{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T15:31:26Z","timestamp":1769182286452,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:02:13Z","timestamp":1624665733000},"page":"1752-1760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Elevation of DNA Methylation in the Promoter Regions of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene is Associated with Heroin Addiction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8882-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00221.x","volume":"15","author":"F Angelucci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angelucci F, Ricci V, Martinotti G, Palladino I, Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Bria P (2010) Ecstasy (MDMA)-addicted subjects show increased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, independently from a rise of drug-induced psychotic symptoms. Addict Biol 15:365\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00221.x","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"1864_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Armstrong RA (2014) When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) 34:502\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12131","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"1864_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Auton A et al. (2015) A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526:68\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature15393","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"1864_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Autry AE, Monteggia LM (2012) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacological reviews 64:238\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.111.005108","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005108"},{"key":"1864_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bell JT et al. (2011) DNA methylation patterns associate with genetic and gene expression variation in HapMap cell lines. Genome biology 12:R10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2011-12-1-r10","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-1-r10"},{"key":"1864_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crist RC, Reiner BC, Berrettini WH (2019) A review of opioid addiction genetics. Current opinion in psychology 27:31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.07.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.07.014"},{"key":"1864_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Curtin F, Schulz P (1998) Multiple correlations and Bonferroni's correction. Biological psychiatry 44:775\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00043-2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00043-2"},{"key":"1864_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Etcheverry A et al. (2010) DNA methylation in glioblastoma: impact on gene expression and clinical outcome. BMC genomics 11:701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-11-701","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-701"},{"key":"1864_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haerian BS (2013) BDNF rs6265 polymorphism and drug addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 14:2055\u20132065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pgs.13.217","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.217"},{"key":"1864_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han L, Witmer PD, Casey E, Valle D, Sukumar S (2007) DNA methylation regulates MicroRNA expression. Cancer biology & therapy 6:1284\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4486","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4486"},{"key":"1864_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heberlein A et al. (2015) Do changes in the BDNF promoter methylation indicate the risk of alcohol relapse? European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 25:1892\u20131897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.018"},{"key":"1864_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia W, Shi JG, Wu B, Ao L, Zhang R, Zhu YS (2011) Polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor associated with heroin dependence. Neuroscience letters 495:221\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.072"},{"key":"1864_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang HJ et al. (2013) BDNF promoter methylation and suicidal behavior in depressive patients. Journal of affective disorders 151:679\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.001"},{"key":"1864_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Neale MC (2003) Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse\/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins. The American journal of psychiatry 160:687\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.687","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.687"},{"key":"1864_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koo JW et al. (2012) BDNF is a negative modulator of morphine action. Science (New York, NY) 338:124\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1222265","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222265"},{"key":"1864_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koo JW et al. (2015) Epigenetic basis of opiate suppression of Bdnf gene expression in the ventral tegmental area. Nature neuroscience 18:415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3932","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3932"},{"key":"1864_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kordi-Tamandani DM, Tajoddini S, Salimi F (2015) Promoter Methylation and BDNF and DAT1 Gene Expression Profiles in Patients with Drug Addiction. Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 82:94\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000430465","DOI":"10.1159\/000430465"},{"key":"1864_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Qiao X, Yin F, Guo H, Huang X, Lai J, Wei S (2016) A Population-Based Study of Four Genes Associated with Heroin Addiction in Han Chinese. PloS one 11:e0163668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668"},{"key":"1864_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia B, Li R, Yin D, Liang W (2017) Changes in Expression of Dopamine, Its Receptor, and Transporter in Nucleus Accumbens of Heroin-Addicted Rats with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Overexpression. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 23:2805\u20132815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/msm.904670","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.904670"},{"key":"1864_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu JF, Li JX (2018) Drug addiction: a curable mental disorder? Acta pharmacologica Sinica 39:1823\u20131829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-018-0180-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0180-x"},{"key":"1864_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu RB et al. (2017) Long-term heroin use was associated with the downregulation of systemic platelets, BDNF, and TGF-\u03b21, and it contributed to the disruption of executive function in Taiwanese Han Chinese. Drug and alcohol dependence 179:139\u2013145.:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.035"},{"key":"1864_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quon G, Lippert C, Heckerman D, Listgarten J (2013) Patterns of methylation heritability in a genome-wide analysis of four brain regions. Nucleic acids research 41:2095\u20132104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks1449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1449"},{"key":"1864_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russo SJ, Mazei-Robison MS, Ables JL, Nestler EJ (2009) Neurotrophic factors and structural plasticity in addiction. Neuropharmacology 56 Suppl 1:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.059"},{"key":"1864_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salehzadeh SA, Mohammadian A, Salimi F (2020) Effect of chronic methamphetamine injection on levels of BDNF mRNA and its CpG island methylation in prefrontal cortex of rats. Asian journal of psychiatry 48:101884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.101884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.101884"},{"key":"1864_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schuster R et al. (2017) Elevated methylation and decreased serum concentrations of BDNF in patients in levomethadone compared to diamorphine maintenance treatment. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 267:33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-016-0668-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0668-7"},{"key":"1864_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shabalin AA (2012) Matrix eQTL: ultra fast eQTL analysis via large matrix operations. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 28:1353\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts163","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts163"},{"key":"1864_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsuang MT et al. (1998) Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: the role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities. Archives of general psychiatry 55:967\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.967","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.967"},{"key":"1864_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ursini G et al. (2016) BDNF rs6265 methylation and genotype interact on risk for schizophrenia. Epigenetics 11:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15592294.2015.1117736","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1117736"},{"key":"1864_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE (2000) Genetic studies of substance abuse. Drug and alcohol dependence 59:101\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0376-8716(99)00109-x","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(99)00109-x"},{"key":"1864_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walker DM, Nestler EJ (2018) Neuroepigenetics and addiction. Handbook of clinical neurology 148:747\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-64076-5.00048-x","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-64076-5.00048-x"},{"key":"1864_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang H, Lou D, Wang Z (2018) Crosstalk of Genetic Variants, Allele-Specific DNA Methylation, and Environmental Factors for Complex Disease Risk. Frontiers in genetics 9:695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2018.00695","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00695"},{"key":"1864_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie B et al. (2017) DNA Methylation and Tag SNPs of the BDNF Gene in Conversion of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment into Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 58:263\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-170007","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170007"},{"key":"1864_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu X et al. (2016) A significant association between BDNF promoter methylation and the risk of drug addiction. Gene 584:54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2016.03.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.03.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1630928642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01864-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-8696","1559-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-8696","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Our study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Xi\u2019an Mental Health Centre. All our experimental operations were performed in accordance with approved guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}