{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:00:39Z","timestamp":1787580039487,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Des Moines University","award":["IOER 112-3140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOER 112-3140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T07:34:10Z","timestamp":1758353650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From bench to bedside: the evolution and future of prostate-specific antigen testing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ildar W.","family":"Mutalip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson F.","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garen S.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2003.02.083","volume":"21","author":"SP Balk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ. Biology of prostate-specific antigen. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(2):383\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2003.02.083.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00185066","volume":"11","author":"H Lilja","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lilja H. Structure, function, and regulation of the enzyme activity of prostate-specific antigen. World J Urol. 1993;11(4):188\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00185066.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.4.895a","volume":"44","author":"TJ Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang TJ, Rittenhouse HG, Wolfert RL, Lynne CM, Brackett NL. PSA concentrations in seminal plasma. Clinical Chem. 1998;44(4):895\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/44.4.895a.","journal-title":"Clinical Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4021\/wjon.v10i2.1191","volume":"10","author":"P Rawla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol. 2019;10(2):63\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4021\/wjon.v10i2.1191.","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"3041_CR5","unstructured":"Hara M, Koyanagi Y, Inoue T, Fukuyama T. Some physico-chemical characteristics of \" -seminoprotein\", an antigenic component specific for human seminal plasma. Forensic immunological study of body fluids and secretion. VII. Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine. 1971;25(4):322\u2013324. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/5106556\/"},{"key":"3041_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.10.100","author":"MC Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. J of Urol. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2016.10.100.","journal-title":"J of Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0220573","volume":"22","author":"RJ Ablin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ablin RJ, Soanes WA, Bronson P, Witebsky E. Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate. Reproduction. 1970;22(3):573\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jrf.0.0220573.","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.104.6.1329","volume":"104","author":"RJ Ablin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ablin RJ, Bronson P, Soanes WA, Witebsky E. Tissue- and species-specific antigens of normal human prostatic tissue. J Immunol (Baltimore). 1970;104(6):1329\u201339.","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3041_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2423(08)60334-0","volume":"31","author":"AM El-Shirbiny","year":"1994","unstructured":"El-Shirbiny AM. Prostatic specific antigen. Adv Clin Chem. 1994;31:99\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2423(08)60334-0.","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"3041_CR10","unstructured":"Kouriefs C, Sahoyl M, Grange P, Muir G 2009 Prostate specific antigen through the years. Archivio Italiano Di Urologia, Andrologia: Organo Ufficiale [di] Societa Italiana Di Ecografia Urologica E Nefrologica.;81(4):195\u2013198. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20608139\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls135","volume":"68","author":"BT Howrey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howrey BT, Kuo YF, Lin YL, Goodwin JS. The impact of PSA screening on prostate cancer mortality and overdiagnosis of prostate cancer in the United States. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;68(1):56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/gls135.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.14582","volume":"7","author":"HS Iyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iyer HS, Stone BV, Roscoe C, et al. Access to prostate-specific antigen testing and mortality among men with prostate cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2414582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.14582.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"3041_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113135","volume":"366","author":"FH Schr\u00f6der","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(11):981\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1113135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3041_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2008.07502.x","volume":"101","author":"G Bartsch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bartsch G, Horninger W, Klocker H, et al. Tyrol Prostate Cancer Demonstration Project: early detection, treatment, outcome, incidence and mortality. BJU Int. 2008;101(7):809\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2008.07502.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2307\/23434282","volume":"51","author":"R Etzioni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Etzioni R, Gulati R, Cooperberg MR, Penson DM, Weiss NS, Thompson IM. Limitations of basing screening policies on screening trials: the US preventive services task force and prostate cancer screening. Med Care. 2013;51(4):295\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/23434282.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"3041_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00429-x","author":"PKF Chiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiu PKF, Shen X, Wang G, et al. Enhancement of prostate cancer diagnosis by machine learning techniques: an algorithm development and validation study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-021-00429-x.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"3041_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000003491","author":"JT Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei JT, Barocas D, Carlsson S, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA\/SUO guideline Part I: prostate cancer screening. J Urol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ju.0000000000003491.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3041_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33940","volume":"150","author":"C Arsov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arsov C, Albers P, Herkommer K, et al. A randomized trial of risk-adapted screening for prostate cancer in young men\u2014results of the first screening round of the PROBASE trial. Int J Cancer. 