{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1766492829194,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Genova","award":["020301002054","D31J1100003005","D31J1100161005","100008-2015-FS-ALTRIPOSTL_006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020301002054","D31J1100003005","D31J1100161005","100008-2015-FS-ALTRIPOSTL_006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padova","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["60A06-0481\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60A06-0481\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005969","name":"University of Bologna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RFO 2013","RFO 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFO 2013","RFO 2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T07:59:27Z","timestamp":1532073567000},"page":"456-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Homocysteine and A2A-D2 Receptor-Receptor Interaction at Striatal Astrocyte Processes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cervetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Guidolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Maura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Passalacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Tacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Cortelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Genedani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Candiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Ramoino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pelassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3261-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Marcoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi F.","family":"Agnati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07967.x","volume":"128","author":"LF Agnati","year":"1986","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Fuxe K, Zoli M, Ozini I, Toffano G, Ferraguti F (1986) A correlation analysis of the regional distribution of central enkephalin and beta endorphin immunoreactive terminals and of opiate receptors in adult and old male rats. Evidence for the existence of two main types of communication in the central nervous system: the volume transmission and the wiring transmission. Acta Physiol Scand 128(2):201\u2013207","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.3.2","volume":"55","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2003","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Ferr\u00e9 S, Lluis C, Franco R, Fuxe K (2003) Molecular mechanisms and therapeutical implications of intramembrane receptor\/receptor interactions among heptahelical receptors with examples from the striatopallidal GABA neurons. Pharmacol Rev 55(3):509\u2013550","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/138920306775474086","volume":"7","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Zanardelli E, Genedani S, Fuxe K (2006a) On the existence of a global molecular network enmeshing the whole central nervous system: physiological and pathological implications. Curr Prot Pept Sci 7(1):3\u201315","journal-title":"Curr Prot Pept Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1120_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0601382","volume":"5","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Ferr\u00e9 S, Genedani S, Leo G, Guidolin D, Filaferro M, Carriba P, Casad\u00f3 V, Lluis C, Franco R, Woods AS, Fuxe K (2006b) Allosteric modulation of dopamine D2 receptors by homocysteine. J Prot Res 5(11):3077\u20133083","journal-title":"J Prot Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.03.004","volume":"55","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Genedani S, Leo G, Rivera A, Guidolin D, Fuxe K (2007) One century of progress in neuroscience founded on Golgi and Cajal\u2019s outstanding experimental and theoretical contributions. Brain Res Rev 55(1):167\u2013189","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.10.003","volume":"58","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Leo G, Genedani S, Andreoli N, Marcellino D, Woods A, Piron L, Guidolin D, Fuxe K (2008a) Structural plasticity in G-protein coupled receptors as demonstrated by the allosteric actions of homocysteine and computer-assisted analysis of disordered domains. Brain Res Rev 58(2):459\u2013474","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR7","first-page":"543","volume":"28","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Genedani S, Leo G, Wood SA, Ferr\u00e9 S, Franco R, Fuxe K (2008b) Integrative action of receptor mosaics: relevance of receptor topology and allosteric modulators. J Recept Sig Transd Res 28(6):543\u2013565","journal-title":"J Recept Sig Transd Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.10.004","volume":"90","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Leo G, Carone C, Genedani S, Fuxe K (2010) Receptor-receptor interactions: a novel concept in brain integration. Prog Neurobiol 90(2):157\u2013175","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203715666140901112725","volume":"15","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Marcoli M, Genedani S, Borroto-Escuela DO, Maura G, Fuxe K (2014) \u201cNeuro-semeiotics\u201d and \u201cfree-energy minimization\u201d suggest a unified perspective for integrative brain actions: focus on receptor heteromers and roamer type of volume transmission. Curr Prot Pept Sci 15(7):703\u2013718","journal-title":"Curr Prot Pept Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2015-0024","volume":"27","author":"LF Agnati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Cervetto C, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K (2016) Role of iso-receptors in receptor-receptor interactions