{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:13:45Z","timestamp":1792815225309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"\"Pioneer\" and \"Leading Goose\" R&D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2025C02099 and 2025C02100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C02099 and 2025C02100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T12:24:31Z","timestamp":1753100671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrating scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics to explore the implication of G6PD on immune microenvironment in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Hongsen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR1","first-page":"12","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA: A Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12\u201349.","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"2943_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.111919","volume":"134","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, He X, Yang L, Yang F, et al. Trim45: an emerging E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Cell Signal. 2025;134: 111919.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2943_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0553","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0553","volume":"7","author":"K Ganesan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ganesan K, Xu C, Wu S, et al. Ononin inhibits tumor bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis by targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in breast cancer. Research. 2024;7:0553.","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"2943_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13697","volume":"57","author":"J Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie J, Yang A, Liu Q, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated the landscape of breast cancer brain metastases and identified ILF2 as a potential therapeutic target. Cell Prolif. 2024;57(11): e13697.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"9","key":"2943_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2499-2","volume":"67","author":"K Ganesan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ganesan K, Xu C, Wu J, et al. Ononin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer lung metastasis by targeting the EGFR-mediated PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. Sci China Life Sci. 2024;67(9):1849\u201366.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"10125","key":"2943_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","volume":"391","author":"C Allemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000\u201314 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018;391(10125):1023\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2943_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00462-9","volume":"22","author":"C Duggan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duggan C, Trapani D, Ilbawi AM, et al. National health system characteristics, breast cancer stage at diagnosis, and breast cancer mortality: a population-based analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(11):1632\u201342.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0466-3","volume":"10","author":"X Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu X, Huang W, Fan M. Emerging therapies for breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10(1):98.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2943_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq008","volume":"102","author":"M de Boer","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Boer M, van Dijck JAAM, Bult P, et al. Breast cancer prognosis and occult lymph node metastases, isolated tumor cells, and micrometastases. JNCI J Nat Cancer Inst. 2010;102(6):410\u201325.","journal-title":"JNCI J Nat Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2943_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142277","volume":"308","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sun F, Cao H, et al. UBA protein family: an emerging set of E1 ubiquitin ligases in cancer-A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;308(Pt 2): 142277.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2943_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500722","author":"J Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie J, Liu W, Deng X, et al. Paracrine orchestration of tumor microenvironment remodeling induced by GLO1 potentiates lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Adv Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202500722.","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"issue":"6487","key":"2943_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw5473","volume":"368","author":"B Faubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faubert B, Solmonson A, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. Science. 2020;368(6487):5473.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR13","first-page":"34","volume":"10","author":"YQ Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li YQ, Sun FZ, Li CX, et al. RARRES2 regulates lipid metabolic reprogramming to mediate the development of brain metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Mil Med Res. 2023;10(1):34.","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01105-2","volume":"14","author":"Y Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei Y, Tang R, Xu J, et al. Applications of single-cell sequencing in cancer research: progress and perspectives. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):91.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2943_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-021-00355-6","volume":"10","author":"K Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu K, Wang R, Xie H, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell heterogeneity and transcriptome profile of breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Oncogenesis. 2021;10(10):66.","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2943_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063042","volume":"23","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed R, Zaman T, Chowdhury F, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics of cancer tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(6):3042.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7871","key":"2943_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03634-9","volume":"596","author":"A Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rao A, Barkley D, Franca GS, Yanai I. Exploring tissue architecture using spatial transcriptomics. Nature. 2021;596(7871):211\u201320.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"2943_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00911-1","volume":"53","author":"SZ Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu SZ, Al-Eryani G, Roden DL, et al. A single-cell and spatially resolved atlas of human breast cancers. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1334\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2943_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2499","volume":"13","author":"CR Reczek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reczek CR, Birsoy K, Kong H, et al. A CRISPR screen identifies a pathway required for paraquat-induced cell death. Nat Chem Biol. 2017;13(12):1274\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2943_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.81099","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Luan Q, Hao W, et al. NOX4-derived ROS regulates aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer through YAP pathway. J Cancer. 2023;14(13):2562\u201373.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2943_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.06.001","volume":"38","author":"JD Hayes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2020;38(2):167\u201397.