2022;150(11):1861\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33940.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16143","volume":"133","author":"M Alterbeck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alterbeck M, Thimansson E, Bengtsson J, et al. A pilot study of an organised population-based testing programme for prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2023;133(1):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.16143.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009","volume":"76","author":"J Hugosson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, M\u00e5nsson M, et al. A 16-yr follow-up of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2019;76(1):43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3041_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3710","volume":"319","author":"DC Grossman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Screening for prostate cancer. JAMA. 2018;319(18):1901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.3710.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.104.6.1329","volume":"104","author":"RJ Ablin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ablin RJ, Bronson PM, Soanes WA, Witebsky E. Tissue- and species-specific antigens of normal human prostatic tissue. J Immunol. 1970;104(6):1329\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.104.6.1329.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(05)70370-0","volume":"24","author":"LJ Sokoll","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sokoll LJ, Chan DW. PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN: Its discovery and biochemical characteristics. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;24(2):253\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0094-0143(05)70370-0.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)39496-1","volume":"24","author":"TS Li","year":"1973","unstructured":"Li TS, Beling CG. Isolation and characterization of two specific antigens of human seminal plasma. Fertil Steril. 1973;24(2):134\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)39496-1.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10659J","volume":"23","author":"GF Sensabaugh","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sensabaugh GF. Isolation and characterization of a semen-specific protein from human seminal plasma: a potential new marker for semen identification. J Forensic Sci. 1978;23(1):106\u201315.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3041_CR26","unstructured":"Tsann M Chu, Ming C Wang, Lawrence Papsidero. Research Corporation. New York, N.Y. Purified Human Prostate Antigen. PCT\/US80\/01708. May 1, 1984. https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US4446122A\/en."},{"key":"3041_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6343-3_5","author":"H Lilja","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lilja H, Stenman UH. Succesful separation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer by measurement of free and complexed PSA. Cancer Treat Res. 1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-6343-3_5.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"3041_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198710083171501","volume":"317","author":"TA Stamey","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, McNeal JE, Freiha FS, Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(15):909\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198710083171501.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)42630-9","volume":"139","author":"JE Oesterling","year":"1988","unstructured":"Oesterling JE, Chan DW, Epstein JI, et al. Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 1988;139(4):766\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)42630-9.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2014.09.008","volume":"1","author":"WJ Catalona","year":"2014","unstructured":"Catalona WJ. History of the discovery and clinical translation of prostate-specific antigen. Asian J of Urol. 2014;1(1):12\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajur.2014.09.008.","journal-title":"Asian J of Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.11.001","volume":"102","author":"WJ Catalona","year":"2018","unstructured":"Catalona WJ. Prostate cancer screening. Med Clin North Am. 2018;102(2):199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.11.001.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"3041_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.124","volume":"9","author":"S Payton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Payton S. New PSA screening guideline faces widespread opposition. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9(7):351\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2012.124.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(86)90146-9","volume":"28","author":"B Seamonds","year":"1986","unstructured":"Seamonds B, Yang N, Anderson K, Whitaker B, Shaw LM, Bollinger JR. Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen and prosttic acid phosphatase as prostate cancer markers. Urology. 1986;28(6):472\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-4295(86)90146-9.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(05)80066-4","volume":"38","author":"DL Bilhartz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bilhartz DL, Tindall DJ, Oesterling JE. Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: biomolecular and physiologic characteristics. Urology. 1991;38(2):95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(05)80066-4.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3041_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036483","volume":"72","author":"Z Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang Z, Widgren EE, Sivashanmugam P, O\u2019Rand MG, Richardson RT. Association of Eppin with Semenogelin on human spermatozoa1. Biol Reprod. 2005;72(5):1064\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036483.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR36","first-page":"222","volume":"51","author":"UH Stenman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stenman UH, Leinonen J, Alfthan H, Rannikko S, Tuhkanen K, Alfthan O. A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res. 1991;51(1):222\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3041_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02727.x","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Cai L, You X, Cordero JJ, Huang Y, Imperato-McGinley J. Androgen-induced prostate-specific antigen gene expression is mediated via dihydrotestosterone in LNCaP cells. Andrology. 2003;24(5):681\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02727.x.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1865","volume":"96","author":"ST Page","year":"2011","unstructured":"Page ST, Lin DW, Mostaghel EA, et al. Dihydrotestosterone administration does not increase intraprostatic androgen concentrations or alter prostate androgen action in healthy men: a randomized-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):430\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-1865.