{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T15:35:01Z","timestamp":1785598501099,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T23:37:31Z","timestamp":1434497851000},"page":"3400-3415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The Chemistry of Neurodegeneration: Kinetic Data and Their Implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Matic","family":"Pavlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matej","family":"Repi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Vianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janez","family":"Mavri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.101304.123901","volume":"75","author":"F Chiti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chiti F, Dobson CM (2006) Protein misfolding, functional amyloid, and human disease. Annu Rev Biochem 75:333\u2013366","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2101","volume":"8","author":"C Haass","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haass C, Selkoe DJ (2007) Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid [beta]-peptide. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8(2):101\u2013112","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5580","key":"9284_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072994","volume":"297","author":"J Hardy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hardy J, Selkoe DJ (2002) The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297(5580):353\u2013356","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7082","key":"9284_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04533","volume":"440","author":"S Lesn\u00e9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lesn\u00e9 S, Koh MT, Kotilinek L, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Yang A, Gallagher M, Ashe KH (2006) A specific amyloid-[beta] protein assembly in the brain impairs memory. Nature 440(7082):352\u2013357","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9284_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1066","volume":"10","author":"CA Ross","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ross CA, Poirier MA (2004) Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease. Nat Med 10:S10\u2013S17","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9284_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pahnke J, Langer O, Krohn M (2014) Alzheimer\u2019s and ABC transporters\u2014new opportunities for diagnostics and treatment. Neurobiology of Disease 72, Part A (0):54\u201360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.04.001"},{"key":"9284_CR7","volume-title":"General and systematic pathology","author":"JCE Underwood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Underwood JCE, Cross SS (2009) General and systematic pathology, 5th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh","edition":"5"},{"issue":"5134","key":"9284_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7901908","volume":"262","author":"J Coyle","year":"1993","unstructured":"Coyle J, Puttfarcken P (1993) Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science 262(5134):689\u2013695","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867053764635","volume":"12","author":"M Valko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MTD (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 12(10):1161\u20131208","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1330","volume":"3","author":"KJ Barnham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barnham KJ, Masters CL, Bush AI (2004) Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3(3):205\u2013214","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x","volume":"97","author":"B Halliwell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Halliwell B (2006) Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now? J Neurochem 97(6):1634\u20131658","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9284_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1434","volume":"5","author":"JK Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen JK (2004) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: cause or consequence? Nat Rev Neurosci 5:S18\u2013S25","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"9284_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn960","volume":"3","author":"FM LaFerla","year":"2002","unstructured":"LaFerla FM (2002) Calcium dyshomeostasis and intracellular signalling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 3(11):862\u2013872","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9557","key":"9284_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","volume":"369","author":"FO Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker FO (2007) Huntington\u2019s disease. Lancet 369(9557):218\u2013228","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5334","key":"9284_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5334.1990","volume":"277","author":"M DiFiglia","year":"1997","unstructured":"DiFiglia M, Sapp E, Chase KO, Davies SW, Bates GP, Vonsattel JP, Aronin N (1997) Aggregation of huntingtin in neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites in brain. Science 277(5334):1990\u20131993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9284_CR16","volume-title":"Harisson\u2019s principles of internal medicine","author":"AS Fauci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (2008) Harisson\u2019s principles of internal medicine, 17th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York","edition":"17"},{"issue":"5556","key":"9284_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067389","volume":"295","author":"PK Auluck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Auluck PK, Chan HYE, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM-Y, Bonini NM (2002) Chaperone suppression of \u03b1-synuclein toxicity in a Drosophila model for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Science 295(5556):865\u2013868","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1587","volume":"6","author":"PJ Muchowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muchowski PJ, Wacker JL (2005) Modulation of neurodegeneration by molecular chaperones. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(1):11\u201322","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00092-6","volume":"158","author":"MA Lovell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lovell MA, Robertson JD, Teesdale WJ, Campbell JL, Markesbery WR (1998) Copper, iron and zinc in Alzheimer\u2019s disease senile plaques. J Neurol Sci 158(1):47\u201352","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1021\/cr040410w","volume":"106","author":"E Gaggelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gaggelli E, Kozlowski H, Valensin D, Valensin G (2006) Copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer\u2019s, prion, and Parkinson\u2019s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Chem Rev 106(6):1995\u20132044","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"9284_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1537","volume":"5","author":"L Zecca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zecca L, Youdim MBH, Riederer P, Connor JR, Crichton RR (2004) Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 5(11):863\u2013873","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9284_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971021","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/971021","volume":"2011","author":"NT Watt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watt NT, Whitehouse IJ, Hooper NM (2010) The role of zinc in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011:971021","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5874","volume":"21","author":"N Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh N, Haldar S, Tripathi AK, McElwee MK, Horback K, Beserra A (2014) Iron in neurodegenerative disorders of protein misfolding: a case of prion disorders and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 21(3):471\u2013484","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"9284_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frisco R, Hodak M, Bernholc J (2011) Mechanism of copper(II)-induced misfolding of Parkinson\u2019s disease protein. Sci Rep 1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00011"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00060-X","volume":"62","author":"R Dringen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dringen R (2000) Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain. Prog Neurobiol 62(6):649\u2013671","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9284_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(03)00043-X","volume":"57","author":"DM Townsend","year":"2003","unstructured":"Townsend DM, Tew KD, Tapiero H (2003) The importance of glutathione in human disease. Biomed Pharm 57(3\u20134):145\u2013155","journal-title":"Biomed Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00200-6","volume":"333","author":"A Pastore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pastore A, Federici G, Bertini E, Piemonte F (2003) Analysis of glutathione: implication in redox and detoxification. Clin Chim Acta 333(1):19\u201339","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"9284_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00034","volume":"5","author":"D Hare","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hare