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"2943_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.06.005","volume":"39","author":"KC Patra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patra KC, Hay N. The pentose phosphate pathway and cancer. Trends Biochem Sci. 2014;39(8):347\u201354.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"2943_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7062517","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7062517","volume":"2017","author":"YJ Cha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cha YJ, Jung WH, Koo JS. Differential site-based expression of pentose phosphate pathway-related proteins among breast cancer metastases. Dis Markers. 2017;2017:7062517.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/genes1030413","volume":"1","author":"A Borchers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borchers A, Pieler T. Programming pluripotent precursor cells derived from Xenopus embryos to generate specific tissues and organs. Genes (Basel). 2010;1(3):413\u201326.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16614","volume":"290","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Zheng F, Zhang Y, et al. Targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 6-AN induces ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in breast cancer. FEBS J. 2022;290(3):763\u201379.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0733-0","volume":"13","author":"H Pu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pu H, Zhang Q, Zhao C, et al. Overexpression of G6PD is associated with high risks of recurrent metastasis and poor progression-free survival in primary breast carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13(1):323.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2943_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091055","volume":"8","author":"HC Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, et al. The redox role of G6PD in cell growth, cell death, and cancer. Cells. 2019;8(9):1055.","journal-title":"Cells."},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.08.001","volume":"44","author":"HC Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang HC, Stern A, Chiu DT. G6PD: a hub for metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer. Biomed J. 2021;44(3):285\u201392.","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"2943_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.932154","volume":"13","author":"Q Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hao S, et al. Recent findings in the regulation of G6PD and its role in diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13: 932154.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34581-2","volume":"13","author":"T Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu T, Liu C, Yan M, et al. Single cell profiling of primary and paired metastatic lymph node tumors in breast cancer patients. Nature Commun. 2022;13(1):6823.","journal-title":"Nature Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2943_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","volume":"16","author":"G Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y, He QY. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16(5):284\u20137.","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1523.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2943_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","volume":"32","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trapnell C, Cacchiarelli D, Grimsby J, et al. The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32(4):381\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2943_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa099","volume":"36","author":"EY Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao EY, Ouyang JF, Rackham OJL. GeneSwitches: ordering gene expression and functional events in single-cell experiments. Bioinformatics. 2020;36(10):3273\u20135.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin S, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Zhang L, et al. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using cell chat. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1088.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"2943_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01273-7","volume":"40","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Y, Zhou X. Spatially informed cell-type deconvolution for spatial transcriptomics. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(9):1349\u201359.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0392-8","volume":"38","author":"R Moncada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moncada R, Barkley D, Wagner F, et al. Integrating microarray-based spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-seq reveals tissue architecture in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38(3):333\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","volume":"29","author":"A Dobin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics. 2013;29(1):15\u201321.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2943_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0316","volume":"12","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Yang S, Ma J, et al. Spatiotemporal immune landscape of colorectal cancer liver metastasis at single-cell level. Cancer Discov. 2022;12(1):134\u201353.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"D1","key":"2943_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1184","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab860","volume":"50","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liu J, Liu X, et al. CTR-DB, an omnibus for patient-derived gene expression signatures correlated with cancer drug response. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(D1):D1184\u201399.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2943_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.04.001","volume":"356","author":"J Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu J, Tan M, Cai Q. The Warburg effect in tumor progression: mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism. Cancer Lett. 2015;356:156\u201364.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2943_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040580","volume":"12","author":"L Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu L, Zhu X, Wu Y. Effects of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutamine metabolism on tumor microenvironment and clinical implications. Biomolecules. 2022;12(4):580.","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"issue":"7","key":"2943_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2098-5","volume":"73","author":"VL Payen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Payen VL, Porporato PE, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 1: tumor pH, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(7):1333\u201348.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2943_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.01.009","volume":"41","author":"EN Arner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arner EN, Rathmell JC. Metabolic programming and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(3):421\u201333.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2943_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgad043","volume":"44","author":"B Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu B, Fu X, Du Y, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of G6PD carcinogenesis in human tumors. Carcinogenesis. 2023;44(6):525\u201334.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"}],"container-title":["Medical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T16:27:15Z","timestamp":1757262435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-025-02943-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-131X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-131X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study received ethical approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (approval no. 2024\u20100455; Hangzhou, China). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"355"}}