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR39","first-page":"37","volume":"16","author":"TM Mulders","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mulders TM, Bruning PF, Bonfrer JM. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). A tissue-specific and sensitive tumor marker. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1990;16(1):37\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_97_19","volume":"14","author":"S Neeli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neeli S, Sharma M, Musale A. Prostate-specific antigen: an overview and its current status in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res KLEU. 2021;14(1):22\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_97_19.","journal-title":"Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res KLEU"},{"key":"3041_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102470","author":"L Tomao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomao L, Sbardella D, Gioia M, et al. Characterization of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) catalytic mechanism: a pre-steady-state and steady-state study. PLoS ONE. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102470.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"3041_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560031116","volume":"3","author":"BO Villoutreix","year":"1994","unstructured":"Villoutreix BO, Getzoff ED, Griffin JD. A structural model for the prostate disease marker, human prostate-specific antigen. Protien Sci. 1994;3(11):2033\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.5560031116.","journal-title":"Protien Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2007.00553.x","volume":"70","author":"MI Hassan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hassan MI, Kumar V, Singh TP, Yadav S. Structural model of human PSA: a target for prostate cancer therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2007;70(3):261\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2007.00553.x.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa075","volume":"103","author":"P Anamthathmakula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anamthathmakula P, Winuthayanon W. Mechanism of semen liquefaction and its potential for a novel non-hormonal contraception\u2020. Biol Reprod. 2020;103(2):411\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa075.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjmsu.2011.08.006","volume":"5","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Brewster SF. PSA velocity and doubling time in diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Br J Med Surg Urol. 2012;5(4):162\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjmsu.2011.08.006.","journal-title":"Br J Med Surg Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.07.948","volume":"78","author":"R Giulianelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giulianelli R, Albanesi L, Brunori S, et al. UP-02.130 The Use of PSA-IgM in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Urology. 2011;78(3):S304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2011.07.948.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"3041_CR47","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION - Uroweb. Uroweb - European Association of Urology. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate-cancer\/chapter\/diagnostic-evaluation"},{"key":"3041_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00852-w","volume":"27","author":"FB Denijs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Denijs FB, van Harten MJ, Meenderink JJL, et al. Risk calculators for the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27:544\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00852-w.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"3041_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40134-019-0318-8","author":"J Liau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liau J, Goldberg D, Arif-Tiwari H. Prostate cancer detection and diagnosis: role of ultrasound with MRI correlates. Curr Radiol Rep. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40134-019-0318-8.","journal-title":"Curr Radiol Rep"},{"key":"3041_CR50","unstructured":"Law K, Nguyen DD, Barkin J, Zorn K. Diagnosis of prostate cancer: the implications and proper utilization of PSA and its variants; indications and use of MRI and biomarkers. 2020;27. https:\/\/www.canjurol.com\/html\/free-articles\/Cdn_JU27-I1S1_04_FREE_DrZorn_S.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29691","volume":"122","author":"BA Mahal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahal BA, Aizer AA, Efstathiou JA, Nguyen PL. Association of very low prostate-specific antigen levels with increased cancer-specific death in men with high-grade prostate cancer. Cancer. 2015;122(1):78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.29691.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2010.0017","volume":"8","author":"WJ Catalona","year":"2010","unstructured":"Catalona WJ, Loeb S. Prostate cancer screening and determining the appropriate prostate-specific antigen cutoff values. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010;8(2):265\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2010.0017.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"3041_CR53","unstructured":"Board E. Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ\u00ae). Nih.gov. February 13, 2025. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK66036\/"},{"key":"3041_CR54","unstructured":"Treatment if your prostate cancer comes back. Cancerresearchuk.org. November 14, 2024. https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/prostate-cancer\/treatment\/if-your-prostate-cancer-comes-back"},{"issue":"17","key":"3041_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.17.1591","volume":"281","author":"CR Pound","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, Chan DW, Pearson JD, Walsh PC. Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA. 1999;281(17):1591\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.281.17.1591.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.05.005","volume":"190","author":"MS Cookson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cookson MS, Roth BJ, Dahm P, et al. Castration-resistant prostate cancer: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2013;190(2):429\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2013.05.005.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.14423\/smj.0000000000000266","volume":"108","author":"FH Karzai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karzai FH, Madan RA, Figg WD. Beyond PSA: managing modern therapeutic options in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. South Med J. 2015;108(4):224\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14423\/smj.0000000000000266.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"17","key":"3041_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.4011","volume":"331","author":"RM Martin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martin RM, Turner EL, Young GJ, et al. Prostate-specific antigen screening and 15-year prostate cancer mortality. JAMA. 2024;331(17):1460\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.4011.