{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:00:22Z","timestamp":1790186422863,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Programs of Sichuan Provincial Cadre Healthcare Commission","award":["2022-1501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Neurosci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:22:35Z","timestamp":1781576555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association Between Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Related Biomarkers And Parkinson\u2019s Disease Based On Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis Combined With Mendelian Randomization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoshu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026609","volume":"6","author":"N Badiola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Badiola N, de Oliveira RM, Herrera F, Guardia-Laguarta C, Gon\u00e7alves SA, Pera M et al (2011) Tau enhances \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in cellular models of synucleinopathy. PLoS ONE 6(10):e26609","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671","volume":"78","author":"AL Benedet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benedet AL, Mil\u00e0-Alom\u00e0 M, Vrillon A, Ashton NJ, Pascoal TA, Lussier F et al (2021) Differences Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum. JAMA Neurol 78(12):1471\u20131483","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12816","volume":"284","author":"K Blennow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blennow K, Zetterberg H (2018) Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current status and prospects for the future. J Intern Med 284(6):643\u2013663","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S (2016) Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator. Genet Epidemiol 40(4):304\u2013314","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.11.008","volume":"1792","author":"JM Bras","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bras JM, Singleton A (2009) Genetic susceptibility in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792(7):597\u2013603","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"2558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2572","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac048","volume":"107","author":"D Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen D, Zhang Y, Yidilisi A, Xu Y, Dong Q, Jiang J (2022) Causal Associations Between Circulating Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(6):e2572\u2013e2580","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"21","key":"2558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39194","volume":"10","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen L, Lu H, Mao L, Lin J, Liu P (2024) Unraveling the interplay of \u03b2-amyloid pathology and Parkinson\u2019s disease progression: Insights from autopsy-confirmed patients. Heliyon 10(21):e39194","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.185","volume":"19","author":"V Chouraki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chouraki V, De Bruijn RF, Chapuis J, Bis JC, Reitz C, Schraen S et al (2014) A genome-wide association meta-analysis of plasma A\u03b2 peptides concentrations in the elderly. Mol Psychiatry 19(12):1326\u20131335","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25179","volume":"83","author":"Y Chu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chu Y, Buchman AS, Olanow CW, Kordower JH (2018) Do subjects with minimal motor features have prodromal Parkinson disease? Ann Neurol 83(3):562\u2013574","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad388","volume":"147","author":"Y Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu Y, Hirst WD, Federoff HJ, Harms AS, Stoessl AJ, Kordower JH (2024) Nigrostriatal tau pathology in parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 147(2):444\u2013457","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"2558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr031","volume":"134","author":"Y Compta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Compta Y, Parkkinen L, O\u2019Sullivan SS, Vandrovcova J, Holton JL, Collins C et al (2011) Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: which is more important? Brain 134(Pt 5):1493\u20131505","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"2558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00721-x","volume":"52","author":"MR Corces","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corces MR, Shcherbina A, Kundu S, Gloudemans MJ, Fr\u00e9sard L, Granja JM et al (2020) Single-cell epigenomic analyses implicate candidate causal variants at inherited risk loci for Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Nat Genet 52(11):1158\u20131168","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12333","volume":"17","author":"V Damotte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damotte V, van der Lee SJ, Chouraki V, Grenier-Boley B, Simino J, Adams H et al (2021) Plasma amyloid \u03b2 levels are driven by genetic variants near APOE, BACE1, APP, PSEN2: A genome-wide association study in over 12,000 non-demented participants. Alzheimers Dement 17(10):1663\u20131674","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"25","key":"2558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00215","volume":"58","author":"AKR Dasari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dasari AKR, Kayed R, Wi S, Lim KH (2019) Tau Interacts with the C-Terminal Region of \u03b1-Synuclein, Promoting Formation of Toxic Aggregates with Distinct Molecular Conformations. Biochemistry 58(25):2814\u20132821","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"R1","key":"2558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G (2014) Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet 23(R1):R89\u201398","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.6","volume":"20","author":"RS Desikan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Desikan RS, Schork AJ, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Sharma M, McEvoy LK et al (2015) Genetic