{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:22:07Z","timestamp":1791861727059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009594","name":"University of P\u00e9cs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2013activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread distribution and diverse biological functions. Several studies show that PACAP has strong cytoprotective effects mediated mostly through its specific PAC1 receptor (PAC1-R) and it plays important roles in several pathological conditions. Its distribution and altered expression are known in various human tissues, but there is no descriptive data about PACAP and its receptors in the human eyebulb. Since  PACAP38 is the dominant form of the naturally occurring PACAP, our aim was to investigate the distribution of PACAP38-like immunoreactivity in the human eye and to describe the presence of PAC1-R. Semiquantitative evaluation was performed after routine histology and immunohistochemical labeling on human eye sections. Our results showed high level of immunopositivity in the corneal epithelium and endothelium. Within the vascular layer, the iris and the ciliary body had strong immunopositivity for both PACAP and  PAC1-R. Several layers of the retina showed immunoreactivity for PACAP and PAC1-R, but the ganglion cell layer had a special pattern in the immunolabeling. Labeling was observed in the neuropil within the optic nerve in both cases and glial cells displayed immunoreactivity for PAC1-R. In summary, our study indicates the widespread occurrence of PACAP and its specific receptor in the human eye, implying that the results from in vitro and animal studies have translational value and most probably are also present in the human eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T21:02:35Z","timestamp":1646600555000},"page":"2176-2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Distribution of PACAP and PAC1 Receptor in the Human Eye"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Evelin","family":"Patko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edina","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denes","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Tornoczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inez","family":"Bosnyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Vaczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8112-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamas","family":"Atlasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Reglodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1150-y","volume":"66","author":"C Abad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abad C, Tan Y-V (2018) Immunomodulatory roles of PACAP and VIP: lessons from knockout mice. J Mol Neurosci 66(1):102\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1150-y","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05682-5","author":"MS Al-Keilani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Keilani MS, Almomani BA, Al-Sawalha NA et al (2021) Significance of serum VIP and PACAP in multiple sclerosis: an exploratory case\u2013control study. Neurol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05682-5","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C107","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00296.2013","volume":"307","author":"W Alshafie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alshafie W, Chappe FG, Li M et al (2014) VIP regulates CFTR membrane expression and function in Calu-3 cells by increasing its interaction with NHERF1 and P-ERM in a VPAC1- and PKC\u03b5-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 307(1):C107\u2013C119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00296.2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1985_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03650.x","volume":"1163","author":"T Atlasz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Atlasz T, Szabadfi K, Reglodi D et al (2009) Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and its fragments on retinal degeneration induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1163:348\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03650.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Brainresbull.2009.09.004","volume":"81","author":"T Atlasz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atlasz T, Szabadfi K, Kiss P et al (2010) Evaluation of the protective effects of PACAP with cell-specific markers in ischemia-induced retinal degeneration. Brain Res Bull 81(4\u20135):497\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.Brainresbull.2009.09.004","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atlasz T, Vaczy A, Werling D, Kiss P, Tamas A, Kovacs K, Fabian E, Kvarik T, Mammel B, Danyadi B, Lokos E, Reglodi D (2016) Neuroprotective effects of PACAP in the retina. In: Reglodi D, Tamas A (eds) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide PACAP, current topics in neurotoxicity 11. Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, pp 501\u2013527","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-35135-3_30"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0823-7","volume":"60","author":"S Bardosi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bardosi S, Bardosi A, Nagy Z, Reglodi D (2016) Expression of PACAP and PAC1 receptor in normal human thyroid gland and in thyroid papillary carcinoma. J Mol Neurosci 60(2):171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-016-0823-7","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1093\/Brain\/awaa163","volume":"143","author":"G Baskozos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baskozos G, Sandy-Hindmarch O, Clark AJ et al (2020) Molecular and cellular correlates of human nerve regeneration: ADCYAP1\/PACAP enhance nerve outgrowth. Brain 143(7):2009\u20132026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/Brain\/awaa163","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1884","volume":"46","author":"R Brubel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brubel R, Reglodi D, Jambor E et al (2011) Investigation of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in human gynecological and other biological fluids by using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 46(2):189\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jms.1884","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devBrainres.2005.02.016","volume":"156","author":"J Carrazzoni Borba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carrazzoni Borba J, Pereira Henze I, Souza Silveira M et al (2005) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) can act as determinant of the tyrosine hydroxylase phenotype of dopaminergic cells during retina development. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 156(2):193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devBrainres.2005.02.016","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"1985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6784","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20127","volume":"57","author":"AK-W Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng AK-W, Civan MM, To C-H, Do C-W (2016) cAMP stimulates transepithelial short-circuit current and fluid transport across porcine ciliary epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 57(15):6784\u20136794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-20127","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"1985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107559","volume":"212","author":"Q Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng Q, Cheng J, Cordato D, Gao J (2020) Can dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors treat cognitive disorders? Pharmacol Ther 212:107559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107559","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.585082","volume":"11","author":"A Cherait","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cherait A, Maucotel J, Lefranc B et al (2021) Intranasal administration of PACAP is an efficient delivery route to reduce infarct volume and promote functional recovery after transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Front Endocrinol (lausanne) 11:585082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.585082","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00335-5","volume":"54","author":"V D\u2019Agata","year":"1998","unstructured":"D\u2019Agata V, Cavallaro S (1998) Functional and molecular expression of PACAP\/VIP receptors in the rat retina. Brain Res Mol 54(1):161\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00335-5","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01769-4","volume":"71","author":"AG D\u2019Amico","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico AG, Maugeri G, Musumeci G et al (2021a) PACAP and NAP: effect of two functionally related peptides in diabetic retinopathy. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1525\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-020-01769-4","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170672","volume":"146","author":"AG D\u2019Amico","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico AG, Maugeri G, Ras\u00e0 DM et al (2021b) Modulatory role of PACAP and VIP on HIFs expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Peptides 146:170672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170672","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11080994","volume":"11","author":"AG D\u2019Amico","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico AG, Maugeri G, Vanella L et al (2021c) Multimodal role of PACAP in glioblastoma. Brain Sci 11(8):994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11080994","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25719","volume":"60","author":"V Denes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Denes V, Hideg O, Nyisztor Z et al (2019) The neuroprotective peptide PACAP1-38 contributes to horizontal cell development in postnatal rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 60(2):770\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-25719","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705597","volume":"141","author":"R Derand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Derand R, Montoni A, Bulteau-Pignoux L et al (2004) Activation of VPAC 1 receptors by VIP and PACAP-27 in human bronchial epithelial cells induces CFTR-dependent chloride secretion. Br J Pharmacol 141(4):698\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705597","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00448802","volume":"234","author":"T Els\u00e5s","year":"1996","unstructured":"Els\u00e5s T, Uddman R, Sundler F (1996) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the cat eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234(9):573\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00448802","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Brainres.2012.03.005","volume":"1453","author":"A Engelund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Engelund A, Fahrenkrug J, Harrison A et al (2012) Altered pupillary light reflex in PACAP receptor 1-deficient mice. Brain Res 1453:17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.Brainres.2012.03.005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04551-x","volume":"121","author":"R Eslami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eslami R, Parnow A, Pairo Z et al (2021) The effects of two different intensities of aerobic training protocols on pain and serum neuro-biomarkers in women migraineurs: a randomized controlled trail. Eur J Appl Physiol 121(2):609\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04551-x","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9812-7","volume":"48","author":"E Fabian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fabian E, Reglodi D, Mester L et al (2012) Effects of PACAP on intracellular signaling pathways in human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress. J Mol Neurosci 48(3):493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-012-9812-7","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14189","volume":"1455","author":"E Fabian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fabian E, Reglodi D, Horvath G et al (2019) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide acts against neovascularization in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1455(1):160\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.14189","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00925-3","volume":"17","author":"Y Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang Y, Shi H, Ren R et al (2020) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuates brain edema by protecting blood\u2013brain barrier and glymphatic system after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neurotherapeutics 17(4):1954\u20131972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-020-00925-3","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.10971","volume":"18","author":"S Ferencz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferencz S, Reglodi D, Kaszas B et al (2019) PACAP and PAC1 receptor expression in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 18(6):5725\u20135730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2019.10971","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.034","volume":"143","author":"C Fukiage","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukiage C, Nakajima T, Takayama Y et al (2007) PACAP induces neurite outgrowth in cultured trigeminal ganglion cells and recovery of corneal sensitivity after flap surgery in rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol 143(2):255\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.034","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50775-z","volume":"9","author":"DB