D, Ayton S, Bush A, Lei P (2013) A delicate balance: iron metabolism and diseases of the brain. Front Aging Neurosci 5:34","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/1071576031000060607","volume":"37","author":"N Phumala","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phumala N, Porasuphatana S, Unchern S, Pootrakul P, Fucharoen S, Chantharaksri U (2003) Hemin: a possible cause of oxidative stress in blood circulation of \u03b2-thalassemia\/hemoglobin E disease. Free Radic Res 37(2):129\u2013135","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1307","volume":"3","author":"AI Alayash","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alayash AI (2004) Oxygen therapeutics: can we tame haemoglobin? Nat Rev Drug Discov 3(2):152\u2013159","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1671","volume":"6","author":"CJ Frederickson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frederickson CJ, Koh J-Y, Bush AI (2005) The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(6):449\u2013462","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9284_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.21.1.347","volume":"21","author":"DW Choi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Choi DW, Koh JY (1998) Zinc and brain injury. Annu Rev Neurosci 21:347\u2013375","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5177","key":"9284_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8073293","volume":"265","author":"AI Bush","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bush AI, Pettingell WH, Multhaup G, d Paradis M, Vonsattel JP, Gusella JF, Beyreuther K, Masters CL et al (1994) Rapid induction of Alzheimer A beta amyloid formation by zinc. Science 265(5177):1464\u20131467","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66020740.x","volume":"66","author":"A Clements","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clements A, Allsop D, Walsh DM, Williams CH (1996) Aggregation and metal-binding properties of mutant forms of the amyloid A beta peptide of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 66(2):740\u2013747","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.001","volume":"29","author":"DR Edwards","year":"2008","unstructured":"Edwards DR, Handsley MM, Pennington CJ (2008) The ADAM metalloproteinases. Mol Asp Med 29(5):258\u2013289","journal-title":"Mol Asp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.061","volume":"158","author":"P Paoletti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paoletti P, Vergnano AM, Barbour B, Casado M (2009) Zinc at glutamatergic synapses. Neuroscience 158(1):126\u2013136","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(96)00234-2","volume":"15","author":"G Bartzokis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Hance DB, Marx P, Foster JA, Marder SR (1997) MR evaluation of age-related increase of brain iron in young adult and older normal males. Magn Reson Imaging 15(1):29\u201335","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00186.x","volume":"76","author":"L Zecca","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zecca L, Gallorini M, Schunemann V, Trautwein AX, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Vezzoni P, Tampellini D (2001) Iron, neuromelanin and ferritin content in the substantia nigra of normal subjects at different ages: consequences for iron storage and neurodegenerative processes. J Neurochem 76(6):1766\u20131773","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(84)90081-2","volume":"5","author":"WR Markesbery","year":"1984","unstructured":"Markesbery WR, Ehmann WD, Alauddin M, Hossain TI (1984) Brain trace element concentrations in aging. Neurobiol Aging 5(1):19\u201328","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9284_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-102-309","volume":"10","author":"RA Yokel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yokel RA (2006) Blood\u2013brain barrier flux of aluminum, manganese, iron and other metals suspected to contribute to metal-induced neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 10(2\u20133):223\u2013253","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"9284_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(89)90036-3","volume":"78","author":"TM Florence","year":"1989","unstructured":"Florence TM, Stauber JL (1989) Manganese catalysis of dopamine oxidation. Sci Total Environ 78:233\u2013240","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1021\/cn5001183","volume":"5","author":"G Agam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agam G (2014) Current hypotheses of lithium\u2019s mechanism of action as a neuropsychiatric medication. ACS Chem Neurosci 5(6):410","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.197","volume":"5","author":"CJ Weydert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ (2010) Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue. Nat Protoc 5(1):51\u201366","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90071-3","volume":"6","author":"RG Allen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Allen RG, Balin AK (1989) Oxidative influence on development and differentiation: an overview of a free radical theory of development. Free Radic Biol Med 6(6):631\u2013661","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)80066-N","volume":"75","author":"DM Hockenbery","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hockenbery DM, Oltvai ZN, Yin XM, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ (1993) Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 75(2):241\u2013251","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR46","first-page":"17","volume":"3","author":"M Shibanuma","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shibanuma M, Kuroki T, Nose K (1988) Induction of DNA-replication and expression of proto-oncogene cis-myc and cis-fos in quiescent balb\/3t3 cells by xanthine xanthine-oxidase. Oncogene 3(1):17\u201321","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"26","key":"9284_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.26.15703","volume":"271","author":"YY Lo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lo YY, Wong JM, Cruz TF (1996) Reactive oxygen species mediate cytokine activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases. J Biol Chem 271(26):15703\u201315707","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9284_CR48","volume-title":"Biochemistry","author":"JM Berg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berg JM, Tymoczko L, Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry, 7th edn. W. H. Freeman, York","edition":"7"},{"key":"9284_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081386","volume":"417","author":"MP Murphy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murphy MP (2009) How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species. Biochem J 417:1\u201313","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9284_CR50","volume-title":"Oxidative stress and free radical damge in neurology. Oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice","author":"J Friedman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedman J (2011) Why is the nervous system vulnerable to oxidative stress? In: Gadoth N, Goebel HH (eds) Oxidative stress and free radical damge in neurology. Oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice. Humana Press, New York"},{"key":"9284_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bielski BHJ, Cabelli DE, Arudi RL, Ross AB (1985) Reactivity of HO2\/O2 \u2013 radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 14:1041\u20131100","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555739"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2003.11.018","volume":"45","author":"\u00c1 Hermida-Ameijeiras","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hermida-Ameijeiras \u00c1, M\u00e9ndez-\u00c1lvarez EA, S\u00e1nchez-Iglesias SA, Sanmart\u0131\u0301n-Su\u00e1rez C, Soto-Otero R (2004) Autoxidation and MAO-mediated metabolism of dopamine as a potential cause of oxidative stress: role of ferrous and ferric ions. Neurochem Int 45(1):103\u2013116","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1039\/p29950000259","volume":"2","author":"E Herlinger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Herlinger E, Jameson RF, Linert W (1995) Spontaneous autoxidation of dopamine. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2(2):259\u2013263","journal-title":"J Chem Soc Perkin Trans"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x","volume":"59","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Halliwell B (1992) Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. J Neurochem 59(5):1609\u20131623","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"14","key":"9284_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83102-7","volume":"264","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fridovich I (1989) Superoxide dismutases. An adaptation to a paramagnetic gas. J Biol Chem 264(14):7761\u20137764","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009087987","volume":"8","author":"FE Maly","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maly FE (1990) The B lymphocyte: a newly recognized source of reactive oxygen species with immunoregulatory potential. Free Radic Res Commun 8(3):143\u2013148","journal-title":"Free Radic Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1390043","volume":"139","author":"RC Bray","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bray RC, Cockle SA, Fielden EM, Roberts PB, Rotilio G, Calabrese L (1974) Reduction and inactivation of superoxide dismutase by hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J 139(1):43\u201348","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"24","key":"9284_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00695a010","volume":"14","author":"EK Hodgson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hodgson EK, Fridovich I (1975) The interaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide: inactivation of the enzyme. Biochemistry 14(24):5294\u20135299","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"9284_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43062-6","volume":"259","author":"N Shimizu","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shimizu N, Kobayashi K, Hayashi K (1984) The reaction of superoxide radical with catalase. Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by superoxide radical. J Biol Chem 259(7):4414\u20134418","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"9284_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1021\/cr4005296","volume":"114","author":"Y Sheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheng Y, Abreu IA, Cabelli DE, Maroney MJ, Miller A-F, Teixeira M, Valentine JS (2014) Chem Rev 114(7):3854\u20133918","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"30","key":"9284_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18515","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18515","volume":"272","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fridovich I (1997) Superoxide anion radical (O2\u00b7\u2013), superoxide dismutases, and related matters. J Biol Chem 272(30):18515\u201318517","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1074","volume":"300","author":"GR Buettner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Buettner GR (1993) The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: lipid peroxidation, \u03b1-tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 300(2):535\u2013543","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.85","volume":"4","author":"CC Winterbourn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Winterbourn CC (2008) Reconciling the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species. Nat Chem Biol 4(5):278\u2013286","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.13-53","volume":"54","author":"Y Sueishi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sueishi Y, Hori M, Ishikawa M, Matsu-ura K, Kamogawa E, Honda Y, Kita M, Ohara K (2014) Scavenging rate constants of hydrophilic antioxidants against multiple reactive oxygen species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 54(2):67\u201374","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"9284_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1424","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.5.C1424","volume":"271","author":"JS Beckman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beckman JS, Koppenol WH (1996) Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 271:C1424\u2013C1437","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"9284_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525","volume":"64","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fridovich I (1995) Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases. Annu Rev Biochem 64:97\u2013112","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-007-0756-2","volume":"12","author":"M Ott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B (2007) Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis 12(5):913\u2013922","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00046-0","volume":"29","author":"DS Cassarino","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cassarino DS, Bennett JP Jr (1999) An evaluation of the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases: mitochondrial mutations and oxidative pathology, protective nuclear responses, and cell death in neurodegeneration. Brain Res Rev 29(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01674-1","volume":"25","author":"S Raha","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raha S, Robinson BH (2000) Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing. Trends Biochem Sci 25(10):502\u2013508","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"42","key":"9284_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38388","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105395200","volume":"276","author":"A Okado-Matsumoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okado-Matsumoto A, Fridovich I (2001) Subcellular distribution of superoxide dismutases (SOD) in rat liver: Cu, Zn-SOD in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 276(42):38388\u201338393","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"41","key":"9284_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38084","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105296200","volume":"276","author":"LA Sturtz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sturtz LA, Diekert K, Jensen LT, Lill R, Culotta VC (2001) A fraction of yeast Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and its metallochaperone, CCS, localize to the intermembrane space of mitochondria. A physiological role for SOD1 in guarding against mitochondrial oxidative damage. J Biol Chem 276(41):38084\u201338089","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90944-6","volume":"58","author":"GH Wong","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wong GH, Elwell JH, Oberley LW, Goeddel DV (1989) Manganous superoxide dismutase is essential for cellular resistance to cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor. Cell 58(5):923\u2013931","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(82)90360-6","volume":"126","author":"SL Marklund","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marklund SL, Holme E, Hellner L (1982) Superoxide dismutase in extracellular fluids. Clin Chim Acta 126(1):41\u201351","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"24","key":"9284_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7634","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.24.7634","volume":"79","author":"SL Marklund","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marklund SL (1982) Human copper-containing superoxide dismutase of high molecular weight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79(24):7634\u20137638","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2004.02.011","volume":"8","author":"A-F Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller A-F (2004) Superoxide dismutases: active sites that save, but a protein that kills. Curr Opin Chem Biol 8(2):162\u2013168","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"9284_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.001323","volume":"23","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fridovich I (1983) Superoxide radical: an endogenous toxicant. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 23:239\u2013257","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"9284_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miwa S, Muller FL, Beckman KB (2008) The basics of oxidative biochemistry. In: Miwa S, Beckman KB, Muller FL (eds) Oxidative stress in aging: from model systems to human diseases. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-420-9_2"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.3.527","volume":"59","author":"B Chance","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A (1979) Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev 59(3):527\u2013605","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1390049","volume":"139","author":"EM Fielden","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fielden EM, Roberts PB, Bray RC, Lowe DJ, Mautner GN, Rotilio G, Calabrese L (1974) Mechanism of action of superoxide dismutase from pulse radiolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance. Evidence that only half the active sites function in catalysis. Biochem J 139(1):49\u201360","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"15","key":"9284_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)44987-9","volume":"247","author":"D Klug","year":"1972","unstructured":"Klug D, Rabani J, Fridovich I (1972) A direct demonstration of the catalytic action of superoxide dismutase through the use of pulse radiolysis. J Biol Chem 247(15):4839\u20134842","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(73)90636-X","volume":"158","author":"HJ Forman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Forman HJ, Fridovich I (1973) Superoxide dismutase: a comparison of rate constants. Arch Biochem Biophys 158(1):396\u2013400","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"9284_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769309145868","volume":"18","author":"RE Huie","year":"1993","unstructured":"Huie RE, Padmaja S (1993) The reaction rate of nitric oxide with superoxide. Free Radic Res Commun 18:195\u2013199","journal-title":"Free Radic Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1470493","volume":"147","author":"DD Tyler","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tyler DD (1975) Polarographic assay and intracellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat liver. Biochem J 147(3):493\u2013504","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9284_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.197","volume":"22","author":"JC