{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:00:35Z","timestamp":1790186435244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82501527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82501527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82171259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82171259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025QC854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025QC854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Neurosci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T03:35:59Z","timestamp":1783308959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postoperative Impairment of GluA2 Trafficking in CA3 Induces Memory Consolidation Deficits in Aged Mice by Disrupting SPW-R in CA1"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Zi-Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Nan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.12.006","volume":"22","author":"V Anggono","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anggono V, Huganir RL (2012) Regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 22(3):461\u2013469","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"42","key":"2565_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14641","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2173-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"RM Barrientos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barrientos RM, Hein AM, Frank MG, Watkins LR, Maier SF (2012) Intracisternal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents postoperative cognitive decline and neuroinflammatory response in aged rats. J Neurosci 32(42):14641\u201314648","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5752","key":"2565_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116894","volume":"310","author":"K Brebner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brebner K, Wong TP, Liu L, Liu Y, Campsall P, Gray S, Phelps L, Phillips AG, Wang YT (2005) Nucleus accumbens long-term depression and the expression of behavioral sensitization. Science 310(5752):1340\u20131343","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"2565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22488","volume":"25","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G (2015) Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning. Hippocampus 25(10):1073\u20131188","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"8","key":"2565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.07.027","volume":"34","author":"X-Z Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao X-Z, Ma H, Wang J-K, Liu F, Wu B-Y, Tian AY, Wang L-L, Tan W-F (2010) Postoperative cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus triggered by surgical trauma are exacerbated in aged rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34(8):1426\u20131432","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010111","author":"Y-Y Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao Y-Y, Wu L-L, Li X-N, Yuan Y-L, Zhao W-W, Qi J-X, Zhao X-Y, Ward N, Wang J (2023) Molecular mechanisms of AMPA receptor trafficking in the nervous system. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25010111","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00026-X","volume":"169","author":"N Caza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Caza N, Taha R, Qi Y, Blaise G (2008) The effects of surgery and anesthesia on memory and cognition. Prog Brain Res 169:409\u2013422","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2565_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.2312711","volume":"18","author":"BN Cazakoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cazakoff BN, Howland JG (2011) AMPA receptor endocytosis in rat perirhinal cortex underlies retrieval of object memory. Learn Mem 18(11):688\u2013692","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2565_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00401","volume":"8","author":"TE Chater","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chater TE, Goda Y (2014) The role of AMPA receptors in postsynaptic mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 8:401","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23801-w","volume":"12","author":"O Chaudry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudry O, Ndukwe K, Xie L, Figueiredo-Pereira M, Serrano P, Rockwell P (2022) Females exhibit higher GluA2 levels and outperform males in active place avoidance despite increased amyloid plaques in TgF344-Alzheimer\u2019s rats. Sci Rep 12(1):19129","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.120257","volume":"39","author":"FY Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi FY, Ahn S, Wang YT, Phillips AG (2014) Interference with AMPA receptor endocytosis: effects on behavioural and neurochemical correlates of amphetamine sensitization in male rats. J Psychiatry Neurosci 39(3):189\u2013199","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"issue":"44","key":"2565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9318","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2119-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"D Choquet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choquet D (2018) Linking Nanoscale Dynamics of AMPA Receptor Organization to Plasticity of Excitatory Synapses and Learning. J Neurosci 38(44):9318\u20139329","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22082","volume":"68","author":"M Cibelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cibelli M, Fidalgo AR, Terrando N, Ma D, Monaco C, Feldmann M, Takata M, Lever IJ, Nanchahal J, Fanselow MS, Maze M (2010) Role of interleukin-1beta in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Ann Neurol 68(3):360\u2013368","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279029","volume":"599","author":"SG Cull-Candy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M (2021) Ca2+ -permeable AMPA receptors and their auxiliary subunits in synaptic plasticity and disease. J Physiol 599(10):2655\u20132671","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.05.012","volume":"16","author":"S Cull-Candy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cull-Candy S, Kelly L, Farrant M (2006) Regulation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors: synaptic plasticity and beyond. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16(3):288\u2013297","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513494457","volume":"28","author":"JC de la Torre","year":"2013","unstructured":"de la Torre JC (2013) Vascular risk factors: a ticking time bomb to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 28(6):551\u2013559","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-024-01529-7","volume":"45","author":"CAM de Le\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Le\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez CAM, Carretero-Rey M, Khan ZU (2025) AMPA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory Function, and Brain Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 45(1):14","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762","volume":"11","author":"S Diekelmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diekelmann S, Born J (2010) The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 11(2):114\u2013126","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.018","volume":"100","author":"GH Diering","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diering GH, Huganir RL (2018) The AMPA Receptor Code of Synaptic Plasticity. Neuron 100(2):314\u2013329","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR20","first-page":"742","volume":"80","author":"Y Dudai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dudai Y, Morris RGM (2013) Memorable trends Neuron 80(3):742\u2013750","journal-title":"Memorable trends Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.004","volume":"88","author":"Y Dudai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dudai Y, Karni A, Born J (2015) The Consolidation and Transformation of Memory. Neuron 88(1):20\u201332","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2565_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ecker A, Bagi B, V\u00e9rtes E, Steinbach-N\u00e9meth O, Karl\u00f3cai MR, Papp OI, Mikl\u00f3s I, H\u00e1jos N, Freund TF, Guly\u00e1s AI, K\u00e1li S (2022) Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3. Elife 11","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71850"},{"key":"2565_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ego-Stengel V, Wilson MA (2010) Disruption of ripple-associated hippocampal activity during rest impairs spatial learning in the rat. Hippocampus 20(1)","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20707"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42969-x","volume":"14","author":"H El Oussini","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Oussini H, Zhang C-L, Fran\u00e7ois U, Castelli C, Lampin-Saint-Amaux A, Lepleux M, Molle P, Velez L, Dejean C, Lanore F, Herry C, Choquet D, Humeau Y (2023) CA3 hippocampal synaptic plasticity supports ripple physiology during memory consolidation. Nat Commun 14(1):8312","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31821b1aab","volume":"114","author":"LA Evered","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evered LA, Silbert BS, Scott DA, Maruff P, Ames D, Choong PF (2011) Preexisting cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment in subjects presenting for total hip joint replacement. Anesthesiology 114(6):1297\u20131304","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2565_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.087","volume":"121","author":"L Evered","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS, Oh ES, Crosby G, Berger M, Eckenhoff RG (2018) Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. Br J Anaesth 121(5):1005\u20131012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2565_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111433","volume":"229","author":"Z-S Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng Z-S, Wu J-N, Wang G-C, Xu Z-Q, Guo Y-J, Hao S-Y, Wang G-M, Zhang M-Y (2025) Postoperative loss of perineuronal nets in the hippocampal CA1 region results in memory consolidation deficits. Brain Res Bull 229:111433","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"6445","key":"2565_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0758","volume":"364","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz A, Oliva A, Fermino de Oliveira E, Rocha-Almeida F, Tingley D, Buzs\u00e1ki G (2019) Long-duration hippocampal sharp wave ripples improve memory. Science 364(6445):1082\u20131086","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2565_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.013","volume":"27","author":"MG Frank","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frank MG, Barrientos RM, Biedenkapp JC, Rudy JW, Watkins LR, Maier SF (2006) mRNA up-regulation of MHC II and pivotal pro-inflammatory genes in normal brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 27(5):717\u2013722","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.02.005","volume":"21","author":"G Girardeau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Girardeau G, Zugaro M (2011) Hippocampal ripples and memory consolidation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21(3):452\u2013459","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8\u201310","key":"2565_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004","volume":"32","author":"I Goshen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goshen I, Kreisel T, Ounallah-Saad H, Renbaum P, Zalzstein Y, Ben-Hur T, Levy-Lahad E, Yirmiya R (2007) A dual role for interleukin-1 