with a focus on dopamine iso-receptor complexes. Rev Neurosci 27(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1120_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.144","volume":"34","author":"K Azdad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azdad K, Gall D, Woods AS, Ledent C, Ferr\u00e9 S, Schiffmann SN (2009) Dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors regulate NMDA-mediated excitation in accumbens neurons through A2A-D2 receptor heteromerization. Neuropsychopharmacol 34(4):972\u2013986","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1021\/ml400079h","volume":"4","author":"C Battilocchio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Battilocchio C, Guetzoyan L, Cervetto C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Frattaroli D, Baxendale IR, Maura G, Rossi A, Sautebin L, Biava M, Ghelardini C, Marcoli M, Ley SV (2013) Flow synthesis and biological studies of an analgesic adamantane derivative that inhibits P2X(7)-evoked glutamate release. ACS Med Chem Lett 4(8):704\u2013709","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.074","volume":"158","author":"LH Bergersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bergersen LH, Gundersen V (2009) Morphological evidence for vesicular glutamate release from astrocytes. Neurosci 158(1):260\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.074","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"issue":"15","key":"1120_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.06.025","volume":"24","author":"Y Bernardinelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bernardinelli Y, Randall J, Janett E, Nikonenko I, K\u00f6nig S, Jones EV, Flores CE, Murai KK, Bochet CG, Holtmaat A, Muller D (2014) Activity-dependent structural plasticity of perisynaptic astrocytic domains promotes excitatory synapse stability. Curr Biol 24(15):1679\u20131688","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1246","volume":"7","author":"P Bezzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bezzi P, Gundersen V, Galbete JL, Seifert G, Steinhauser C, Pilati E, Volterra A (2004) Astrocytes contain a vesicular compartment that is competent for regulated exocytosis of glutamate. Nat Neurosci 7(6):613\u2013620","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.6.1102","volume":"47","author":"F Blandini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blandini F, Fancellu R, Martignoni E, Mangiagalli A, Pacchetti C, Samuele A, Nappi G (2001) Plasma homocysteine and L-DOPA metabolism in patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Chem 47(6):1102\u20131104","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.04.001","volume":"40","author":"HDE Booth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Booth HDE, Hirst WD, Wade-Martins R (2017) The role of astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Trends Neurosci 40(6):358\u2013370","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1120_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391862-8.00015-6","volume":"521","author":"DO Borroto-Escuela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borroto-Escuela DO, Romero-Fernandez W, Garriga P, Ciruela F, Narvaez M, Tarakanov AO, Palkovits M, Agnati LF, Fuxe K (2013) G-protein coupled receptor heterodimerization in the brain. Method Enzymol 521:281\u2013294","journal-title":"Method Enzymol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.070","volume":"170","author":"F Bruzzone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruzzone F, Cervetto C, Mazzotta MC, Bianchini P, Ronzitti E, Leprince J, Diaspro A, Maura G, Vallarino M, Vaudry H, Marcoli M (2010) Urotensin II receptor and acetylcholine release from mouse cervical spinal cord nerve terminals. Neurosci 170(1):67\u201377","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.154955","volume":"332","author":"C Cervetto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cervetto C, Maura G, Marcoli M (2010) Inhibition of presynaptic release-facilitatory kainate autoreceptors by extracellular cyclic GMP. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 332(1):210\u2013219","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.02.034","volume":"60","author":"C Cervetto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cervetto C, Mazzotta V, Frattaroli D, Alloisio S, Nobile M, Maura G, Marcoli M (2012) Calmidazolium selectively inhibits exocytotic glutamate release evoked by P2X7 receptor activation. Neurochem Int 60(8):768\u2013772","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"1120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.08.011","volume":"99","author":"C Cervetto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cervetto C, Frattaroli D, Venturini A, Passalacqua M, Nobile M, Alloisio S, Tacchetti C, Maura G, Agnati LF, Marcoli M (2015) Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors trigger vesicular glutamate release from Bergmann gliosomes. Neuropharmacol 99:396\u2013407","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-015-8377-3","volume":"18","author":"C Cervetto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cervetto C, Vergani L, Passalacqua M, Ragazzoni M, Venturini A, Cecconi F, Berretta N, Mercuri N, D'Amelio M, Maura G, Mariottini P, Voci A, Marcoli M, Cervelli M (2016) Astrocyte-dependent vulnerability to excitotoxicity in spermine oxidase overexpressing mouse. NeuroMolecular Med 18(1):50\u201368","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13885","volume":"140","author":"C Cervetto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cervetto C, Venturini A, Passalacqua M, Guidolin D, Genedani S, Fuxe K, Borroto-Esquela DO, Cortelli P, Woods A, Maura G, Marcoli M, Agnati LF (2017) A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interaction