Shih","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shih JC, Chen K, Ridd MJ (1999) Monoamine oxidase: from genes to behavior. Annu Rev Neurosci 22:197\u2013217","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"15","key":"9284_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867043364784","volume":"11","author":"DE Edmondson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edmondson DE, Mattevi A, Binda C, Li M, Hubalek F (2004) Structure and mechanism of monoamine oxidase. Curr Med Chem 11(15):1983\u20131993","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113190990406","volume":"20","author":"DE Edmondson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edmondson DE (2014) Hydrogen peroxide produced by mitochondrial monoamine oxidase catalysis: biological implications. Curr Pharm Des 20(2):155\u2013160","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"20","key":"9284_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.2174\/156802612805219978","volume":"12","author":"RR Ramsay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramsay RR (2012) Monoamine oxidases: the biochemistry of the proteins as targets in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 12(20):2189\u20132209","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.14.23","volume":"6","author":"S Chajkowski-Scarry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chajkowski-Scarry S, Rimoldi JM (2014) Monoamine oxidase A and B substrates: probing the pathway for drug development. Futur Med Chem 6(6):697\u2013717","journal-title":"Futur Med Chem"},{"issue":"20","key":"9284_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1021\/bi900413g","volume":"48","author":"DE Edmondson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edmondson DE, Binda C, Wang J, Upadhyay AK, Mattevi A (2009) Molecular and mechanistic properties of the membrane-bound mitochondrial monoamine oxidases. Biochemistry 48(20):4220\u20134230","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.02.010","volume":"143","author":"JPM Finberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finberg JPM (2014) Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monoamine neurotransmitter release. Pharmacol Ther 143(2):133\u2013152","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12349","volume":"170","author":"O Sader-Mazbar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sader-Mazbar O, Loboda Y, Rabey MJ, Finberg JPM (2013) Increased L-DOPA-derived dopamine following selective MAO-A or -B inhibition in rat striatum depleted of dopaminergic and serotonergic innervation. Br J Pharmacol 170(5):999\u20131013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63010108.x","volume":"63","author":"SR Wachtel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wachtel SR, Abercrombie ED (1994) l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dopamine release in the striatum of intact and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats: differential effects of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors. J Neurochem 63(1):108\u2013117","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9284_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00085-8","volume":"25","author":"T Nagatsu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagatsu T (2004) Progress in monoamine oxidase (MAO) research in relation to genetic engineering. NeuroToxicology 25(1\u20132):11\u201320","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"9284_CR94","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases","author":"KN Westlund","year":"1994","unstructured":"Westlund KN (1994) The distribution of monoamine oxidases A and B in normal human brain. In: Lieberman A, Olanow CW, Youdim MBH, Tipton K (eds) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases. Dekker, New York, pp 1\u201319"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90250-3","volume":"25","author":"KN Westlund","year":"1988","unstructured":"Westlund KN, Denney RM, Rose RM, Abell CW (1988) Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase a and monoamine oxidase b cell populations in human brainstem. Neuroscience 25(2):439\u2013456","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"9284_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.24690","volume":"82","author":"M Repi\u010d","year":"2014","unstructured":"Repi\u010d M, Vianello R, Purg M, Duarte F, Bauer P, Kamerlin SCL, Mavri J (2014) Empirical valence bond simulations of the hydride transfer step in the monoamine oxidase B catalyzed metabolism of dopamine. Proteins: Struct Funct Bioinforma 82(12):3347\u20133355","journal-title":"Proteins: Struct Funct Bioinforma"},{"issue":"36","key":"9284_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7057","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201201122","volume":"2012","author":"R Vianello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vianello R, Repi\u010d M, Mavri J (2012) How are biogenic amines metabolized by monoamine oxidases? Eur J Org Chem 2012(36):7057\u20137065","journal-title":"Eur J Org Chem"},{"issue":"21","key":"9284_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610893200","volume":"282","author":"M Bisaglia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bisaglia M, Mammi S, Bubacco L (2007) Kinetic and structural analysis of the early oxidation products of dopamine: analysis of the interactions with \u03b1-synuclein. J Biol Chem 282(21):15597\u201315605","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.009","volume":"30","author":"D Sulzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sulzer D (2007) Multiple hit hypotheses for dopamine neuron loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Trends Neurosci 30(5):244\u2013250","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"13","key":"9284_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21027","volume":"58","author":"A Bottelbergs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bottelbergs A, Verheijden S, Hulshagen L, Gutmann DH, Goebbels S, Nave K-A, Kassmann C, Baes M (2010) Axonal integrity in the absence of functional peroxisomes from projection neurons and astrocytes. Glia 58(13):1532\u20131543","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","volume":"24","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak H, Tredici KD, R\u00fcb U, de Vos RAI, Jansen Steur ENH, Braak E (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24(2):197\u2013211","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"9284_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02263482","volume":"1","author":"B Fornstedt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fornstedt B, Brun A, Rosengren E, Carlsson A (1989) The apparent autoxidation rate of catechols on dopamine-rich regions of human brains increases with the degree of depigmentation of substantia nigra. J Neural Transm 1:279\u2013295","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9284_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00556.x","volume":"79","author":"J-D Troadec","year":"2001","unstructured":"Troadec J-D, Marien M, Darios F, Hartmann A, Ruberg M, Colpaert F, Michel PP (2001) Noradrenaline provides long-term protection to dopaminergic neurons by reducing oxidative stress. J Neurochem 79:200\u2013210","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970185w","volume":"11","author":"MZ Wrona","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wrona MZ, Dryhurst G (1998) Oxidation of serotonin by superoxide radical: implications to neurodegenerative brain disorders. Chem Res Toxicol 11(6):639\u2013650","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"9284_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.037","volume":"277","author":"M Politis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Politis M, Niccolini F (2015) Serotonin in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Brain Res 277:136\u2013145","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(73)90040-4","volume":"154","author":"N Oshino","year":"1973","unstructured":"Oshino N, Chance B, Sies H, Bucher T (1973) The role of H2O2 generation in perfused rat liver and the reaction of catalase compound I and hydrogen donors. Arch Biochem Biophys 154(1):117\u2013131","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.009","volume":"160","author":"M Valko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 160(1):1\u201340","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.110190","volume":"38","author":"TJ Revett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Revett TJ, Baker GB, Jhamandas J, Kar S (2013) Glutamate system, amyloid ss peptides and tau protein: functional interrelationships and relevance to Alzheimer disease pathology. J Psychiatry Neurosci 38(1):6\u201323","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.21.25","volume":"21","author":"CG Rousseaux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rousseaux CG (2008) A review of glutamate receptors I: current understanding of their biology. J Toxicol Pathol 21(1):25\u201351","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00134.x","volume":"16","author":"VM Andre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andre VM, Cepeda C, Levine MS (2010) Dopamine and glutamate in Huntington\u2019s disease: a balancing act. CNS Neurosci Ther 16(3):163\u2013178","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0809-1","volume":"460","author":"A Lau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lau A, Tymianski M (2010) Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Pflugers Archiv-Eu J Physiol 460(2):525\u2013542","journal-title":"Pflugers Archiv-Eu J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.04.013","volume":"100","author":"NW Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu NW, Ondrejcak T, Rowan MJ (2012) Glutamate receptors in preclinical research on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: update on recent advances. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100(4):855\u2013862","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2004.03.007","volume":"45","author":"MR Hynd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hynd MR, Scott HL, Dodd PR (2004) Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurochem Int 45(5):583\u2013595","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"6437","key":"9284_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/364535a0","volume":"364","author":"M Lafon-Cazal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lafon-Cazal M, Pietri S, Culcasi M, Bockaert J (1993) NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity. Nature 364(6437):535\u2013537","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5398","key":"9284_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5398.70","volume":"283","author":"C Ikonomidou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikonomidou C, Bosch F, Miksa M, Bittigau P, V\u00f6ckler J, Dikranian K, Tenkova TI, Stefovska V et al (1999) Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Science 283(5398):70\u201374","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02437-1","volume":"497","author":"A Atlante","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atlante A, Calissano P, Bobba A, Giannattasio S, Marra E, Passarella S (2001) Glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondria. FEBS Lett 497(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.1.6","volume":"58","author":"P Pacher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szab\u00f3 C (2006) Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev 58(1):87\u2013114","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"41","key":"9284_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14885","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9045394","volume":"131","author":"S Metz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metz S, Thiel W (2009) A combined QM\/MM study on the reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase: substrate orientation and mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 131(41):14885\u201314902","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68052038.x","volume":"68","author":"A Atlante","year":"1997","unstructured":"Atlante A, Gagliardi S, Minervini GM, Ciotti MT, Marra E, Calissano P (1997) Glutamate neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells: a major role for xanthine oxidase in oxygen radical formation. J Neurochem 68(5):2038\u20132045","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02057.x","volume":"167","author":"W Danysz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danysz W, Parsons CG (2012) Alzheimer\u2019s disease, \u03b2-amyloid, glutamate, NMDA receptors and memantine\u2014searching for the connections. Br J Pharmacol 167(2):324\u2013352","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9284_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712799462649","volume":"19","author":"KA Rahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rahn KA, Slusher BS, Kaplin AI (2012) Glutamate in CNS neurodegeneration and cognition and its regulation by GCPII inhibition. Curr Med Chem 19(9):1335\u20131345","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"9284_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frigo M, Cogo MG, Fusco ML, Gardinetti M, Frigeni B (2012) Glutamate and multiple sclerosis. Curr Med Chem 19(9)","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712799462559"},{"key":"9284_CR123","volume-title":"Free radicals in biology and medicine","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge J (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"9284_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1179\/135100001101536373","volume":"6","author":"WH Koppenol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koppenol WH (2001) The Haber-Weiss cycle 70\u00a0years later. Redox Rep 6:229\u2013234","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"9284_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skerrett R, Malm T, Landreth G (2014) Nuclear receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiology of Disease 72, Part A (0):104\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.05.019"},{"key":"9284_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hipkiss AR (2009) Chapter 3 carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. In: Steve LT (ed) Advances in food and nutrition research, vol 57. Academic Press, pp 87\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(09)57003-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20008","volume":"75","author":"R Tabakman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tabakman R, Jiang H, Levine RA, Kohen R, Lazarovici P (2004) Apoptotic characteristics of cell death and the neuroprotective effect of homocarnosine on pheochromocytoma PC12 cells exposed to ischemia. J Neurosci Res 75(4):499","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"9284_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.10.009","volume":"32","author":"F Bellia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bellia F, Vecchio G, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V, Rizzarelli E (2011) Neuroprotective features of carnosine in oxidative driven diseases. Mol Asp Med 32(4\u20136):258\u2013266","journal-title":"Mol Asp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2174\/157488411798375903","volume":"6","author":"MA Babizhayev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yegorov YE (2011) Olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment in age-related neurodegeneration: prevalence related to patient selection, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic treatment of aged clients receiving clinical neurology and community-based care. Curr Clin Pharmacol 6(4):236\u2013259","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1021\/jf063089m","volume":"55","author":"SS Wijeratne","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wijeratne SS, Cuppett SL (2007) Potential of rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) diterpenes in preventing lipid hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 55(4):1193\u20131199","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"9284_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.9.3175","volume":"85","author":"R Kohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kohen R, Yamamoto Y, Cundy KC, Ames BN (1988) Antioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85(9):3175\u20133179","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(88)90015-3","volume":"967","author":"JJ O\u2019Dowd","year":"1988","unstructured":"O\u2019Dowd JJ, Robins DJ, Miller DJ (1988) Detection, characterisation, and quantification of carnosine and other histidyl derivatives in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 967(2):241\u2013249","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2003.10.008","volume":"137","author":"A Boldyrev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boldyrev A, Bulygina E, Leinsoo T, Petrushanko I, Tsubone S, Abe H (2004) Protection of neuronal cells against reactive oxygen species by carnosine and related compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol 137(1):81\u201388","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00273-0","volume":"94","author":"A Boldyrev","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boldyrev A, Song R, Lawrence D, Carpenter DO (1999) Carnosine protects against excitotoxic cell death independently of effects on reactive oxygen species. Neuroscience 94(2):571\u2013577","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2007.03.038","volume":"43","author":"F Bellia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bellia F, Amorini AM, La Mendola D, Vecchio G, Tavazzi B, Giardina B, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G et al (2008) New glycosidic derivatives of histidine-containing dipeptides with antioxidant properties and resistant to carnosinase activity. Eur J Med Chem 43(2):373\u2013380","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2004-6607","volume":"6","author":"A Boldyrev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boldyrev A, Koudinov A, Berezov T, Carpenter DO (2004) Amyloid-\u00df induced cell death is independent of free radicals. J Alzheimers Dis 6(6):633\u2013638","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201200704","volume":"14","author":"F Attanasio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Attanasio F, Convertino M, Magno A, Caflisch A, Corazza A, Haridas H, Esposito G, Cataldo S et al (2013) Carnosine inhibits A\u03b242 aggregation by perturbing the H-bond network in and around the central hydrophobic cluster. ChemBioChem 14(5):583\u2013592","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-007-9235-0","volume":"28","author":"Q