overlap between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease at the MAPT locus. Mol Psychiatry 20(12):1588\u20131595","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.338","volume":"3","author":"G Fairfoul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fairfoul G, McGuire LI, Pal S, Ironside JW, Neumann J, Christie S et al (2016) Alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC in the CSF of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 3(10):812\u2013818","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06637-6","volume":"51","author":"C Ferschmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferschmann C, Messerschmidt K, Gn\u00f6rich J, Barthel H, Marek K, Palleis C et al (2024) Tau accumulation is associated with dopamine deficiency in vivo in four-repeat tauopathies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 51(7):1909\u20131922","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-00154-7","volume":"7","author":"A Flores-Cuadrado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flores-Cuadrado A, Saiz-Sanchez D, Mohedano-Moriano A, Lamas-Cenjor E, Leon-Olmo V, Martinez-Marcos A et al (2021) Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7(1):11","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2558_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320106","volume":"90","author":"L Gaetani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaetani L, Blennow K, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M, Parnetti L, Zetterberg H (2019) Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90(8):870\u2013881","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01714-6","volume":"57","author":"C Ghadery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghadery C, Koshimori Y, Christopher L, Kim J, Rusjan P, Lang AE et al (2020) The Interaction Between Neuroinflammation and \u03b2-Amyloid in Cognitive Decline in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 57(1):492\u2013501","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6522","volume":"34","author":"MF Greco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greco MF, Minelli C, Sheehan NA, Thompson JR (2015) Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome. Stat Med 34(21):2926\u20132940","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00403-3","volume":"3","author":"O Hansson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hansson O, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Dage J (2023) Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in clinical practice and trials. Nat Aging 3(5):506\u2013519","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23659","volume":"72","author":"DJ Irwin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Irwin DJ, White MT, Toledo JB, Xie SX, Robinson JL, Van Deerlin V et al (2012) Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia. Ann Neurol 72(4):587\u2013598","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25811","volume":"88","author":"DJ Irwin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Irwin DJ, Fedler J, Coffey CS, Caspell-Garcia C, Kang JH, Simuni T et al (2020) Evolution of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Ann Neurol 88(3):574\u2013587","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2558_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2967","volume":"12","author":"LM Ittner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ittner LM, G\u00f6tz J (2011) Amyloid-\u03b2 and tau\u2013a toxic pas de deux in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 12(2):65\u201372","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack CR Jr., Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB et al (2018) NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement 14(4):535\u2013562","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"5","key":"2558_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-022-02454-z","volume":"144","author":"IE Jansen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jansen IE, van der Lee SJ, Gomez-Fonseca D, de Rojas I, Dalmasso MC, Grenier-Boley B et al (2022) Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer\u2019s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 144(5):821\u2013842","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1552-2","volume":"131","author":"JH Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang JH, Mollenhauer B, Coffey CS, Toledo JB, Weintraub D, Galasko DR et al (2016) CSF biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative study. Acta Neuropathol 131(6):935\u2013949","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27646","volume":"34","author":"UJ Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang UJ, Boehme AK, Fairfoul G, Shahnawaz M, Ma TC, Hutten SJ et al (2019) Comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid \u03b1-synuclein seeding aggregation assays for diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 34(4):536\u2013544","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"2558_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30071-5","volume":"19","author":"TK Karikari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karikari TK, Pascoal TA, Ashton NJ, Janelidze S, Benedet AL, Rodriguez JL et al (2020) Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from four prospective cohorts. Lancet Neurol 19(5):422\u2013433","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2558_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29564","volume":"38","author":"MA Labrador-Espinosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labrador-Espinosa MA, Silva-Rodr\u00edguez J, Reina-Castillo MI, Mir P, Grothe MJ (2023) Basal Forebrain Atrophy, Cortical Thinning, and Amyloid-\u03b2 Status in Parkinson\u2019s disease-Related Cognitive Decline. Mov Disord 38(10):1871\u20131880","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"2558_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203395","volume":"387","author":"AE Lang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lang AE, Siderowf AD, Macklin EA, Poewe W, Brooks DJ, Fernandez