modulates gliotransmitter release from striatal astrocyte processes. J Neurochem 140(2):268\u2013279","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13438","volume":"136","author":"C Chassain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chassain C, Melon C, Salin P, Vitale F, Couraud S, Durif F, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Gubellini P (2016) Metabolic, synaptic and behavioral impact of 5-week chronic deep brain stimulation in hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurochem 136(5):1004\u20131016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1021\/ac049295f","volume":"76","author":"F Ciruela","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ciruela F, Burgueno J, Casado V, Canals M, Marcellino D, Goldberg SR, Bader M, Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Lluis C, Franco R, Ferr\u00e9 S, Woods AS (2004) Combining mass spectrometry and pull-down techniques for the study of receptor heteromerization. Direct epitope-epitope electrostatic interactions between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors. Anal Chem 76(1):5354\u20135363","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"1120_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2558(03)31006-9","volume":"31","author":"A Derouiche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Derouiche A (2003) The perisynaptic astrocyte process as a glial compartment-immunolabeling for glutamine synthetase and other glial markers. Adv Molec Cell Biol 31:147\u2013163","journal-title":"Adv Molec Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1120","volume":"36","author":"A Derouiche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Derouiche A, Frotscher M (2001) Peripheral astrocyte processes: monitoring by selective immunostaining for the actin-binding ERM proteins. Glia 36(3):330\u2013341","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"1120_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.05.037","volume":"97","author":"L Cesare Mannelli Di","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Cesare Mannelli L, Marcoli M, Micheli L, Zanardelli M, Maura G, Ghelardini C, Cervetto C (2015) Oxaliplatin evokes P2X7-dependent glutamate release in the Cereb Cortex: a pain mechanism mediated by Pannexin 1. Neuropharmacol 97:133\u2013141","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"1120_CR30","first-page":"S2","volume":"47","author":"S Fahn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fahn S (2000) The spectrum of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 47(4 Suppl 1):S2\u2013S9","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1120_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e9 S, Ciruela F, Canals M, Marcellino D, Burgueno J, Casad\u00f3 V, Hillion J, Torvinen M, Fanelli F, de Benedetti P, Goldberg SR, Bouvier M, Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Lluis C, Franco R, Woods A (2004) Adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor heteromers. Targets for neuro-psychiatric disorders. Parkinsonism Rel Dis 10(5):265\u2013271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.02.014"},{"key":"1120_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00076","volume":"7","author":"R Franco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Franco R, Mart\u00ednez-Pinilla E, Lanciego JL, Navarro G (2016) Basic pharmacological and structural evidence for class A G-protein-coupled receptor heteromerization. Front Pharmacol 7:76","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:26:2-3:209","volume":"26","author":"K Fuxe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fuxe K, Ferr\u00e9 S, Canals M, Torvinen M, Terasmaa A, Marcellino D, Goldberg SR, Staines W, Jacobsen KX, Lluis C, Woods AS, Agnati LF, Franco R (2005) Adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 heteromeric receptor complexes and their function. J Mol Neurosci 26(2):209\u2013220","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1120_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21440","volume":"22","author":"K Fuxe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fuxe K, Marcellino D, Genedani S, Agnati LF (2007) Adenosine A2A receptors, dopamine D2 receptors and their interactions in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Movement Disord 22(4):1990\u20132017","journal-title":"Movement Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.10.010","volume":"10","author":"K Fuxe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fuxe K, Marcellino D, Leo G, Agnati LF (2010) Molecular integration via allosteric interactions in receptor heteromers. A working hypothesis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 10(1):14\u201322","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR36","first-page":"377","volume":"19","author":"K Fuxe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuxe K, Guidolin D, Agnati LF, Borroto-Escuela DO (2015a) Dopamine heteroreceptor complexes as therapeutic targets in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Opin Pharmacother 19(3):377\u2013398","journal-title":"Exp Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1120_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1574-5","volume":"40","author":"K Fuxe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Marcoli M, Borroto-Escuela DO (2015b) Volume transmission in central dopamine and noradrenaline neurons and its astroglial targets. Neurochem Res 40(12):2600\u20132614","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1070-3","volume":"221","author":"G Ghezali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghezali G, Dallerac G, Rouach N (2016) Perisynaptic astroglial processes: dynamic processors of neuronal information. Brain Struct Funct 