in hippocampal-dependent memory processes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32(8\u201310):1106\u20131115","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-025-02380-1","volume":"75","author":"S Hao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hao S, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wu J, Xu Z, Li J, Wang G (2025) Gamma Oscillation Disruption Induced By Microglial Activation Contributes to Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Aged Mice. J Mol Neurosci 75(3):97","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"21","key":"2565_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0605-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"Y Hara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hara Y, Punsoni M, Yuk F, Park CS, Janssen WGM, Rapp PR, Morrison JH (2012) Synaptic distributions of GluA2 and PKM\u03b6 in the monkey dentate gyrus and their relationships with aging and memory. J Neurosci 32(21):7336\u20137344","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115801","volume":"44","author":"SS Harris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harris SS, Rajani RM, Z\u00fcnkler J, Ellingford R, Yang M, Rowland JM, Schmidt A, Lee BI, Kehring M, Hellmuth M, Lam FKW, F\u00e4ssler D, Erdinger S, Wolfer DP, Sala Frigerio C, Wolf F, Hyman BT, M\u00fcller UC, Busche MA (2025) The amyloid precursor family of proteins in excitatory neurons are essential for regulating cortico-hippocampal circuit dynamics in vivo. Cell Rep 44(6):115801","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.1\/jhenley","volume":"15","author":"JM Henley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henley JM, Wilkinson KA (2013) AMPA receptor trafficking and the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and cognitive aging. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 15(1):11\u201327","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.37","volume":"17","author":"JM Henley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henley JM, Wilkinson KA (2016) Synaptic AMPA receptor composition in development, plasticity and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 17(6):337\u2013350","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.057","volume":"158","author":"H Hirling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirling H (2008) Endosomal trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Neuroscience 158(1):36\u201344","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2565_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.02.002","volume":"38","author":"IB Hovens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hovens IB, Schoemaker RG, van der Zee EA, Absalom AR, Heineman E, van Leeuwen BL (2014) Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Involvement of neuroinflammation and neuronal functioning. Brain Behav Immun 38:202\u2013210","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.025","volume":"80","author":"RL Huganir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huganir RL, Nicoll RA (2013) AMPARs and synaptic plasticity: the last 25 years. Neuron 80(3):704\u2013717","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008","volume":"80","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iadecola C (2013) The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron 80(4):844\u2013866","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"10","key":"2565_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01369-5","volume":"31","author":"J Ivica","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ivica J, Kejzar N, Ho H, Stockwell I, Kuchtiak V, Scrutton AM, Nakagawa T, Greger IH (2024) Proton-triggered rearrangement of the AMPA receptor N-terminal domains impacts receptor kinetics and synaptic localization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 31(10):1601\u20131613","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.007","volume":"70","author":"AC Jackson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jackson AC, Nicoll RA (2011) The expanding social network of ionotropic glutamate receptors: TARPs and other transmembrane auxiliary subunits. Neuron 70(2):178\u2013199","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2565_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)63006-4","volume":"163","author":"DB Jaffe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jaffe DB, Guti\u00e9rrez R (2007) Mossy fiber synaptic transmission: communication from the dentate gyrus to area CA3. Prog Brain Res 163:109\u2013132","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201590","volume":"81","author":"M-H Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji M-H, He X, Shen J-C, Yang J-J (2021) Aging-Related Neural Disruption Might Predispose to Postoperative Cognitive Impairment Following Surgical Trauma. J Alzheimers Dis 81(4):1685\u20131699","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01545-8","volume":"27","author":"L Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin L, Sullivan HA, Zhu M, Lavin TK, Matsuyama M, Fu X, Lea NE, Xu R, Hou Y, Rutigliani L, Pruner M, Babcock KR, Ip JPK, Hu M, Daigle TL, Zeng H, Sur M, Feng G, Wickersham IR (2024) Long-term labeling and imaging of synaptically connected neuronal networks in vivo using double-deletion-mutant rabies viruses. Nat Neurosci 27(2):373\u2013383","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2565_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0077-1","volume":"19","author":"HR Joo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joo HR, Frank LM (2018) The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation. Nat Rev Neurosci 19(12):744\u2013757","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54530-5","volume":"15","author":"DJ Kareemo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kareemo DJ, Winborn CS, Olah SS, Miller CN, Kim J, Kadgien CA, Actor-Engel HS, Ramsay HJ, Ramsey AM, Aoto J, Kennedy MJ (2024) Genetically encoded intrabody probes for labeling and manipulating AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Nat Commun 15(1):10374","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2565_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keren-Shaul H, Spinrad A, Weiner A, Matcovitch-Natan O, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Ulland TK, David E, Baruch K, Lara-Astaiso D, Toth B, Itzkovitz S, Colonna M, Schwartz M, Amit I (2017) A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Cell 169(7).