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2017.1411392","volume":"52","author":"J Hugosson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hugosson J, Godtman RA, Carlsson SV, et al. Eighteen-year follow-up of the G\u00f6teborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening trial: effect of sociodemographic variables on participation, prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Scand J Urol. 2017;52(1):27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681805.2017.1411392.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000002696","author":"M Fr\u00e5nlund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fr\u00e5nlund M, M\u00e5nsson M, Godtman RA, et al. Results from 22 years of followup in the G\u00f6teborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening trial. J Urol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ju.0000000000002696.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3041_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2586","volume":"167","author":"A Tsodikov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsodikov A, Gulati R, Heijnsdijk EAM, et al. Reconciling the effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO trials. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(7):449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M16-2586.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3041_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55859-z","author":"PW McLaughlin","year":"2024","unstructured":"McLaughlin PW, Cousins MM, Tsodikov A, Soni PD, Crook JM. Mortality reduction and cumulative excess incidence (CEI) in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening era. Sci Rep. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-55859-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3041_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1142976","author":"B Saimaitikari Abudoubari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saimaitikari Abudoubari B, Mei Y, Maimaitiyiming A, An H, Tao N. Prostate cancer epidemiology and prognostic factors in the United States. Front Oncol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1142976.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3041_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28238","volume":"119","author":"LC Trantham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trantham LC, Nielsen ME, Mobley LR, Wheeler SB, Carpenter WR, Biddle AK. Use of prostate-specific antigen testing as a disease surveillance tool following radical prostatectomy. Cancer. 2013;119(19):3523\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.28238.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3041_CR65","unstructured":"PSA test - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. 2024. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/psa-test\/about\/pac-20384731"},{"issue":"16","key":"3041_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140703","volume":"186","author":"N Bell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bell N, Gorber SC, Shane A, et al. Recommendations on screening for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen test. Can Med Assoc J. 2014;186(16):1225\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.140703.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.12.12","volume":"7","author":"JFM Verbeek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbeek JFM, Roobol MJ. What is an acceptable false negative rate in the detection of prostate cancer? Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(1):54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2017.12.12.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0099","volume":"48","author":"J Loloi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loloi J, Wei M, Babar M, Zhu D, Fram E, Maria P. Rates of false-negative screening in prostate specific antigen secondary to 5-alpha reductase inhibitor usage: a quality-improvement initiative. Int Braz J Urol. 2022;48(4):688\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0099.","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14694\/edbook_am.2012.32.98","volume":"32","author":"IM Thompson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thompson IM. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer. Am Society Clinic Oncol Edu Book. 2012;32:35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14694\/edbook_am.2012.32.98.","journal-title":"Am Society Clinic Oncol Edu Book"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.062","volume":"65","author":"S Loeb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loeb S, Bjurlin MA, Nicholson J, et al. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65(6):1046\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.062.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3041_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa074311","volume":"358","author":"MG Sanda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(12):1250\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa074311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3041_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2820","author":"MS Kale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kale MS, Korenstein D. Overdiagnosis in primary care: framing the problem and finding solutions. BMJ. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k2820.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3041_CR73","unstructured":"Jain MA, Leslie SW, Sapra A. Prostate Cancer Screening. Nih.gov. October 26, 2023. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK556081\/"},{"key":"3041_CR74","unstructured":"Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: AUA\/SUO Guideline (2023) - American Urological Association. Auanet.org. 2023. https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines-and-quality\/guidelines\/early-detection-of-prostate-cancer-guidelines"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13676","volume":"120","author":"S Loeb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loeb S, Shin SS, Broyles DL, et al. Prostate health index improves multivariable risk prediction of aggressive prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2016;120(1):61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13676.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3041_CR76","unstructured":"CDC. Should I Get Screened for Prostate Cancer? Prostate Cancer. August 27, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/prostate-cancer\/screening\/get-screened.html"},{"issue":"17","key":"3041_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174087","volume":"14","author":"E Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang E, Tran J, Huynh LM, Skarecky D, Wilson RH, Ahlering T. Prostate-specific antigen doubling time kinetics following radical prostatectomy to guide need for treatment intervention: validation of low-risk recurrences. Cancers. 2022;14(17):4087\u20134087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14174087.