Fulop","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fulop DB, Humli V, Szepesy J et al (2019) Hearing impairment and associated morphological changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-deficient mice. Sci Rep 9(1):14598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-50775-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01649-x","volume":"7","author":"BM Girard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Girard BM, Campbell SE, Beca KI et al (2021) Intrabladder PAC1 receptor antagonist, PACAP(6\u201338), reduces urinary bladder frequency and pelvic sensitivity in mice exposed to repeated variate stress (RVS). J Mol Neurosci 7(8):1575\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-020-01649-x","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2478\/v10042-010-0052-9","volume":"48","author":"J Godlewski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Godlewski J, \u0141akomy IM (2010) Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 48(2):208\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/v10042-010-0052-9","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730407308285","volume":"22","author":"BP Grone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grone BP, Zhao S, Chen C-C, Fernald RD (2007) Localization and diurnal expression of melanopsin, vertebrate ancient opsin, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide mRNA in a teleost retina. J Biol Rhythms 22(6):558\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748730407308285","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0858-x","volume":"316","author":"J Hannibal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hannibal J, Fahrenkrug J (2004) Target areas innervated by PACAP-immunoreactive retinal ganglion cells. Cell Tissue Res 316(1):99\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-004-0858-x","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23588","volume":"522","author":"J Hannibal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hannibal J, Kankipati L, Strang CE et al (2014) Central projections of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 522(10):2231\u20132248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.23588","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)004776","volume":"22","author":"R Jozsa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jozsa R, Somogyvari-Vigh A, Reglodi D et al (2001) Distribution and daily variations of PACAP in the chicken brain. Peptides 22(9):1371\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)004776","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01448-z","volume":"71","author":"G Jozsa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jozsa G, Fulop BD, Kovacs L et al (2021) Lack of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) disturbs callus formation. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1543\u20131555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-019-01448-z","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3892\/or_00001067","volume":"25","author":"S Jung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung S, Yi L, Jeong D et al (2011) The role of ADCYAP1, adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1, as a methylation biomarker for the early detection of cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 25(1):245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/or_00001067","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"1985_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8682","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168682","volume":"22","author":"A Karpiesiuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karpiesiuk A, Palus K (2021) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in physiological and pathological processes within the gastrointestinal tract: a review. Int J Mol Sci 22(16):8682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22168682","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1985_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/Elife.15392","volume":"5","author":"WT Keenan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keenan WT, Rupp AC, Ross RA et al (2016) A visual circuit uses complementary mechanisms to support transient and sustained pupil constriction. Elife 5:e15392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/Elife.15392","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"19","key":"1985_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10691","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910691","volume":"22","author":"P Kiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiss P, Banki E, Gaszner B et al (2021) Protective effects of PACAP in a rat model of diabetic neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 22(19):10691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221910691","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1985_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0180","volume":"47","author":"C-W Kong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kong C-W, Li K-K, To C-H (2006) Chloride secretion by porcine ciliary epithelium: new insight into species similarities and differences in aqueous humor formation. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 47(12):5428\u20135436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.06-0180","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"1985_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.06.004","volume":"330","author":"V Kormos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kormos V, Gaspar L, Kovacs LA et al (2016) Reduced response to chronic mild stress in PACAP mutant mice is associated with blunted FosB expression in limbic forebrain and Brainstem centers. Neuroscience 330:335\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.06.004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1985_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.003","volume":"348","author":"A Kovacs-Valasek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kovacs-Valasek A, Szabadfi K, Denes V et al (2017) Accelerated retinal aging in PACAP knock-out mice. Neuroscience 348:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1985_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00088","volume":"11","author":"K Koves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koves K, Szabo E, Kantor O et al (2020) Current state of understanding of the role of PACAP in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal gonadotropin functions of mammals. Front Endocrinol (lausanne) 11:88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00088","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1985_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01846-2","volume":"71","author":"T Kvarik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kvarik T, Reglodi