing CRC incidence and stage IV disease; however, these findings are supported by low-certainty evidence and require confirmation in RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-026-01605-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:26:15Z","timestamp":1790166375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness and Safety of Colorectal Cancer Screening Via Fecal Occult Blood Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Mayra Calil Jorge","family":"Frankenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Camarotto","family":"Patah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza Teixeira","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Nascimento","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Gomes","family":"Romeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vania dos Santos Nunes","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1605_CR1","unstructured":"2026 WHO-W. 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