{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:02:03Z","timestamp":1785124923824,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Project on Regional High-Incidence Diseases Research of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:02:03Z","timestamp":1782370923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antitumor effect of the AP5Z1 small-molecule inhibitor PGG in hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Quan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yige","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3055","volume":"3","author":"T Akinyemiju","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akinyemiju T, Abera S, Ahmed M, Alam N, Alemayohu MA, Allen C, Al-Raddadi R, Alvis-Guzman N, Amoako Y, Artaman A, et al. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:1683\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"3322_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23310","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23310","volume":"34","author":"Y Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu Y, Zeng J, Yang S, Hu Z, Li L, Yu H, Qin X. Association between the rs9131 and rs3806792 polymorphisms of the CXCL2 gene and the risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Guangxi population. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34:e23310.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"3322_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.005","volume":"36","author":"P Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu P, Nielsen TE, Clausen MH. FDA-approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015;36:422\u201339.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3322_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5252","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01914","volume":"64","author":"E Sassetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sassetti E, Clausen MH, Laraia L. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Med Chem. 2021;64:5252\u201375.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"3322_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01317","volume":"63","author":"C Zhuang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhuang C, Chen F. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Necroptosis: Current Status and Perspectives. J Med Chem. 2020;63:1490\u2013510.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"3322_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanger A, Hirst J, Davies AK, Robinson MS. Adaptor protein complexes and disease at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2019 Oct 21;132(20):jcs222992.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.222992"},{"key":"3322_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2004.02.002","volume":"14","author":"MS Robinson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robinson MS. Adaptable adaptors for coated vesicles. Trends Cell Biol. 2004;14:167\u201374.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"3322_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06537-9","volume":"23","author":"Z Quan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Quan Z, Peng B, Hu K, Liang L, Liu M, Liao L, Chen S, Qin J, He S, Li Z. AP5Z1 affects hepatocellular carcinoma growth and autophagy by regulating PTEN ubiquitination and modulating the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. J Transl Med. 2025;23:564.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3322_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.215851","volume":"546","author":"J Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng J, Han J, Liu Z, Yu M, Li H, Yu J. Pentagalloylglucose disrupts the PALB2-BRCA2 interaction and potentiates tumor sensitivity to PARP inhibitor and radiotherapy. Cancer Lett. 2022;546:215851.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"3322_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2021.08.006","volume":"147","author":"J Tong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tong J, Fang J, Zhu T, Xiang P, Shang J, Chen L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Tong L, Sun M. Pentagalloylglucose reduces AGE-induced inflammation by activating Nrf2\/HO-1 and inhibiting the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway in mesangial cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2021;147:305\u201314.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3322_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154192","volume":"102","author":"CW Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan CW, Tang J, Jiang JC, Zhou MM, Li MS, Wang HS. Pentagalloylglucose suppresses the growth and migration of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells via the GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2022;102:154192.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3322_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.10.016","volume":"720","author":"GL Viswanatha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viswanatha GL, Shylaja H, Mohan CG. Alleviation of transient global ischemia\/reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats with 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-\u03b2-d-glucopyranose isolated from Mangifera indica. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;720:286\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3322_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.02.025","volume":"26","author":"YH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim YH, Yang X, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Lin IC, Tachibana H. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-\u03b2-D-glucopyranose increases a population of T regulatory cells and inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015;26:30\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3322_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.02.025","volume":"164","author":"X Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang X, Ma Y, Wang T, Zhou H, Wang K, Shi W, Qin L, Guan J, Li L, Long B, et al. Targeting UBE2T Potentiates Gemcitabine Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer by Regulating Pyrimidine Metabolism and Replication Stress. Gastroenterology. 2023;164:1232\u201347.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3322_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7896","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8896","volume":"6","author":"MR Wasserman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wasserman MR, Pulk A, Zhou Z, Altman RB, Zinder JC, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Cate JH, Blanchard SC. Chemically related 4,5-linked aminoglycoside antibiotics drive subunit rotation in opposite directions. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7896.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3322_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amir M, Khan P, Queen A, Dohare R, Alajmi MF, Hussain A, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Structural Features of Nucleoprotein CST\/Shelterin Complex Involved in the Telomere Maintenance and Its Association with Disease Mutations. Cells 2020, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020359"},{"issue":"17","key":"3322_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175537","volume":"27","author":"MA El Kamal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamal MA, Mandour YM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Stein U, El Tayebi HM. Small Molecule Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances and Challenges. Molecules. 2022;27(17):5537.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3322_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13341","volume":"108","author":"T Sakurai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakurai T, Yada N, Hagiwara S, Arizumi T, Minaga K, Kamata K, Takenaka M, Minami Y, Watanabe T, Nishida N, Kudo M. Gankyrin induces STAT3 activation in tumor microenvironment and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2017;108:1996\u20132003.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3322_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9429","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6990","volume":"7","author":"ZG Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu ZG, Wang L, Cui HY, Peng JL, Wang SJ, Geng JJ, Liu JD, Feng F, Song F, Li L, et al. A novel small-molecule compound targeting CD147 inhibits the motility and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7:9429\u201347.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"3322_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043710","volume":"24","author":"D Gnocchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gnocchi D, Sabb\u00e0 C, Massimi M, Mazzocca A. Metabolism as a New Avenue for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3710.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3322_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.07.016","volume":"202","author":"D Gnocchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gnocchi D, Kurzyk A, Mintrone A, Lentini G, Sabb\u00e0 C, Mazzocca A. Inhibition of LPAR6 overcomes sorafenib resistance by switching glycolysis into oxidative phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochimie. 2022;202:180\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"3322_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201024666230821103601","volume":"25","author":"S Rawat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rawat S, Subramaniam K, Subramanian SK, Subbarayan S, Dhanabalan S, Chidambaram SKM, Stalin B, Roy A, Nagaprasad N, Aruna M, et al. Drug Repositioning Using Computer-aided Drug Design (CADD). Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024;25:301\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"3322_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001289","volume":"110","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Z, Chen S, Wang Y, Li F, Xu H, Li M, Zeng Y, Wu Z, Gao Y. Current perspectives and trend of computer-aided drug design: a review and bibliometric analysis. Int J Surg. 2024;110:3848\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"3322_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2022.2147503","volume":"18","author":"D Hern\u00e1ndez-Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Silva D, Alcaraz-P\u00e9rez F, P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez H, Cayuela ML. Virtual screening and zebrafish models in tandem, for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2023;18:903\u201315.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"3322_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708784049630","volume":"15","author":"H Sun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sun H. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15:1018\u201324.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"3322_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmch.2021.01.004","volume":"60","author":"F Stanzione","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stanzione F, Giangreco I, Cole JC. Use of molecular docking computational tools in drug discovery. Prog Med Chem. 2021;60:273\u2013343.","journal-title":"Prog Med Chem"},{"key":"3322_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666190816101948","volume":"19","author":"SFL da Silva Rocha","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Silva Rocha SFL, Olanda CG, Fokoue HH, Sant\u2019Anna CMR. Virtual Screening Techniques in Drug Discovery: Review and Recent Applications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2019;19:1751\u201367.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"}],"container-title":["Medical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1785123991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03322-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-131X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-131X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Guangxi Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"199"}}