D, Werling D et al (2021) The protective effects of endogenous PACAP in oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Mol Neurosci 71(12):2546\u20132557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01846-2","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.07.023","volume":"51","author":"C La Morgia","year":"2011","unstructured":"La Morgia C, Ross-Cisneros FN, Hannibal J et al (2011) Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells: implications for human diseases. Vision Res 51(2):296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2010.07.023","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.2000.0584","volume":"25","author":"P Leung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leung P, So S, Lam S et al (2001) Local regulation of anion secretion by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in human colonic T84 cells. Cell Biol Int 25(2):123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cbir.2000.0584","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"1985_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128241","volume":"48","author":"S Lindner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindner S, Rudolf H, Palumbo G et al (2021) Are heterobivalent GRPR-and VPAC1R-bispecific radiopeptides suitable for efficient in vivo tumor imaging of prostate carcinomas? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 48:128241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128241","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17088","volume":"56","author":"Y Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma Y, Zhao S, Wang X et al (2015) A new recombinant PACAP-derived peptide efficiently promotes corneal wound repairing and lacrimal secretion. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 56(8):4336\u20134349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-17088","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2021.1887849","volume":"24","author":"SE Martelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martelle SE, Cotella EM, Nawreen N et al (2021) Prefrontal cortex PACAP signaling: organization and role in stress regulation. Stress 24(2):196\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10253890.2021.1887849","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01687-5","volume":"71","author":"VA Martinez-Rojas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez-Rojas VA, Jimenez-Gardu\u00f1o AM, Michelatti D et al (2021) ClC-2-like chloride current alterations in a cell model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, a polyglutamine disease. J Mol Neurosci 71(3):662\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-020-01687-5","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1985_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25616","volume":"232","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Saccone S et al (2017) PACAP and VIP inhibit HIF-1\u03b1-mediated VEGF expression in a model of diabetic macular edema. J Cell Physiol 232(5):1209\u20131215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.25616","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1985_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.04.009","volume":"69","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Ras\u00e0 DM et al (2018a) PACAP and VIP regulate hypoxia-inducible factors in neuroblastoma cells exposed to hypoxia. Neuropeptides 69:84\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2018.04.009","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"1985_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.11.003","volume":"99","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maugeri G, Longo A, D\u2019Amico AG et al (2018b) Trophic effect of PACAP on human corneal endothelium. Peptides 99:20\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.11.003","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"1985_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.170108","volume":"119","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Bucolo C, D\u2019Agata V (2019a) Protective effect of PACAP-38 on retinal pigmented epithelium in an in vitro and in vivo model of diabetic retinopathy through EGFR-dependent mechanism. Peptides 119:170108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.170108","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"1985_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10097","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28293","volume":"120","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Castrogiovanni P et al (2019b) PACAP through EGFR transactivation preserves human corneal endothelial integrity. J Cell Biochem 120(6):10097\u201310105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.28293","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1985_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00805","volume":"14","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Morello G et al (2020a) Differential vulnerability of oculomotor versus hypoglossal nucleus during ALS: involvement of PACAP. Front Neurosci 14:805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00805","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"21","key":"1985_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8233","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218233","volume":"21","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Musumeci G et al (2020b) Effects of PACAP on Schwann cells: focus on nerve injury. Int J Mol Sci 21(21):8233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21218233","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080965","volume":"9","author":"G Maugeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maugeri G, D\u2019Amico AG, Saccone S et al (2021) Effect of PACAP on hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma. Biomedicines 9(8):965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9080965","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01821-x","volume":"71","author":"V May","year":"2021","unstructured":"May V, Johnson GC, Hammack SE et al (2021) PAC1 receptor internalization and endosomal MEK\/ERK activation is essential for PACAP-mediated neuronal excitability. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1536\u20131542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01821-x","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000218","volume":"23","author":"TW Moody","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moody TW, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT (2016) Vasoactive intestinal peptide\/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, and their receptors and cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 23(1):38\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0000000000000218","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000621","volume":"28","author":"TW Moody","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moody TW, Jensen RT (2021) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide\/vasoactive intestinal peptide (Part 2): biology and clinical importance in central nervous system and inflammatory disorders. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 28(2):206\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0000000000000621","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01711-8","volume":"71","author":"TW Moody","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moody TW, Lee L, Jensen RT (2021) The G protein\u2013coupled receptor PAC1 regulates transactivation of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER3. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1589\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-020-01711-8","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1985_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12034","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12034","volume":"7","author":"T Nakamachi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakamachi T, Ohtaki H, Seki T et al (2016) PACAP suppresses dry eye signs by stimulating tear secretion. Nat Commun 7:12034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms12034","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"1985_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12102","volume":"46","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Nakamachi T, Endo K et al (2014) Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the human testis and in testicular germ cell tumors. Andrologia 46(5):465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12102","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1985_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1994.1039","volume":"58","author":"SFE Nilsson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nilsson SFE, de Neef P, Robberecht P, Christophe J (1994) Characterization of ocular receptors for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their coupling to adenylate cyclase. Exp Eye Res 58(4):459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exer.1994.1039","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1985_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-008-9077-3","volume":"36","author":"H Ohtaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohtaki H, Nakamachi T, Dohi K, Shioda S (2008) Role of PACAP in ischemic neural death. J Mol Neurosci 36(1\u20133):16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-008-9077-3","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67031293.x","volume":"67","author":"MC Olianas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Olianas MC, Ennas MG, Lampis G, Onali P (1996) Presence of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptors in Y-79 human retinoblastoma cells. J Neurochem 67(3):1293\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67031293.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69031213.x","volume":"69","author":"MC Olianas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Olianas MC, Ingianni A, Sogos V, Onali P (2002) Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors and PACAP in human fetal retina. J Neurochem 69(3):1213\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69031213.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010444","volume":"22","author":"E Postyeni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Postyeni E, Kovacs-Valasek A, Denes V et al (2021) PACAP for retinal health: model for cellular aging and rescue. Int J Mol Sci 22(1):444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22010444","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1985_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)00412-0","volume":"22","author":"D Reglodi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reglodi D, Somogyvari-Vigh A, Vigh J et al (2001) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide is highly abundant in the nervous system of anoxia-tolerant turtle. Pseudemys Scripta Elegans Peptides 22(6):873\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)00412-0","journal-title":"Pseudemys Scripta Elegans Peptides"},{"issue":"10","key":"1985_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211795589355","volume":"17","author":"D Reglodi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reglodi D, Kiss P, Lubics A, Tamas A (2011) Review on the protective effects of PACAP in models of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo. Curr Pharm Des 17(10):962\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/138161211795589355","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1985_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.10.004","volume":"155","author":"D Reglodi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reglodi D, Renaud J, Tamas A et al (2017) Novel tactics for neuroprotection in Parkinson\u2019s disease: role of antibiotics, polyphenols and neuropeptides. Prog Neurobiol 155:120\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.10.004","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"1985_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00090","volume":"9","author":"D Reglodi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reglodi D, Illes A, Opper B et al (2018) Presence and effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide under physiological and pathological conditions in the stomach. Front Endocrinol (lausanne) 9:90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00090","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (lausanne)"},{"key":"1985_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/Elife.35960","volume":"7","author":"RA Ross","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ross RA, Leon S, Madara JC et al (2018) PACAP neurons in the ventral premammillary nucleus regulate reproductive function in the female mouse. Elife 7:e35960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/Elife.35960","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7","key":"1985_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0604-4","volume":"45","author":"RA Ross","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross RA, Hoeppner SS, Hellberg SN et al (2020) Circulating PACAP peptide and PAC1R genotype as possible transdiagnostic biomarkers for anxiety disorders in women: a preliminary study. Neuropsychopharmacology 45(7):1125\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-020-0604-4","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1985_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.658990","volume":"15","author":"J Ruel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruel J, Guitton MJ, Gratias P et al (2021) Endogenous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays a protective effect against noise-induced hearing loss. Front Cell Neurosci 