HH et al (2022) Trial of Cinpanemab in Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease. N Engl J Med 387(5):408\u2013420","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03120-1","volume":"21","author":"J Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin J, Ou R, Li C, Hou Y, Zhang L, Wei Q et al (2023) Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker of disease progression in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 21(1):420","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2558_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6619","volume":"332","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Pike JR, Chen J, Walker KA, Sullivan KJ, Thyagarajan B et al (2024) Changes in Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Associations With Incident All-Cause Dementia. JAMA 332(15):1258\u20131269","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2558_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15056","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.56","volume":"1","author":"CL Masters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masters CL, Bateman R, Blennow K, Rowe CC, Sperling RA, Cummings JL (2015) Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15056","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90075-2","volume":"90","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"1986","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Sarna SK, Condon RE, Cowles VE, Frantzides C (1986) Differential sensitivities of morphine and motilin to initiate migrating motor complex in isolated intestinal segments. Regeneration of intrinsic nerves. Gastroenterology 90(1):61\u201367","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2558_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27806","volume":"34","author":"B Mollenhauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mollenhauer B, Caspell-Garcia CJ, Coffey CS, Taylor P, Singleton A, Shaw LM et al (2019) Longitudinal analyses of cerebrospinal fluid \u03b1-Synuclein in prodromal and early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 34(9):1354\u20131364","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"2558_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28206","volume":"35","author":"B Mollenhauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mollenhauer B, Dakna M, Kruse N, Galasko D, Foroud T, Zetterberg H et al (2020) Validation of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Progression. Mov Disord 35(11):1999\u20132008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"2558_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11120-z","volume":"269","author":"F Nabizadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nabizadeh F, Pirahesh K, Valizadeh P (2022) REM sleep behavior disorder and cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein, amyloid beta, total tau and phosphorylated tau in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Neurol 269(9):4836\u20134845","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-023-02251-9","volume":"123","author":"F Nabizadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nabizadeh F, Sodeifian F, Kargar A (2023) Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein, amyloid beta, total tau, and phosphorylated tau in tremor-dominant Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neurol Belg 123(4):1429\u20131437","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2558_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3043","volume":"46","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nalls MA, Pankratz N, Lill CM, Do CB, Hernandez DG, Saad M et al (2014) Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 46(9):989\u2013993","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","volume":"18","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C, Vallerga CL, Heilbron K, Bandres-Ciga S, Chang D et al (2019) Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet Neurol 18(12):1091\u20131102","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2558_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac171","volume":"145","author":"L Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan L, Li C, Meng L, Tian Y, He M, Yuan X et al (2022) Tau accelerates \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and spreading in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 145(10):3454\u20133471","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2558_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00053","volume":"6","author":"L Parnetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parnetti L, Farotti L, Eusebi P, Chiasserini D, De Carlo C, Giannandrea D et al (2014) Differential role of CSF alpha-synuclein species, tau, and A\u03b242 in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 6:53","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2558_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30024-9","volume":"18","author":"L Parnetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parnetti L, Gaetani L, Eusebi P, Paciotti S, Hansson O, El-Agnaf O et al (2019) CSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol 18(6):573\u2013586","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0333-7","volume":"16","author":"C Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng C, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM (2020) Protein transmission in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurol 16(4):199\u2013212","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2558_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26191","volume":"30","author":"M Petrou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrou M, Dwamena BA, Foerster BR, MacEachern MP, Bohnen NI, M\u00fcller ML et al (2015) Amyloid deposition in Parkinson\u2019s disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Mov Disord 30(7):928\u2013935","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"2558_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt084","volume":"178","author":"BL Pierce","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pierce