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Currently, the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage and metastatic oral melanoma are limited. A promising treatment option is oncolytic viral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate novel therapies for malignant melanoma using a canine model. Oral melanoma, which frequently occurs in dogs is used as a model for human melanoma, was isolated and cultured and used for the evaluation of the tumor lytic effect induced by viral infection. We constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) that promotes the extracellular release of IFN\u03b3 from the virus-infected melanoma. The expression of oncolytic and apoptosis-related genes, the immune response by lymphocytes, and IFN\u03b3 expression were evaluated in virus-infected melanoma cells. The results showed that the rate of rNDV infection varied according to the isolated melanoma cells and the oncolytic effect differed between melanoma cells owing to the infectivity of the virus. The oncolytic effect tended to be greater for the IFN\u03b3-expressing virus than for the GFP-expressing prototype virus. Additionally, lymphocytes co-cultured with the virus showed induced expression of Th1 cytokines. Therefore, recombinant NDV expressing IFN\u03b3 is expected to induce cellular immunity and oncolytic activity. This oncolytic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment once evaluated using clinical samples from humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-02002-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T08:04:27Z","timestamp":1680768267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Investigation of oncolytic effect of recombinant Newcastle disease virus in primary and metastatic oral melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supaporn","family":"Numpadit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2110","volume":"8","author":"Y Fujisawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujisawa Y, Yoshikawa S, Minagawa A, Takenouchi T, Yokota K, Uchi H, Noma N, Nakamura Y, Asai J, Kato J, Fujiwara S, Fukushima S, Uehara J, Hoashi T, Kaji T, Fujimura T, Namikawa K, Yoshioka M, Murao N, Ogata D, Matsuyama K, Hatta N, Shibayama Y, Fujiyama T, Ishikawa M, Yamada D, Kishi A, Nakamura Y, Shimiauchi T, Fujii K, Fujimoto M, Ihn H, Katoh N. 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The recombinant virus construction and use study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee (Approval No.214). This study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee in accordance with the guidelines for the management of experimental animals at Dairy Gakuen University (Approval No.: VH21B9).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Ethics Committee review and approval were obtained for research using PBMCs derived from animals (dogs). No human or clinical sample was used in this study. Recombinant virus construction experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology and with the approval of the Ethics Committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human and\/or animal participants"}}],"article-number":"138"}}