15:658990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.658990","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01473-y","volume":"71","author":"L Rytel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rytel L, Wojtkiewicz J, Snarska A, Miko\u0142ajczyk A (2021) Changes in the neurochemical characterization of enteric neurons in the porcine duodenum after administration of low-dose salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1556\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-019-01473-y","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030354","volume":"10","author":"N Sadanandan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadanandan N, Cozene B, Park YJ et al (2021) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: a potent therapeutic agent in oxidative stress. Antioxidants (basel) 10(3):354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10030354","journal-title":"Antioxidants (basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00869-0","volume":"238","author":"T Seki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seki T, Shioda S, Ogino D et al (1997) Distribution and ultrastructural localization of a receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and its mRNA in the rat retina. Neurosci Lett 238(3):127\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00869-0","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1985_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11205.x","volume":"865","author":"T Seki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seki T, Shioda S, Nakai Y et al (1998) Distribution and ultrastructural localization of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor in the rat retina. Ann N Y Acad Sci 865:408\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11205.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1985_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seki T, Shioda S, Izumi S et al (2000) Electron microscopic observation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-containing neurons in the rat retina. Peptides 21(1):109\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0196-9781(99)00180-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(99)00180-1"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1985_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-008-9091-5","volume":"36","author":"T Seki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seki T, Itoh H, Nakamachi T, Shioda S (2008) Suppression of ganglion cell death by PACAP following optic nerve transection in the rat. J Mol Neurosci 36(1\u20133):57\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-008-9091-5","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0316","volume":"248","author":"W Shan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shan W, Lu S, Ou B et al (2021) PACAP ameliorates the fertility of obese mice through PAC1\/PKA\/ERK\/Nrf2 signal axis. J Endocrinol 248(3):337\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-20-0316","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7842","key":"1985_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2991-4","volume":"589","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y, Stornetta DS, Reklow RJ et al (2021) A brainstem peptide system activated at birth protects postnatal breathing. Nature 589(7842):426\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2991-4","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1985_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170630","volume":"146","author":"I Shili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shili I, Hamdi Y, Marouani A et al (2021) Long-term protective effect of PACAP in a fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) model. Peptides 146:170630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170630","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"4","key":"1985_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-016-0351-0","volume":"91","author":"S Shioda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shioda S, Takenoya F, Wada N et al (2016) Pleiotropic and retinoprotective functions of PACAP. Anat Sci Int 91(4):313\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-016-0351-0","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"1985_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00221","volume":"14","author":"I Soles-Tarres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soles-Tarres I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Vaudry D, Xifro X (2020) Protective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide against cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 14:221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2020.00221","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-011-9254-y","volume":"21","author":"K Szabadfi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szabadfi K, Atlasz T, Kiss P et al (2012) Mice deficient in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are more susceptible to retinal ischemic injury in vivo. Neurotox Res 21(1):41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-011-9254-y","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"1985_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8825","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168825","volume":"22","author":"E Szabo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szabo E, Patko E, Vaczy A et al (2021) Retinoprotective effects of PACAP eye drops in microbead-induced glaucoma model in rats. Int J Mol Sci 22(16):8825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22168825","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9815-4","volume":"48","author":"Z Szanto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szanto Z, Sarszegi Z, Reglodi D et al (2012) PACAP immunoreactivity in human malignant tumor samples and cardiac diseases. J Mol Neurosci 48(3):667\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-012-9815-4","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0652-0","volume":"59","author":"A Tamas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tamas A, Javorhazy A, Reglodi D et al (2016) Examination of PACAP-like immunoreactivity in urogenital tumor samples. J Mol Neurosci 59(2):177\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-015-0652-0","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1985_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170645","volume":"146","author":"A Tamas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamas A, Toth D, Pham D et al (2021) Changes of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) level in polytrauma patients in the early post-traumatic period. Peptides 146:170645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170645","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"1985_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.05.011","volume":"232","author":"J Tiihonen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiihonen J, Koskuvi M, L\u00e4hteenvuo M et al (2021) Molecular signaling pathways underlying schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 232:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2021.05.011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Brainresrev.2006.06.002","volume":"53","author":"J Troger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Troger J, Kieselbach G, Teuchner B et al (2007) Peptidergic nerves in the eye, their source and potential pathophysiological relevance. Brain Res Rev 53(1):39\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.Brainresrev.2006.06.002","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"30","key":"1985_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180924141407","volume":"24","author":"A Vaczy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaczy A, Kovari P, Kovacs K et al (2018) Protective role of endogenous PACAP in inflammation-induced retinal degeneration. Curr Pharm Des 24(30):3534\u20133542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612824666180924141407","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1985_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105524","volume":"160","author":"C Van","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van C, Condro MC, Ko HH et al (2021) Targeted deletion of PAC1 receptors in retinal neurons enhances neuron loss and axonopathy in a model of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Neurobiol Dis 160:105524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105524","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001370","volume":"61","author":"D Vaudry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaudry D, Falluel-Morel A, Bourgault S et al (2009) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: 20 years after the discovery. Pharmacol Rev 61(3):283\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.109.001370","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.081","volume":"140","author":"V Vereczki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vereczki V, Koves K, Csaki A et al (2006) Distribution of hypothalamic, hippocampal and other limbic peptidergic neuronal cell bodies giving rise to retinopetal fibers: anterograde and retrograde tracing and neuropeptide immunohistochemical studies. Neuroscience 140(3):1089\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.081","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"1985_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.35630","volume":"15","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Z, Shan W, Li H et al (2019) The PACAP-derived peptide MPAPO facilitates corneal wound healing by promoting corneal epithelial cell proliferation and trigeminal ganglion cell axon regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 15(12):2676\u20132691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.35630","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"1985_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.665599","volume":"12","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang J, Li G et al (2021) The ADCYAP1R1 gene is correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms through diverse epistases in a traumatized Chinese population. Front Psychiatry 12:665599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.665599","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1985_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00258-K","volume":"69","author":"Z-Y Wang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wang ZY, Alm P, H\u00e5kanson R (1995) Distribution and effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the rabbit eye. Neuroscience 69(1):297\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00258-K","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"1985_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701083","volume":"120","author":"ZY Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang ZY, Waldeck K, Grundemar L, H\u00e5kanson R (1997) Ocular inflammation induced by electroconvulsive treatment: contribution of nitric oxide and neuropeptides mobilized from C-fibres. Br J Pharmacol 120(8):1491\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701083","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1985_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-014-0248-0","volume":"54","author":"J Wojcieszak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wojcieszak J, Zawilska JB (2014) PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 exert cytotoxic activity against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. J Mol Neurosci 54(3):463\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-014-0248-0","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1985_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.12.020","volume":"80","author":"K Yamaji","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamaji K, Yoshitomi T, Usui S (2005) Action of biologically active peptides on monkey iris sphincter and dilator muscles. Exp Eye Res 80(6):815\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2004.12.020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"1985_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.315988","volume":"69","author":"BM Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan BM, Depoy EMG, Ahmad A, Nahas SJ (2021) Biomarkers in migraine. Neurol India 69(Supplement):S17\u2013S24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.315988","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"1985_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.646726","volume":"13","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Zhang L, Xie J, Shi L (2021) The emerging role of neuropeptides in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 13:646726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.646726","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1985_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-020-10098-4","volume":"27","author":"H-X Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu H-X, Jin Y, Wei B-F (2021) Decreased serum pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) levels may reflect disease severity in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head. Int J Pept Res Ther 27(2):397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10989-020-10098-4","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1670652196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-022-01985-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1263299\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0895-8696","1559-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-8696","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All human sample collections were carried out according to a protocol approved by the Institutional Ethic Committee, University of Pecs (6383-PTE 2018).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}