221(5):2427\u20132442","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"1120_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135952","volume":"56","author":"I Gomes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomes I, Ayoub MA, Fujita W, Jaeger WC, Pfleger KD, Devi LA (2016) G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 56:403\u2013425","journal-title":"Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.981155","volume":"19","author":"D Guidolin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guidolin D, Agnati LF, Marcoli M, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K (2015) G-protein-coupled receptor type A heteromers as an emerging therapeutic target. Exp Opin Ther Tar 19(2):265\u2013283","journal-title":"Exp Opin Ther Tar"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.10.007","volume":"15","author":"A Hadj Tahar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hadj Tahar A, Gregoire L, Darre A, Belanger N, Meltzer L, Bedard PJ (2004) Effect of a selective glutamate antagonist on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in drug-naive parkinsonian monkeys. Neurobiol Dis 15(2):171\u2013176","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.04.001","volume":"102","author":"PJ Hallett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hallett PJ, Standaert DG (2004) Rationale for and use of NMDA receptor antagonists in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Therapeut 102(2):155\u2013174","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"1120_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18091","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107731200","volume":"277","author":"J Hillion","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hillion J, Canals M, Torvinen M, Casado V, Scott R, Terasmaa A, Hansson A, Watson S, Olah ME, Mallol J, Canela EI, Zoli M, Agnati LF, Ibanez CF, Lluis C, Franco R, Ferre S, Fuxe K (2002) Coaggregation, cointernalization, and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. J Biol Chem 277:18091\u201318097","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20185","volume":"51","author":"G Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang G, Dragan M, Freeman D, Wilson JX (2005) Activation of catechol-O-methyltransferase in astrocytes stimulates homocysteine synthesis and export to neurons. Glia 51(1):47\u201355","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501254d","volume":"58","author":"M J\u00f6rg","year":"2015","unstructured":"J\u00f6rg M, May LT, Mak FS, Lee KC, Miller ND, Scammells PJ, Capuano B (2015) Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dual acting ligands targeting the adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors for the potential treatment of parkinson\u2019s disease. J Med Chem 58(2):718\u2013738","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.000992","volume":"62","author":"T Kenakin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kenakin T, Miller LJ (2010) Seven transmembrane receptors as shapeshifting proteins: the impact of allosteric modulation and functional selectivity on new drug discovery. Pharmacol Rev 62(2):265\u2013304","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"31","key":"1120_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100957108","volume":"108","author":"M Lavialle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lavialle M, Aumann G, Anlauf E, Pr\u00f6ls F, Arpin M, Derouiche A (2011) Structural plasticity of perisynaptic astrocyte processes involves ezrin and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(31):12915\u201312919","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1120_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lipton SA, Kim WK, Choi YB, Kumar S, D\u2019Emilia DM, Rayudu PV, Arnelle DR, Stamler JS (1997) Neurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA94(11):5923\u20135928","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.11.5923"},{"issue":"29","key":"1120_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10593","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6401-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"T Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu T, Sun L, Xiong Y, Shang S, Guo N, Teng S, Wang Y, Liu B, Wang C, Wang L, Zheng L, Zhang CX, Han W, Zhou Z (2011) Calcium triggers exocytosis from two types of organelles in a single astrocyte. J Neurosci 31(29):10593\u201310601","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00501879","volume":"329","author":"M Marcoli","year":"1985","unstructured":"Marcoli M, Lecchini S, De Ponti F, D'Angelo L, Crema A, Frigo GM (1985) Subsensitivity of enteric cholinergic neurones to \u03b12-adrenoceptors agonists after chronic sympathetic denervation. N-S Arch Pharmacol 329(3):271\u2013277","journal-title":"N-S Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39201-8","volume":"293","author":"M Marcoli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marcoli M, Scarrone S, Maura G, Bonanno G, Raiteri M (2000) A subtype of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(B) receptor regulates cholinergic twitch response in the guinea pig ileum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 293(1):42\u201347","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.12.010","volume":"49","author":"M Marcoli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Paluzzi P, Guarnieri S, Raiteri M, Maura G (2006a) Nitric oxide-evoked glutamate release and cGMP production in cerebellar slices: control by presynaptic 5-HT1D receptors. Neurochem Int 49(1):12\u201319","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.06.009","volume":"49","author":"M Marcoli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marcoli M, Maura G, Cervetto C, Giacomini C, Olivieri D, Candiani S, Pestarino M (2006b) Nitric oxide-evoked cGMP production in Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum: an immunocytochemical and pharmacological study. Neurochem Int 49(7):683\u2013690","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2015-0007","volume":"26","author":"M Marcoli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcoli M, Agnati LF, Benedetti F, Genedani S, Guidolin D, Ferraro L, Maura G, Fuxe K (2015) On the role of the extracellular space on the holistic behavior of the brain. Rev Neurosci 26(5):489\u2013506","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6249","key":"1120_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa7945","volume":"349","author":"R Mart\u00edn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn R, Bajo-Gra\u00f1eras R, Moratalla R, Perea G, Araque A (2015) Circuit-specific signaling in astrocyte-neuron networks in basal ganglia pathways. Science 349(6249):730\u2013734","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00032-8","volume":"26","author":"MP Mattson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mattson MP, Shea TB (2003) Folate and homocysteine metabolism in neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Neurosci 26(3):137\u2013146","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1120_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13649","volume":"139","author":"CC McIntyre","year":"2016","unstructured":"McIntyre CC, Anderson R (2016) Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation. J Neurochem 139(Suppl 1):338\u2013345","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055899.24594.8E","volume":"60","author":"JW Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller JW, Selhub J, Nadeau MR, Thomas CA, Feldman RG, Wolf PA (2003) Effect of l-dopa on plasma homocysteine in PD patients. Relationship to B-vitamin status. Neurology 60(7):1125\u20131129","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20367","volume":"54","author":"V Montana","year":"2006","unstructured":"Montana V, Malarkey EB, Verderio C, Matteoli M, Parpura V (2006) Vesicular transmitter release from astrocytes. Glia 54(7):700\u2013715","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440090107","volume":"9","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Iga K, Shibata T, Shudo M, Kataoka K (1993) Glial plasmalemmal vesicles: a subcellular fraction from rat hippocampal homogenate distinct from synaptosomes. Glia 9(1):48\u201356","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"11","key":"1120_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.10.004","volume":"21","author":"G Navarro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Navarro G, Aguinaga D, Moreno E, Hradsky J, Reddy PP, Cort\u00e9s A, Mallol J, Casad\u00f3 V, Mikhaylova M, Kreutz MR, Llu\u00eds C, Canela EI, McCormick PJ, Ferr\u00e9 S (2014) Intracellular calcium levels determine differential modulation of allosteric interactions within G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. Chem Biol 21(11):1546\u20131556","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2165","volume":"16","author":"JA Obeso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G (2010) Missing pieces in the Parkinson\u2019s disease puzzle. Nat Med 16(6):653\u2013661","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"1120_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13750","volume":"139","author":"WH Oertel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oertel WH, Schulz JB (2016) Current and experimental treatments of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a guide for neuroscientists. J Neurochem 139(suppl 1):325\u2013337","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21258","volume":"60","author":"L Ormel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ormel L, Stensrud MJ, Bergersen LH, Gundersen V (2012) VGLUT1 is localized in astrocytic processes in several brain regions. Glia 60(2):229\u2013238","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"1120_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.06.018","volume":"1860","author":"R Paul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paul R, Borah A (2016) L-DOPA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: elephant in the room. Biochim Biophys Acta 1860(9):1989\u20131997","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044518","volume":"7","author":"M Pedrazzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pedrazzi M, Averna M, Sparatore B, Patrone M, Salamino F, Marcoli M, Maura G, Cervetto C, Frattaroli D, Pontremoli S, Melloni E (2012) Potentiation of NMDA receptor-dependent cell responses by extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein. PLoS One 7(8):e44518","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.001","volume":"32","author":"G Perea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perea G, Navarrete M, Araque A (2009) Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information. Trends Neurosci 32(8):421\u2013431","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(74)90272-6","volume":"2","author":"M Raiteri","year":"1974","unstructured":"Raiteri M, Angelini F, Levi G (1974) A simple apparatus for studying the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol 2(3):411\u2013414","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1120_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.02.003","volume":"63","author":"A Reichenbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reichenbach A, Derouiche A, Kirchhoff F (2010) Morphology and dynamics of perisynaptic glia. Brain Res Rev 63(1\u20132):11\u201325","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1120_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.09.004","volume":"29","author":"MA