BL, Burgess S (2013) Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators. Am J Epidemiol 178(7):1177\u20131184","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03287-y","volume":"5","author":"C Sarnowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarnowski C, Ghanbari M, Bis JC, Logue M, Fornage M, Mishra A et al (2022) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ancestry-specific associations underlying circulating total tau levels. Commun Biol 5(1):336","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.485","volume":"41","author":"W Satake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satake W, Nakabayashi Y, Mizuta I, Hirota Y, Ito C, Kubo M et al (2009) Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 41(12):1303\u20131307","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20723","volume":"59","author":"JA Schneider","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider JA, Li JL, Li Y, Wilson RS, Kordower JH, Bennett DA (2006) Substantia nigra tangles are related to gait impairment in older persons. Ann Neurol 59(1):166\u2013173","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2558_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60525-3","volume":"264","author":"LA Selden","year":"1989","unstructured":"Selden LA, Estes JE, Gershman LC (1989) High affinity divalent cation binding to actin. Effect of low affinity salt binding. J Biol Chem 264(16):9271\u20139277","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"2558_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.487","volume":"41","author":"J Sim\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez J, Schulte C, Bras JM, Sharma M, Gibbs JR, Berg D et al (2009) Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 41(12):1308\u20131312","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab446","volume":"145","author":"S Smaji\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smaji\u0107 S, Prada-Medina CA, Landoulsi Z, Ghelfi J, Delcambre S, Dietrich C et al (2022) Single-cell sequencing of human midbrain reveals glial activation and a Parkinson-specific neuronal state. Brain 145(3):964\u2013978","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh132","volume":"33","author":"GD Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith GD, Ebrahim S (2004) Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations. Int J Epidemiol 33(1):30\u201342","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2558_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac128","volume":"146","author":"J Stevenson-Hoare","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stevenson-Hoare J, Heslegrave A, Leonenko G, Fathalla D, Bellou E, Luckcuck L et al (2023) Plasma biomarkers and genetics in the diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 146(2):690\u2013699","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2558_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28342","volume":"36","author":"MMX Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan MMX, Lawton MA, Jabbari E, Reynolds RH, Iwaki H, Blauwendraat C et al (2021) Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cognitive and Motor Progression in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Mov Disord 36(2):424\u2013433","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"2558_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","volume":"124","author":"OB Tysnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tysnes OB, Storstein A (2017) Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 124(8):901\u2013905","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"2558_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.12.018","volume":"24","author":"G Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang G, Huang Y, Chen W, Chen S, Wang Y, Xiao Q et al (2016) Variants in the SNCA gene associate with motor progression while variants in the MAPT gene associate with the severity of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 24:89\u201394","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"2558_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-025-01849-9","volume":"21","author":"Q Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang S et al (2025) Quantitative chemoproteomics reveals dopamine\u2019s protective modification of Tau. Nat Chem Biol 21(9):1341\u20131350","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12856-6","volume":"272","author":"F Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu F, Huang H, Feng J, Shen Q, Bao Y, Zhang D et al (2024) Cerebrospinal fluid tau and disease progression in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: an 8-year longitudinal study. J Neurol 272(1):61","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2558_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808832","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.808832","volume":"13","author":"KJ Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin KJ, Huang JX, Wang P, Yang XK, Tao SS, Li HM et al (2022) No Genetic Causal Association Between Periodontitis and Arthritis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Immunol 13:808832","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2558_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009789","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1009789","volume":"13","author":"L Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu L, Shen N, Shi Y, Shi X, Fu X, Li S et al (2022) Characterization of cancer-related fibroblasts (CAF) in hepatocellular carcinoma and construction of CAF-based risk signature based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Front Immunol 13:1009789","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:03:01Z","timestamp":1790182981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02558-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Relevant data were obtained from publicly available databases and therefore did not require ethical approval.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors agree to publish this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"105"}}