Fu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fu Q, Dai H, Hu W, Fan Y, Shen Y, Zhang W, Chen Z (2008) Carnosine Protects Against A\u03b242-induced Neurotoxicity in Differentiated Rat PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 28(2):307\u2013316","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"9284_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100414","volume":"20","author":"H Atamna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atamna H, Kumar R (2010) Protective role of methylene blue in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via mitochondria and cytochrome c oxidase. J Alzheimers Dis 20:439\u2013452","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510791383787","volume":"7","author":"X Fernandez-Busquets","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fernandez-Busquets X, Ponce J, Bravo R, Arimon M, Martianez T, Gella A, Cladera J, Durany N (2010) Modulation of amyloid \u03b2 peptide1-42 cytotoxicity and aggregation in vitro by glucose and chondroitin sulfate. Curr Alzheimer Res 7(5):428\u2013438","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-11210","volume":"11","author":"AR Hipkiss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hipkiss AR (2007) Could carnosine or related structures suppress Alzheimer\u2019s disease? J Alzheimers Dis 11(2):229\u2013240","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0409-8","volume":"32","author":"AN Fonteh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG (2007) Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects. Amino Acids 32(2):213\u2013224","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"8","key":"9284_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209764200","volume":"278","author":"M Teufel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teufel M, Saudek V, Ledig JP, Bernhardt A, Boularand S, Carreau A, Cairns NJ, Carter C et al (2003) Sequence identification and characterization of human carnosinase and a closely related non-specific dipeptidase. J Biol Chem 278(8):6521\u20136531","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvi016","volume":"137","author":"H Otani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Otani H, Okumura N, Hashida-Okumura A, Nagai K (2005) Identification and characterization of a mouse dipeptidase that hydrolyzes l-carnosine. J Biochem 137(2):167\u2013175","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00969.x","volume":"26","author":"MA Babizhayev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Babizhayev MA (2012) Biomarkers and special features of oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye linked to lens cataract and the trabecular meshwork injury in primary open-angle glaucoma: challenges of dual combination therapy with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and oral formulation of nonhydrolyzed carnosine. Fund Clin Pharmacol 26(1):86\u2013117","journal-title":"Fund Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(95)00011-9","volume":"21","author":"PL McGeer","year":"1995","unstructured":"McGeer PL, McGeer EG (1995) The inflammatory response system of brain: implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Rev 21(2):195\u2013218","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","volume":"140","author":"CK Glass","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glass CK, Saijo K, Winner B, Marchetto MC, Gage FH (2010) Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration. Cell 140(6):918\u2013934","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035048","volume":"304","author":"B Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu B, Hong J-S (2003) Role of microglia in inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00794-8","volume":"35","author":"T Wyss-Coray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wyss-Coray T, Mucke L (2002) Inflammation in neurodegenerative disease\u2014a double-edged sword. Neuron 35(3):419\u2013432","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004","volume":"76","author":"ML Block","year":"2005","unstructured":"Block ML, Hong J-S (2005) Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism. Prog Neurobiol 76(2):77\u201398","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"9284_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706400","volume":"147","author":"S-M Lucas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lucas S-M, Rothwell NJ, Gibson RM (2006) The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease. Br J Pharmacol 147(S1):S232\u2013S240","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"9284_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellwardt E, Zipp F (2014) Molecular mechanisms linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. Experimental Neurology 262, Part A (0):8\u201317.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.02.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03225.x","volume":"129","author":"S Amor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amor S, Puentes F, Baker D, van der Valk P (2010) Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 129(2):154\u2013169","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1607","key":"9284_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0313","volume":"367","author":"SD Skaper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skaper SD, Di Marzo V (2012) Endocannabinoids in nervous system health and disease: the big picture in a nutshell. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 367(1607):3193\u20133200","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5566","key":"9284_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","volume":"296","author":"P Matzinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matzinger P (2002) The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 296(5566):301\u2013305","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(98)00096-7","volume":"19","author":"BA in\u2019t Veld","year":"1998","unstructured":"in\u2019t Veld BA, Launer LJ, Hoes AW, Ott A, Hofman A, Breteler MM, Stricker BH (1998) NSAIDs and incident Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The Rotterdam Study. Neurobiol Aging 19(6):607\u2013611","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820f2d79","volume":"76","author":"X Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A (2011) Use of ibuprofen and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 76(10):863\u2013869","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58656","volume":"122","author":"E Czirr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Czirr E, Wyss-Coray T (2012) The immunology of neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 122(4):1156\u20131163","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR159","first-page":"286","volume":"187","author":"J Hakim","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hakim J (1993) Reactive oxygen species and inflammation. C R Soc Seances Soc Biol Fil 187(3):286\u2013295","journal-title":"C R Soc Seances Soc Biol Fil"},{"key":"9284_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823902","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/823902","volume":"2012","author":"S Koppula","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koppula S, Kumar H, Kim IS, Choi DK (2012) Reactive oxygen species and inhibitors of inflammatory enzymes, NADPH oxidase, and iNOS in experimental models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mediat Inflamm 2012:823902","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"1, Part B","key":"9284_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.09.016","volume":"1838","author":"RM Cordeiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cordeiro RM (2014) Reactive oxygen species at phospholipid bilayers: distribution, mobility and permeation. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1838(1, Part B):438\u2013444","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2013.04.001","volume":"2","author":"Z Radak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Radak Z, Marton O, Nagy E, Koltai E, Goto S (2013) The complex role of physical exercise and reactive oxygen species on brain. J Sport Health Sci 2(2):87\u201393","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"9284_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006","volume":"87","author":"P Pacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev 87:315\u2013424","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"9284_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2222","volume":"6","author":"C Szab\u00f3","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 C, Ischiropoulos H, Radi R (2007) Peroxynitrite: biochemistry, pathophysiology and development of therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6(8):662\u2013680","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"9284_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033290","volume":"1","author":"D Metodiewa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Metodiewa D, Koska C (1999) Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species: relevance to cyto(neuro)toxic events and neurologic disorders. An overview. Neurotox Res 1:197\u2013233","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"9284_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.191","volume":"39","author":"AJ Hobbs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hobbs AJ, Higgs A, Moncada S (1999) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase as a potential therapeutic target. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 39:191\u2013220","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9284_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.01.017","volume":"48","author":"K Igarashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Igarashi K, Kashiwagi K (2010) Characteristics of cellular polyamine transport in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Plant Physiol Biochem 48(7):506\u2013512","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1021\/cn300170x","volume":"4","author":"J Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo J, Yu CH, Yu H, Borstnar R, Kamerlin SC, Graslund A, Abrahams JP, Warmlander SK (2013) Cellular polyamines promote amyloid-Beta (abeta) peptide fibrillation and modulate the aggregation pathways. ACS Chem Neurosci 4(3):454\u2013462","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"9284_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8545(98)00243-4","volume":"188","author":"A Bencini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bencini A, Bianchi A, Garcia-Espana E, Micheloni M, Ramirez JA (1999) Proton coordination by polyamine compounds in aqueous solution. Coord Chem Rev 188:97\u2013156","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1703","volume":"26","author":"MK Chattopadhyay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay MK, Chen WP, Poy G, Cam M, Stiles D, Tabor H (2009) Microarray studies on the genes responsive to the addition of spermidine or spermine to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae spermidine synthase mutant. Yeast 26(10):531\u2013544","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"issue":"8","key":"9284_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100361","volume":"3","author":"N Minois","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minois N, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F (2011) Polyamines in aging and disease. Aging 3(8):716\u2013732","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.01.003","volume":"29","author":"SS Hussain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hussain SS, Ali M, Ahmad M, Siddique KH (2011) Polyamines: natural and engineered abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. Biotechnol Adv 29(3):300\u2013311","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"11","key":"9284_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1975","volume":"11","author":"T Eisenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenberg T, Knauer H, Schauer A, Buttner S, Ruckenstuhl C, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Ring J, Schroeder S et al (2009) Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity. Nat Cell Biol 11(11):1305\u20131314","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-4900(94)80008-1","volume":"81","author":"S Rubinstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rubinstein S, Breitbart H (1994) Cellular localization of polyamines: cytochemical and ultrastructural methods providing new clues to polyamine function in ram spermatozoa. Biol Cell 81(2):177\u2013183","journal-title":"Biol Cell"},{"key":"9284_CR175","first-page":"57","volume":"1","author":"M Yatin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yatin M (2002) Polyamines in living organisms. J Cell Mol Biol 1:57\u201367","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208249200","volume":"278","author":"T Antony","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antony T, Hoyer W, Cherny D, Heim G, Jovin TM, Subramaniam V (2003) Cellular polyamines promote the aggregation of alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 278(5):3235\u20133240","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100405","volume":"21","author":"M Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh M, Dang TN, Arseneault M, Ramassamy C (2010) Role of by-products of lipid oxidation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: a focus on acrolein. J Alzheimers Dis 21(3):741\u2013756","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11881-V","volume":"197","author":"LD Morrison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morrison LD, Kish SJ (1995) Brain polyamine levels are altered in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 197(1):5\u20138","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9284_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)12451-4","volume":"206","author":"R Seidl","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seidl R, Beninati S, Cairns N, Singewald N, Risser D, Bavan H, Nemethova M, Lubec G (1996) Polyamines in frontal cortex of patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Neurosci Lett 206(2\u20133):193\u2013195","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9284_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01776-1","volume":"304","author":"M Vivo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vivo M, de Vera N, Cortes R, Mengod G, Camon L, Martinez E (2001) Polyamines in the basal ganglia of human brain. Influence of aging and degenerative movement disorders. Neurosci Lett 304(1\u20132):107\u2013111","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20010301)63:5<395::AID-JNR1034>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"63","author":"SM Yatin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yatin SM, Yatin M, Varadarajan S, Ain KB, Butterfield DA (2001) Role of spermine in amyloid beta-peptide-associated free radical-induced neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Res 63(5):395\u2013401","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7952","volume":"177","author":"C Gomes-Trolin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gomes-Trolin C, Nygren I, Aquilonius SM, Askmark H (2002) Increased red blood cell polyamines in ALS and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 177(2):515\u2013520","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600211","volume":"23","author":"CO Fernandez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fernandez CO, Hoyer W, Zweckstetter M, Jares-Erijman EA, Subramaniam V, Griesinger C, Jovin TM (2004) NMR of alpha-synuclein-polyamine complexes elucidates the mechanism and kinetics of induced aggregation. EMBO J 23(10):2039\u20132046","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"35","key":"9284_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11147","DOI":"10.1021\/jp801175w","volume":"112","author":"M Grabenauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grabenauer M, Bernstein SL, Lee JC, Wyttenbach T, Dupuis NF, Gray HB, Winkler JR, Bowers MT (2008) Spermine binding to Parkinson\u2019s protein alpha-synuclein and its disease-related A30P and A53T mutants. J Phys Chem B 112(35):11147\u201311154","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407146102","volume":"102","author":"CW Bertoncini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bertoncini CW, Jung YS, Fernandez CO, Hoyer W, Griesinger C, Jovin TM, Zweckstetter M (2005) Release of long-range tertiary interactions potentiates aggregation of natively unstructured alpha-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(5):1430\u20131435","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR186","first-page":"141","volume":"2","author":"RK Chowhan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chowhan RK, Singh LR (2012) Polyamines in modulating protein aggregation. J Protein Proteomics 2(3):141\u2013150","journal-title":"J Protein Proteomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000312","volume":"5","author":"S Merali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Merali S, Barrero CA, Sacktor NC, Haughey NJ, Datta PK, Langford D, Khalili K (2014) Polyamines: predictive biomarker for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J AIDS Clin Res 5(6):2155\u20136113","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"9284_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666140917121943","volume":"13","author":"RK Chowhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chowhan RK, Mittal S, Dar TA, Kamal MA, Singh LR (2014) Ignored avenues in alpha-synuclein associated proteopathy. CNS Neurol Disords-Drug Targets 13(7):1246\u20131257","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disords-Drug Targets"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003394","volume":"3","author":"FE Herrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrera FE, Chesi A, Paleologou KE, Schmid A, Munoz A, Vendruscolo M, Gustincich S, Lashuel HA et al (2008) Inhibition of \u03b1-synuclein fibrillization by dopamine is mediated by interactions with five C-terminal residues and with E83 in the NAC region. PLoS ONE 3(10), e3394","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009234","volume":"5","author":"D Latawiec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Latawiec D, Herrera F, Bek A, Losasso V, Candotti M, Benetti F, Carlino E, Kranjc A et al (2010) Modulation of alpha-synuclein aggregation by dopamine analogs. PLoS ONE 5(2), e9234","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9284_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21212","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412621200","volume":"280","author":"EH Norris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Norris EH, Giasson BI, Hodara R, Xu S, Trojanowski JQ, Ischiropoulos H, Lee VM-Y (2005) Reversible inhibition of \u03b1-synuclein fibrillization by dopaminochrome-mediated conformational alterations. J Biol Chem 280:21212\u201321219","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"43","key":"9284_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31621","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M704737200","volume":"282","author":"JR Mazzulli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mazzulli JR, Armakola M, Dumoulin M, Parastatidis I, Ischiropoulos H (2007) Cellular oligomerization of \u03b1-synuclein is determined by the interaction of oxidized catechols with a C-terminal sequence. J Biol Chem 282(43):31621\u201331630","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"9284_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0799-9","volume":"37","author":"M Essa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Essa M, Vijayan R, Castellano-Gonzalez G, Memon M, Braidy N, Guillemin G (2012) Neuroprotective effect of natural products against Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurochem Res 37(9):1829\u20131842","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.032","volume":"35","author":"AR Hipkiss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hipkiss AR (2014) Aging risk factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: contrasting roles of common dietary constituents. Neurobiol Aging 35(6):1469\u20131472","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284971","volume":"43","author":"A Witschi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH (1992) The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 43(6):667\u2013669","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9284_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/1040869059096","volume":"45","author":"A Scalbert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, R\u00e9m\u00e9sy C, Jim\u00e9nez L (2005) Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 45(4):287\u2013306","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(94)00135-K","volume":"1243","author":"M Joshi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Joshi M, Billing BH, Hallinan T (1995) Investigation of the role of reactive oxygen species in bilirubin metabolism in the Gunn rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1243(2):244\u2013250","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"issue":"12","key":"9284_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201400266","volume":"347","author":"J Trujillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trujillo J, Granados-Castro LF, Zazueta C, And\u00e9rica-Romero AC, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverr\u00ed J (2014) Mitochondria as a target in the therapeutic properties of curcumin. Arch Pharm 347(12):873\u2013884","journal-title":"Arch Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.40220","volume":"11","author":"S Mishra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mishra S, Palanivelu K (2008) The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an overview. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 11(1):13\u201319","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9284_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.05.003","volume":"174","author":"T Ak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ak T, G\u00fcl\u00e7in \u0130 (2008) Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chem Biol Interact 174(1):27\u201337","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"25","key":"9284_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500642f","volume":"53","author":"S Gautam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gautam S, Karmakar S, Bose A, Chowdhury PK (2014) \u03b2-cyclodextrin and curcumin, a potent cocktail for disaggregating and\/or inhibiting amyloids: a case study with \u03b1-synuclein. Biochemistry 53(25):4081\u20134083","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"9284_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500156","volume":"50","author":"S Mandel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mandel S, Amit T, Reznichenko L, Weinreb O, Youdim MBH (2006) Green tea catechins as brain-permeable, natural iron chelators-antioxidants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 50(2):229\u2013234","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.08.004","volume":"26","author":"MJ Glade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glade MJ (2010) Caffeine\u2014not just a stimulant. Nutrition 26(10):932\u2013938","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"9284_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89615-9_16","volume-title":"Adenosine receptors in health and disease","author":"A Sebasti\u00e3o","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sebasti\u00e3o A, Ribeiro J (2009) Adenosine receptors and the central nervous system. In: Wilson CN, Mustafa SJ (eds) Adenosine receptors in health and disease, vol 193. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp 471\u2013534"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9284_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.01.083","volume":"101","author":"M Rivera-Oliver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rivera-Oliver M, D\u00edaz-R\u00edos M (2014) Using caffeine and other adenosine receptor antagonists and agonists as therapeutic tools against neurodegenerative diseases: a review. Life Sci 101(1\u20132):1\u20139","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9284_CR206","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"JG Hardman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG (2005) Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 11th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York","edition":"11"},{"key":"9284_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201100873","volume":"32","author":"R Bor\u0161tnar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bor\u0161tnar R, Repi\u010d M, Kr\u017ean M, Mavri J, Vianello R (2011) Irreversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase B by the antiparkinsonian medicines rasagiline and selegiline: a computational study. Eur J Org Chem 32:6419\u20136433","journal-title":"Eur J Org Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"9284_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1016-y","volume":"120","author":"M Pavlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pavlin M, Mavri J, Repi\u010d M, Vianello R (2013) Quantum-chemical approach to determining the high potency of clorgyline as an irreversible acetylenic monoamine oxidase inhibitor. J Neural Transm 120(6):875\u2013882","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9284_CR209","first-page":"185","volume":"44","author":"R Pavlin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pavlin R, Sket D (1993) Effect of cigarette smoke on brain monoamine oxidase activity. Farmacevtski Vestnik 44:185\u2013192","journal-title":"Farmacevtski Vestnik"},{"issue":"24","key":"9284_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14065","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14065","volume":"93","author":"JS Fowler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, Shea C, Alexoff D, MacGregor RR et al (1996) Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(24):14065\u201314069","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"14","key":"9284_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1332847100","volume":"100","author":"TJ Dickerson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dickerson TJ, Janda KD (2003) Glycation of the amyloid \u03b2-protein by a nicotine metabolite: a fortuitous chemical dynamic between smoking and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(14):8182\u20138187","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"9284_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1021\/tx3001016","volume":"25","author":"SS More","year":"2012","unstructured":"More SS, Vartak AP, Vince R (2012) The butter flavorant, diacetyl, exacerbates \u03b2-amyloid cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 25(10):2083\u20132091","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9284_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe020064","volume":"347","author":"EN Schachter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schachter EN (2002) Popcorn worker\u2019s lung. N Engl J Med 347(5):360\u2013361","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9284_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0597-6","volume":"118","author":"O Weinreb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinreb O, Mandel S, Bar-Am O, Amit T (2011) Iron-chelating backbone coupled with monoamine oxidase inhibitory moiety as novel pluripotential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a tribute to Moussa Youdim. J Neural Transm 118(3):479\u2013492","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9284_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perin R, Telefont M, Markram H (2013) Computing the size and number of neuronal clusters in local circuits. Front Neuroanat 7:1\u201310","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2013.00001"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T17:47:17Z","timestamp":1748454437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"references-count":215,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9284-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]}}}