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Therefore, there is a deep search for biomarkers that can identify brain injury. The aims of this study were to investigate the serum and brain expressions of two potential biomarkers, miR-126\/miR-146a, in a preclinical model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI)\u2013induced brain injury, and to explore their modulation during melatonin treatment. Seven-day-old rats were subjected to permanent ligation of the right carotid artery followed by 2.5 h hypoxia (HI). Melatonin (15 mg\/kg) was administered 5 min after HI. Serum and brain samples were collected 1, 6 and 24 h after HI. Results show that HI caused a significant increase in the circulating levels of both miR-126 and miR-146a during the early phase of ischemic brain damage development (i.e. 1 h), with a parallel and opposite pattern in the ischemic cerebral cortex. These effects are not observed 24 h later. Treatment with melatonin restored the HI-induced effects on miR-126\/miR-146a expressions, both in the cerebral cortex and in serum. We conclude that miR-126\/miR-146a are promising biomarkers of HI injury and demonstrate an associated change in concentration following melatonin treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-023-02155-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T07:02:37Z","timestamp":1695106957000},"page":"763-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MiR-126 and miR-146a as Melatonin-Responsive Biomarkers for Neonatal Brain Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Albertini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Vanzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serafina","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Dell\u2019Orto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Balduini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Carloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2155_CR1","first-page":"771","volume":"27","author":"D Alonso-Alconada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alonso-Alconada D, Alvarez A, Lacalle J, Hilario E (2012) Histological study of the protective effect of melatonin on neural cells after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. 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