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"5","key":"3041_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx041","volume":"28","author":"BA Mahal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahal BA, Chen YW, Muralidhar V, et al. Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among prostate-specific antigen screening eligible populations in the United States. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(5):1098\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdx041.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2144027","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.44027","volume":"5","author":"K Yamoah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamoah K, Lee KM, Awasthi S, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in prostate cancer outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(1):e2144027\u2013e2144027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.44027.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3041_CR80","unstructured":"Aparicio A, Vassiliki Tzelepi, MD. Neuroendocrine (Small-Cell) Carcinomas: Why They Teach Us Essential Lessons About Prostate Cancer. Cancer Network. 2014;28. https:\/\/www.cancernetwork.com\/view\/neuroendocrine-small-cell-carcinomas-why-they-teach-us-essential-lessons-about-prostate-cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2018-0190","volume":"43","author":"CI Morais","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morais CI, Lobo J, Barreto JP, Lobo C, Gon\u00e7alves ND. Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostatic adenocarcinoma \u2013 an important cause for castration-resistant disease recurrence. Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2019;43(2):123\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/labmed-2018-0190.","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"3041_CR82","unstructured":"Abdulla A, Leslie SW. Biomarker Assays for Elevated PSA Risk Analysis. PubMed. 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK592381\/"},{"key":"3041_CR83","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Prostate Cancer Screening Tests. www.cancer.org. 2023. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/prostate-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/tests.html"},{"issue":"19","key":"3041_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.19.1542","volume":"279","author":"WJ Catalona","year":"1998","unstructured":"Catalona WJ, Partin AW, Slawin KM, et al. Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial. JAMA. 1998;279(19):1542\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.279.19.1542.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31869-1","volume":"13","author":"JG Zhong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhong JG, Shi L, Liu J, Cao F, Ma YQ, Zhang Y. Predicting prostate cancer in men with PSA levels of 4\u201310 ng\/mL: MRI-based radiomics can help junior radiologists improve the diagnostic performance. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):4846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-31869-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3041_CR86","unstructured":"David MK, Leslie SW. Prostate-Specific Antigen. Nih.gov. September 10, 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557495\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-017-0024-7","volume":"21","author":"T Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nordstr\u00f6m T, Akre O, Aly M, Gr\u00f6nberg H, Eklund M. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density in the diagnostic algorithm of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018;21(1):57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-017-0024-7.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"3041_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76786-9","author":"I Yusim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusim I, Krenawi M, Mazor E, Novack V, Mabjeesh NJ. The use of prostate specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-76786-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"3041_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.016","volume":"178","author":"S Loeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loeb S, Roehl KA, Nadler RB, Yu X, Catalona WJ. Prostate specific antigen velocity in men with total prostate specific antigen less than 4 ng\/ml. J Urol. 2007;178(6):2348\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.016.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.028","volume":"177","author":"S Loeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loeb S, Roehl KA, Catalona WJ, Nadler RB. Prostate specific antigen velocity threshold for predicting prostate cancer in young men. J Urol. 2007;177(3):899\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.028.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13856","author":"LE Howard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howard LE, Moreira DM, Hoedt AD, et al. Thresholds for PSA doubling time in men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13856.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3041_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2023.03.011","volume":"52","author":"S Scuderi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scuderi S, Tin A, Gandaglia G, et al. Implementation of 4Kscore as a secondary test before prostate biopsy: impact on US population trends for prostate cancer. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2023;52:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euros.2023.03.011.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR93","first-page":"231","volume":"17","author":"B Konety","year":"2015","unstructured":"Konety B, Zappala SM, Parekh DJ, et al. The 4Kscore\u00ae test reduces prostate biopsy rates in community and academic urology practices. Rev Urol. 2015;17(4):231\u201340.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR94","unstructured":"TRANSFORM trial. Prostate Cancer UK. Published 2021. https:\/\/prostatecanceruk.org\/research\/transform-trial?utm_source=chatgpt.com"},{"key":"3041_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2024.09.003","volume":"70","author":"A Chandran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chandran A, van Harten M, Singh D, et al. Risk-stratified approach to implementing population-based prostate cancer screening in five pilot sites in the European Union: a protocol for the PRAISE-U project. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2024;70:8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euros.2024.09.003.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.12.014","volume":"69","author":"LS Marks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marks LS, Fradet Y, Deras IL, et al. PCA3 molecular urine assay for prostate cancer in men undergoing repeat biopsy. Urology. 2007;69(3):532\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2006.12.014.