Schwarzschild","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwarzschild MA, Agnati LF, Fuxe K, Chen JF, Morelli M (2006) Targeting adenosine A2A receptors in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Trends Neurosci 29(11):647\u2013654","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"7435","key":"1120_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11748","volume":"494","author":"W Shao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shao W, Zhang SZ, Tang M, Zhang XH, Zhou Z, Yin YQ, Zhou QB, Huang YY, Liu YJ, Wawrousek E, Chen T, Li SB, Xu M, Zhou JN, Hu G, Zhou JW (2013) Suppression of neuroinflammation by astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors via alphaB-crystallin. Nature 494(7435):90\u201394","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"1120_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900298c","volume":"52","author":"A Soriano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soriano A, Ventura R, Molero A, Hoen R, Casad\u00f3 V, Cort\u00e9s A, Fanelli F, Albericio F, Llu\u00eds C, Franco R, Royo M (2009) Adenosine A2A receptor-antagonist\/dopamine D2 receptor-agonist bivalent ligands as pharmacological tools to detect A2A-D2 receptor heteromers. J Med Chem 52(18):5590\u20135602","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611795347564","volume":"11","author":"B Sperl\u00e1gh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sperl\u00e1gh B, Vizi ES (2011) The role of extracellular adenosine in chemical neurotransmission in the ippocampus and basal ganglia: pharmacological and clinical aspects. Curr Top Med Chem 11(8):1034\u20131046","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03631.x","volume":"96","author":"S Stigliani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stigliani S, Zappettini S, Raiteri L, Passalacqua M, Melloni E, Venturi C, Tacchetti C, Diaspro A, Usai C, Bonanno G (2006) Glia re-sealed particles freshly prepared from adult rat brain are competent for exocytotic release of glutamate. J Neurochem 96(3):656\u2013668","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2144\/000113719","volume":"51","author":"P Trifilieff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trifilieff P, Rives ML, Urizar E, Piskorowski RA, Vishwasrao HD, Castrillon J, Schmauss C, Sl\u00e4ttman M, Gullberg M, Javitch JA (2011) Detection of antigen interactions ex vivo by proximity ligation assay: endogenous dopamine D2- adenosine A2A receptor complexes in the striatum. Biotechniques 51(2):111\u2013118","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"1120_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00068","volume":"5","author":"RM Villalba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Villalba RM, Smith Y (2011) Neuroglial plasticity at striatal glutamatergic synapses in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Syst Neurosci 5:68","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"1120_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00117","volume":"9","author":"RM Villalba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villalba RM, Mathai A, Smith Y (2015) Morphological changes of glutamatergic synapses in animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neuroanat 9:117","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"1120_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.05.030","volume":"69","author":"I Villar-Men\u00e9ndez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villar-Men\u00e9ndez I, Porta S, Buira SP, Pereira-Veiga T, D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez S, Albasanz JL, Ferrer I, Mart\u00edn M, Barrachina M (2014) Increased striatal adenosine A2A receptor levels is an early event in Parkinson\u2019s disease-related pathology and it is potentially regulated by miR-34b. Neurobiol Dis 69:206\u2013214","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(79)90061-0","volume":"1","author":"ES Vizi","year":"1980","unstructured":"Vizi ES (1980) Non-synaptic modulation of transmitter release: pharmacological implications. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1(1):172\u2013175","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01436-4","volume":"52","author":"ES Vizi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vizi ES (2000) Role of high-affinity receptors and membrane transporters in nonsynaptic communication and drug action in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 52(1):63\u201389","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21313","volume":"63","author":"L Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu L, Shen HY, Coelho JE, Ara\u00fajo IM, Huang QY, Day YJ, Rebola N, Canas PM, Rapp EK, Ferrara J, Taylor D, M\u00fcller CE, Linden J, Cunha RA, Chen JF (2008) Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists exert motor and neuroprotective effects by distinct cellular mechanisms. Ann Neurol 63(3):338\u2013346","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1120_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22511","volume":"24","author":"S Zoccolella","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zoccolella S, dell\u2019Aquila C, Abruzzese G, Antonini A, Bonuccelli U, Canesi M, Cristina S, Marchese R, Pacchetti C, Zagaglia R, Logroscino G, Defazio G, Lamberti P, Livrea P (2009) Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Movement Disord 24(7):1028\u20131033","journal-title":"Movement Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T22:38:04Z","timestamp":1751755084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1120-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-8696","1559-1166"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0895-8696"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-1166"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}