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018"},{"issue":"6361","key":"2565_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6203","volume":"358","author":"D Khodagholy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khodagholy D, Gelinas JN, Buzs\u00e1ki G (2017) Learning-enhanced coupling between ripple oscillations in association cortices and hippocampus. Science 358(6361):369\u2013372","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"2565_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0467-3","volume":"22","author":"JG Klinzing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klinzing JG, Niethard N, Born J (2019) Mechanisms of systems memory consolidation during sleep. Nat Neurosci 22(10):1598\u20131610","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2565_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13873","volume":"28","author":"H Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong H, Xu L-M, Wang D-X (2022) Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 28(8):1147\u20131167","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2565_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraeuter A-K, Guest PC, Sarnyai Z (2019) The Open Field Test for Measuring Locomotor Activity and Anxiety-Like Behavior. Methods Mol Biol 1916","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_9"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01641","volume":"36","author":"S Kuroki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuroki S, Mizuseki K (2024) CA3 Circuit Model Compressing Sequential Information in Theta Oscillation and Replay. Neural Comput 36(4):501\u2013548","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"2565_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2022.01.011","volume":"149","author":"AJ Larner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larner AJ (2022) Transient global amnesia: Model, mechanism, hypothesis. Cortex 149:137\u2013147","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2565_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00262","volume":"7","author":"C Le Duigou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Duigou C, Simonnet J, Tele\u00f1czuk MT, Fricker D, Miles R (2014) Recurrent synapses and circuits in the CA3 region of the hippocampus: an associative network. Front Cell Neurosci 7:262","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02483-1","volume":"19","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chu JMT, Ran Y, Zhang Y, Chang RCC, Wong GTC (2022) Prehabilitative resistance exercise reduces neuroinflammation and improves mitochondrial health in aged mice with perioperative neurocognitive disorders. J Neuroinflammation 19(1):150","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.02.027","volume":"62","author":"W Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu W, Shi Y, Jackson AC, Bjorgan K, During MJ, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH, Nicoll RA (2009) Subunit composition of synaptic AMPA receptors revealed by a single-cell genetic approach. Neuron 62(2):254\u2013268","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8062","key":"2565_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08736-2","volume":"641","author":"F Miguez-Cabello","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miguez-Cabello F, Wang X-T, Yan Y, Brake N, Alexander RPD, Perozzo AM, Khadra A, Bowie D (2025) GluA2-containing AMPA receptors form a continuum of Ca2+-permeable channels. Nature 641(8062):537\u2013544","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9106","key":"2565_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07382-0","volume":"351","author":"JT Moller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, Houx P, Rasmussen H, Canet J, Rabbitt P, Jolles J, Larsen K, Hanning CD, Langeron O, Johnson T, Lauven PM, Kristensen PA, Biedler A, van Beem H, Fraidakis O, Silverstein JH, Beneken JE, Gravenstein JS (1998) Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Lancet 351(9106):857\u2013861","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e","volume":"108","author":"TG Monk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Monk TG, Weldon BC, Garvan CW, Dede DE, van der Aa MT, Heilman KM, Gravenstein JS (2008) Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 108(1):18\u201330","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.05.013","volume":"62","author":"T Nakashiba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakashiba T, Buhl DL, McHugh TJ, Tonegawa S (2009) Hippocampal CA3 output is crucial for ripple-associated reactivation and consolidation of memory. Neuron 62(6):781\u2013787","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"suppl1","key":"2565_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i115","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex354","volume":"119","author":"MJ Needham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Needham MJ, Webb CE, Bryden DC (2017) Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do. Br J Anaesth 119(suppl1):i115\u2013i125","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00023","volume":"106","author":"S Newman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Newman S, Stygall J, Hirani S, Shaefi S, Maze M (2007) Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology 106(3):572\u2013590","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.10.037","volume":"49","author":"J O\u2019Neill","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill J, Senior T, Csicsvari J (2006) Place-selective firing of CA1 pyramidal cells during sharp wave\/ripple network patterns in exploratory behavior. Neuron 49(1):143\u2013155","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7833","key":"2565_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2758-y","volume":"587","author":"A Oliva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oliva A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz A, Leroy F, Siegelbaum SA (2020) Hippocampal CA2 sharp-wave ripples reactivate and promote social memory. Nature 587(7833):264\u2013269","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2565_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S, Lee J, Rashid AJ, Yan C, Mercaldo V, Jacob AD, Jung JH, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA (2025) Molecular mechanisms mediating engram ensemble retrievability state in mice. Neuron 114(2)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.09.040"},{"key":"2565_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103831","volume":"86","author":"J Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng J, Cai Z, Ouyang P, Lin S, Zhang S, Liang D, Feng Z, Chen C, Ye X, Song G, Zhang Z (2025) GluA2 palmitoylation by SELENOK modulates AMPAR assembly and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Redox Biol 86:103831","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"7672","key":"2565_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23658","volume":"549","author":"AC Penn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Penn AC, Zhang CL, Georges F, Royer L, Breillat C, Hosy E, Petersen JD, Humeau Y, Choquet D (2017) Hippocampal LTP and contextual learning require surface diffusion of AMPA receptors. Nature 549(7672):384\u2013388","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2565_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23412","volume":"32","author":"C Penner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Penner C, Minxha J, Chandravadia N, Mamelak AN, Rutishauser U (2022) Properties and hemispheric differences of theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. Hippocampus 32(5):335\u2013341","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2565_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2012","volume":"93","author":"B Rasch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasch B, Born J (2013) About sleep\u2019s role in memory. Physiol Rev 93(2):681\u2013766","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4543","volume":"20","author":"L Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roux L, Hu B, Eichler R, Stark E, Buzs\u00e1ki G (2017) Sharp wave ripples during learning stabilize the hippocampal spatial map. Nat Neurosci 20(6):845\u2013853","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2565_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00752","volume":"9","author":"SA Safavynia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safavynia SA, Goldstein PA (2019) The Role of Neuroinflammation in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Moving From Hypothesis to Treatment. Front Psychiatry 9:752","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2565_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sammons RP, Vezir M, Moreno-Velasquez L, Cano G, Orlando M, Sievers M, Grasso E, Metodieva VD, Kempter R, Schmidt H, Schmitz D (2024) Structure and function of the hippocampal CA3 module. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121(6), e2312281120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2312281120"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000671","volume":"122","author":"B Silbert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silbert B, Evered L, Scott DA, McMahon S, Choong P, Ames D, Maruff P, Jamrozik K (2015) Preexisting cognitive impairment is associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction after hip joint replacement surgery. Anesthesiology 122(6):1224\u20131234","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021667","volume":"7","author":"LR Squire","year":"2015","unstructured":"Squire LR, Dede AJO (2015) Conscious and unconscious memory systems. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7(3):a021667","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2565_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steadman PE, Xia F, Ahmed M, Mocle AJ, Penning ARA, Geraghty AC, Steenland HW, Monje M, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW (2019) Disruption of Oligodendrogenesis Impairs Memory Consolidation in Adult Mice. Neuron 105(1)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318195b569","volume":"110","author":"J Steinmetz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steinmetz J, Christensen KB, Lund T, Lohse N, Rasmussen LS (2009) Long-term consequences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Anesthesiology 110(3):548\u2013555","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02404-5","volume":"29","author":"J-W Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan J-W, An JJ, Deane H, Xu H, Liao G-Y, Xu B (2024) Neurotrophin-3 from the dentate gyrus supports postsynaptic sites of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses and hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. Mol Psychiatry 29(4):1192\u20131204","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"47","key":"2565_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014557107","volume":"107","author":"N Terrando","year":"2010","unstructured":"Terrando N, Monaco C, Ma D, Foxwell BMJ, Feldmann M, Maze M (2010a) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(47):20518\u201320522","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R88","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9019","volume":"14","author":"N