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3041_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0097","volume":"2","author":"J McKiernan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McKiernan J, Donovan MJ, O\u2019Neill V, et al. A novel urine exosome gene expression assay to predict high-grade prostate cancer at initial biopsy. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(7):882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0097.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.40","volume":"18","author":"MJ Donovan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donovan MJ, Noerholm M, Bentink S, et al. A molecular signature of PCA3 and ERG exosomal RNA from non-DRE urine is predictive of initial prostate biopsy result. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2015;18(4):370\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pcan.2015.40.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00675-1","volume":"26","author":"R Tutrone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tutrone R, Lowentritt B, Neuman B, et al. Exodx prostate test as a predictor of outcomes of high-grade prostate cancer \u2013 an interim analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023;26(3):596\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-023-00675-1.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285745","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285745","volume":"19","author":"H Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu H, Wu Y, He P, Liang J, Xu X, Ji C. A meta-analysis for the diagnostic accuracy of SelectMDx in prostate cancer. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0285745\u2013e0285745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285745.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3041_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00367-8","volume":"24","author":"RJ Hendriks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendriks RJ, van der Leest MMG, Isra\u00ebl B, et al. Clinical use of the SelectMDx urinary-biomarker test with or without mpMRI in prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective, multicenter study in biopsy-na\u00efve men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(4):1110\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-021-00367-8.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3041_CR102","first-page":"129","volume":"7","author":"KJ Wojno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wojno KJ, Costa FJ, Cornell RJ, et al. Reduced rate of repeated prostate biopsies observed in ConfirmMDx clinical utility field study. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2014;7(3):129.","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits."},{"key":"3041_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.04.001","volume":"128","author":"RL Waterhouse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waterhouse RL, Neste LV, Moses KA, et al. Evaluation of an epigenetic assay for predicting repeat prostate biopsy outcome in African American men. Urology. 2018;128:62\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2018.04.001.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.20200395","volume":"62","author":"JH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JH, Hong SK. Clinical utility of current biomarkers for prostate cancer detection. Investig and Clin Urol. 2021;62(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4111\/icu.20200395.","journal-title":"Investig and Clin Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0871-z","volume":"42","author":"E Hassanzadeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh E, Glazer DI, Dunne RM, Fennessy FM, Harisinghani MG, Tempany CM. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2): a pictorial review. Abdom Radiol. 2016;42(1):278\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-016-0871-z.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"3041_CR106","unstructured":"Central Europan Journal of Urology. Ceju.online. 2025. https:\/\/ceju.online\/journal\/2016\/multiparametric-mri-targeted-biopsy-mri-targeted-mri-ultrasound-fusion-prostate-cancer-734.php"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.03.027","volume":"86","author":"P Cornford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer-2024 update. Part I: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 2024;86(2):S0302\u20132838(24)022541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.03.027.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.5497","author":"CA Hamm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamm CA, Asbach P, P\u00f6hlmann A, et al. Oncological Safety of MRI-informed biopsy decision-making in men with suspected prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.5497.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3041_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.07.007","volume":"4","author":"M Gayet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gayet M, Mannaerts CK, Nieboer D, et al. Prediction of prostate cancer: external validation of the ERSPC risk calculator in a contemporary Dutch clinical cohort. Eur Urol Focus. 2018;4(2):228\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2016.07.007.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"3041_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.12.21","volume":"7","author":"N Pereira-Azevedo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pereira-Azevedo N, Verbeek JFM, Nieboer D, Bangma CH, Roobol MJ. Head-to-head comparison of prostate cancer risk calculators predicting biopsy outcome. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(1):18\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2017.12.21.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"3041_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FB Denijs, Harten van, Jonas, et al 2024 Risk calculators for the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00852-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00852-w"},{"key":"3041_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.04.010","volume":"41","author":"JC Engel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engel JC, Palsdottir T, Ankerst D, et al. External validation of the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group risk calculator and the Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator in a Swedish population-based screening cohort. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022;41:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euros.2022.04.010.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"}],"container-title":["Medical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:22:13Z","timestamp":1762424533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03041-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-131X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-131X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"By creating a review paper, there is no novel research, only research collected from prior sources that have been approved through the peer review process.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Review paper, consent is not applicable. No data have been collected needing informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"486"}}