{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:06:31Z","timestamp":1788926791504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Oncol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:03:39Z","timestamp":1784714619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy-based combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengru","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3343_CR1","unstructured":"Cancer today [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today\/. Accessed 18 Feb 2025."},{"key":"3343_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225339","volume":"10","author":"MO Grimm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grimm MO, Leucht K, Foller S. Risk stratification and treatment algorithm of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2021;10:5339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10225339.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3343_CR3","unstructured":"Barahman M. Renal cell carcinoma: an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. G Ital Nefrol. 2022;3."},{"key":"3343_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7680","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45090485","volume":"45","author":"LE Semenescu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Semenescu LE, Kamel A, Ciubotaru V, Baez-Rodriguez SM, Furtos M, Costachi A, et al. An overview of systemic targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma, with a focus on metastatic renal cell carcinoma and brain metastases. Curr Issues Mol Biol Multidisciplinary Digit Publishing Inst. 2023;45:7680\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb45090485.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol Multidisciplinary Digit Publishing Inst"},{"key":"3343_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065588","volume":"24","author":"BG Mathew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mathew BG, Aliyuda F, Taiwo D, Adekeye K, Agada G, Sanchez E, et al. From biology to diagnosis and treatment: the ariadne\u2019s thread in cancer of unknown primary. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:5588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065588.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3343_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153303382412754","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338241275403","volume":"23","author":"S Boussios","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boussios S, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in renal cell cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic nanovehicles. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2024;23:15330338241275403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15330338241275403.","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"3343_CR7","unstructured":"Survival rates for. kidney cancer [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/kidney-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/survival-rates.html. Accessed 18 Feb 2025."},{"key":"3343_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100929","volume":"67","author":"J Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin J, Xie Y, Zhang J-S, Wang J-Q, Dai S-J, He W, et al. Sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to predictive biomarkers. Drug Resist Updat. 2023;67:100929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100929.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"3343_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.01.009","volume":"42","author":"I Wolff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolff I, May M, Hoschke B, Zigeuner R, Cindolo L, Hutterer G, et al. Do we need new high-risk criteria for surgically treated renal cancer patients to improve the outcome of future clinical trials in the adjuvant setting? Results of a comprehensive analysis based on the multicenter CORONA database. Eur J Surg Oncol (EJSO). 2016;42:744\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.01.009.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol (EJSO)"},{"key":"3343_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.04.049","volume":"62","author":"M Meskawi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meskawi M, Sun M, Trinh Q-D, Bianchi M, Hansen J, Tian Z, et al. A review of integrated staging systems for renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol Elsevier. 2012;62:303\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.04.049.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Elsevier"},{"key":"3343_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313906","volume":"391","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choueiri TK, Powles T, Peltola K, De Velasco G, Burotto M, Suarez C, et al. Belzutifan versus Everolimus for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:710\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2313906.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2023-1173","volume":"69","author":"X Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye X. Novel voice of targeted therapy combination with immunotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma from China. Chin Sci Bull. 2024;69:968\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1360\/TB-2023-1173.","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"key":"3343_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00793-8","volume":"24","author":"JE Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown JE, Royle K-L, Gregory W, Ralph C, Maraveyas A, Din O, et al. Temporary treatment cessation versus continuation of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (STAR): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2\/3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:213\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00793-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193528","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2193528","volume":"19","author":"G Gebrael","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gebrael G, Sahu KK, Agarwal N, Maughan BL. Update on combined immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19:2193528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2023.2193528.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"3343_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0008","volume":"22","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, Jonasch E, Agarwal N, Alva A, Bagshaw H, Baine M, et al. NCCN guidelines\u00ae insights: kidney cancer, version 2.2024: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2024;22:4\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0008.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"3343_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.09.3108","volume":"35","author":"XQ Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan XQ, Ye MJ, Zou Q, Chen P, He ZS, Wu B, et al. Toripalimab plus axitinib versus sunitinib as first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: RENOTORCH, a randomized, open-label, phase III study. Ann Oncol. 2024;35:190\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.09.3108.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816714","volume":"380","author":"BI Rini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, Gafanov R, Hawkins R, Nosov D, et al. Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1116\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1816714.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026982","volume":"384","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choueiri TK, Powles T, Burotto M, Escudier B, Bourlon MT, Zurawski B, et al. Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:829\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026982.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816047","volume":"380","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, Penkov K, Haanen J, Rini B, Albiges L, Campbell MT, et al. Avelumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1103\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1816047.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","volume":"378","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, Ar\u00e9n Frontera O, Melichar B, Choueiri TK, et al. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1277\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035716","volume":"384","author":"R Motzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Motzer R, Alekseev B, Rha S-Y, Porta C, Eto M, Powles T, et al. Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab or Everolimus for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1289\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2035716.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3343_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30723-8","volume":"393","author":"BI Rini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rini BI, Powles T, Atkins MB, Escudier B, McDermott DF, Suarez C, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (IMmotion151): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393:2404\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30723-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3343_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02082","volume":"42","author":"NM Tannir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tannir NM, Formiga MN, Penkov K, Kislov N, Vasiliev A, Gunnar Skare N, et al. Bempegaldesleukin Plus Nivolumab Versus Sunitinib or Cabozantinib in Previously Untreated Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Phase III Randomized Study (PIVOT-09). JCO. 2024;42:2800\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.23.02082.","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"3343_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10971-7","volume":"23","author":"PN Lara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lara PN, Villanueva L, Ibanez C, Erman M, Lee JL, Heinrich D, et al. A randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial of pembrolizumab plus epacadostat versus sunitinib or pazopanib as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-679\/ECHO-302). BMC Cancer. 