Terrando","year":"2010","unstructured":"Terrando N, Fidalgo R, Vizcaychipi A, Cibelli M, Ma M, Monaco D, Feldmann C, Maze M, M (2010b) The impact of IL-1 modulation on the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction. Crit Care 14(3):R88","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2565_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22664","volume":"70","author":"N Terrando","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terrando N, Eriksson LI, Ryu JK, Yang T, Monaco C, Feldmann M, Fagerlund J, Charo M, Akassoglou IF, Maze K, M (2011) Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 70(6):986\u2013995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2565_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldt006","volume":"106","author":"S Vacas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vacas S, Degos V, Feng X, Maze M (2013) The neuroinflammatory response of postoperative cognitive decline. Br Med Bull 106(1):161\u2013178","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"2565_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00007","volume":"106","author":"Y Wan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wan Y, Xu J, Ma D, Zeng Y, Cibelli M, Maze M (2007) Postoperative impairment of cognitive function in rats: a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus. Anesthesiology 106(3):436\u2013443","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2565_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116080","volume":"44","author":"JF Watson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watson JF, Vargas-Barroso V, Jonas P (2025) Cell-specific wiring routes information flow through hippocampal CA3. Cell Rep 44(8):116080","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"2565_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.282889","volume":"594","author":"J Witton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witton J, Staniaszek LE, Bartsch U, Randall AD, Jones MW, Brown JT (2015) Disrupted hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated spike dynamics in a transgenic mouse model of dementia. J Physiol 594(16):4615\u20134630","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2565_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114385","volume":"365","author":"J Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu J, Guo Y, Li W, Zhang Z, Li X, Zhang Q, Du Q, Niu X, Liu X, Wang G (2023) Microglial priming induced by loss of Mef2C contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Exp Neurol 365:114385","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2565_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03766","volume":"4","author":"Z Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu Z, Dong Y, Wang H, Culley DJ, Marcantonio ER, Crosby G, Tanzi RE, Zhang Y, Xie Z (2014) Age-dependent postoperative cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-related neuropathology in mice. Sci Rep 4:3766","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2565_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525230","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1525230","volume":"19","author":"M Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu M, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wang D, Zheng X (2025) Serum-derived exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for postoperative delirium. Front Neurosci 19:1525230","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2565_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01713-4","volume":"27","author":"C Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan C, Mercaldo V, Jacob AD, Kramer E, Mocle A, Ramsaran AI, Tran L, Rashid AJ, Park S, Insel N, Redish AD, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA (2024) Higher-order interactions between hippocampal CA1 neurons are disrupted in amnestic mice. Nat Neurosci 27(9):1794\u20131804","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2565_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591003","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2025.1591003","volume":"19","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y, Sun X (2025) Regulation of sharp wave-ripples by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons and parvalbumin-expressing basket cells in the hippocampal CA3 region. Front Comput Neurosci 19:1591003","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2565_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000352","volume":"121","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang J, Tan H, Jiang W, Zuo Z (2014) Amantadine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction possibly by increasing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in rats. Anesthesiology 121(4):773\u2013785","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"24","key":"2565_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9890","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204398","volume":"14","author":"J Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao J, Zhang W, Wang S, Li Z, Huang Y, Li L (2022) Sevoflurane-induced POCD-associated exosomes delivered miR-584-5p regulates the growth of human microglia HMC3 cells through targeting BDNF. Aging 14(24):9890\u20139907","journal-title":"Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:03:18Z","timestamp":1790182998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02565-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-1166","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (ARRIVE guidelines) under the approval of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University (Approval No. 2023\u2009\u2212\u2009134).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Clinical Trial Number<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"110"}}