2024;23:1253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-023-10971-7.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"3343_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01569","volume":"42","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Motzer RJ, Porta C, Eto M, Powles T, Gr\u00fcnwald V, Hutson TE, et al. Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab Versus Sunitinib in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Final Prespecified Overall Survival Analysis of CLEAR, a Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42:1222\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.23.01569.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.102994","volume":"9","author":"T Powles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Powles T, Burotto M, Escudier B, Apolo AB, Bourlon MT, Shah AY, et al. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up from the phase III randomised CheckMate 9ER trial. ESMO Open. 2024;9:102994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.102994.","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"3343_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.07.727","volume":"35","author":"NM Tannir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tannir NM, Albig\u00e8s L, McDermott DF, Burotto M, Choueiri TK, Hammers HJ, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended 8-year follow-up results of efficacy and safety from the phase III CheckMate 214 trial. Ann Oncol. 2024;35:1026\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.07.727.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.12.008","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choueiri TK, Penkov K, Uemura H, Campbell MT, Pal S, Kollmannsberger C, et al. Avelumab\u2009+\u2009axitinib vs sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: final analysis of the phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 trial. Ann Oncol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.12.008. S0923753424049871.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.06.006","volume":"84","author":"ER Plimack","year":"2023","unstructured":"Plimack ER, Powles T, Stus V, Gafanov R, Nosov D, Waddell T, et al. Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib Versus Sunitinib as First-line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: 43-month Follow-up of the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 Study. Eur Urol. 2023;84:449\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.06.006.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"3343_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5794","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.4809","volume":"27","author":"DYC Heng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, Warren MA, Golshayan AR, Sahi C, et al. Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor\u2013Targeted Agents: Results From a Large, Multicenter Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5794\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.4809.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017","volume":"168","author":"P Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo JA, Ribas A. Primary, adaptive and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Cell. 2017;168:707\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3343_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.03.001","volume":"27","author":"SL Topalian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Topalian SL, Drake CG, Pardoll DM. Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy. Cancer Cell. 2015;27:450\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.03.001.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"3343_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","volume":"8","author":"SC Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei SC, Duffy CR, Allison JP. Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:1069\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3343_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000239","volume":"39","author":"EI Buchbinder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buchbinder EI, Desai A. CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016;39:98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COC.0000000000000239.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3343_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.16675","volume":"43","author":"H Aweys","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aweys H, Lewis D, Sheriff M, Rabbani RD, Lapitan P, Sanchez E, et al. Renal cell cancer \u2013 insights in drug resistance mechanisms. Anticancer Res. 2023;43:4781\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/anticanres.16675.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"3343_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-1426-2-3","volume":"2","author":"S Spranger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spranger S, Koblish HK, Horton B, Scherle PA, Newton R, Gajewski TF. Mechanism of tumor rejection with doublets of CTLA-4, PD-1\/PD-L1, or IDO blockade involves restored IL-2 production and proliferation of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells directly within the tumor microenvironment. J ImmunoTher Cancer. 2014;2:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-1426-2-3.","journal-title":"J ImmunoTher Cancer"},{"key":"3343_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3573","volume":"24","author":"E Ladomersky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ladomersky E, Zhai L, Lenzen A, Lauing KL, Qian J, Scholtens DM, et al. IDO1 inhibition synergizes with radiation and PD-1 blockade to durably increase survival against advanced glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res: Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2018;24:2559\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3573.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res: Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"3343_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13560","volume":"109","author":"A Seeber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seeber A, Klinglmair G, Fritz J, Steinkohl F, Zimmer K-C, Aigner F, et al. High IDO-1 expression in tumor endothelial cells is associated with response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2018;109:1583\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.13560.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3343_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.016","volume":"169","author":"S Chevrier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chevrier S, Levine JH, Zanotelli VRT, Silina K, Schulz D, Bacac M, et al. An immune atlas of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell. 2017;169:736\u2013e74918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.016.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3343_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. Longo DL, editor. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:158\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481"},{"key":"3343_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255577","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1255577","volume":"15","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Xu Z, Wu C, Xie L, Wang P, Liu X. Efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1255577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1255577.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3343_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113503","volume":"198","author":"A Shahnam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shahnam A, Hitchen N, Nindra U, Manoharan S, Desai J, Tran B, et al. Objective response rate and progression-free survival as surrogates for overall survival treatment effect: A meta-analysis across diverse tumour groups and contemporary therapies. Eur J Cancer. 2024;198:113503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113503.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"3343_CR43","unstructured":"Clinical trial. endpoints for the approval of cancer drugs and biologics. 2018."},{"key":"3343_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104630","volume":"208","author":"S Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park S, Park K, Kim C, Rhie SJ. Optimization of immunotherapy-based combinations for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2025;208:104630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104630.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"}],"container-title":["Medical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:21:35Z","timestamp":1788924095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-026-03343-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-131X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-131X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"228"}}