{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:54:37Z","timestamp":1793325277019,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AA022734-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AA022734-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AA020370-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AA020370-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T06:33:51Z","timestamp":1510382031000},"page":"5937-5950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Impairment of Thiamine Transport at the GUT-BBB-AXIS Contributes to Wernicke\u2019s Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"P. M. Abdul","family":"Muneer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleena","family":"Alikunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Schuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Szlachetka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Haorah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf229","volume":"125","author":"MD Kopelman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kopelman MD (2002) Disorders of memory. Brain: J Neurol 125:2152\u20132190","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"key":"811_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh249","volume":"41","author":"AD Thomson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomson AD, Marshall EJ (2006) The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. Alcohol Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 41:151\u2013158","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire)"},{"key":"811_CR3","first-page":"555","volume":"15","author":"L Manzo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Manzo L, Locatelli C, Candura SM, Costa LG (1994) Nutrition and alcohol neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 15:555\u2013565","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"811_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13375","volume":"41","author":"LN Bakhireva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bakhireva LN, Sharkis J, Shrestha S, Miranda-Sohrabji TJ, Williams S, Miranda RC (2017) Prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure in the state of Texas as assessed by phosphatidylethanol in newborn dried blood spot specimens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 41:1004\u20131011","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"811_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13309","volume":"41","author":"H Bager","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bager H, Christensen LP, Husby S, Bjerregaard L (2017) Biomarkers for the detection of prenatal alcohol exposure: a review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 41:251\u2013261","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"811_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.267","volume":"71","author":"LMP Fernandes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes LMP, Bezerra FR, Monteiro MC, Silva ML, de Oliveira FR, Lima RR, Fontes-Junior EA, Maia CSF (2017) Thiamine deficiency, oxidative metabolic pathways and ethanol-induced neurotoxicity: how poor nutrition contributes to the alcoholic syndrome, as Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 71:580\u2013586","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR7","first-page":"5848572","volume":"2016","author":"S Boloursaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boloursaz S, Nekooei S, Seilanian Toosi F, Rezaei-Dalouei H, Davachi B, Kazemi S, Abbasi B (2016) Marchiafava-Bignami and alcohol related acute polyneuropathy: the cooccurrence of two rare entities. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016:5848572","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"811_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.07.007","volume":"51","author":"R Mehrzad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mehrzad R, Ho MG (2016) Mutism caused by severe demyelination in a patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease. J Emerg Med 51:e129\u2013e132","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"811_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.4.341","volume":"49","author":"CG Harper","year":"1986","unstructured":"Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R (1986) Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49:341\u2013345","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70104-7","volume":"6","author":"G Sechi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sechi G, Serra A (2007) Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 6:442\u2013455","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"811_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v9.i2.72","volume":"9","author":"G Sparacia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sparacia G, Anastasi A, Speciale C, Agnello F, Banco A (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain involvement in alcoholic and nonalcoholic Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. World J Radiol 9:72\u201378","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"811_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.025","volume":"370","author":"G Nikolakaros","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nikolakaros G, Ilonen T, Kurki T, Paju J, Papageorgiou SG, Vataja R (2016) Non-alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome in psychiatric patients with a history of undiagnosed Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. J Neurol Sci 370:296\u2013302","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"811_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22808","volume":"36","author":"S Segobin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Segobin S, Ritz L, Lannuzel C, Boudehent C, Vabret F, Eustache F, Beaunieux H, Pitel AL (2015) Integrity of white matter microstructure in alcoholics with and without Korsakoff's syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2795\u20132808","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"811_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)90664-9","volume":"91","author":"KG Baker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baker KG, Harding AJ, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Harper CG (1999) Neuronal loss in functional zones of the cerebellum of chronic alcoholics with and without Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy. Neuroscience 91:429\u2013438","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"811_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.08.014","volume":"54","author":"MD Kopelman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kopelman MD (2015) What does a comparison of the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and thalamic infarction tell us about thalamic amnesia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 54:46\u201356","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"811_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logan C, Asadi H, Kok HK, Looby ST, Brennan P, O'Hare A, Thornton J (2016) Neuroimaging of chronic alcohol misuse. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 61(4):435\u2013440","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12572"},{"key":"811_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-62619-6.00035-5","volume":"125","author":"GT Sutherland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sutherland GT, Sheedy D, Kril JJ (2014) Neuropathology of alcoholism. Handb Clin Neurol 125:603\u2013615","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"811_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Berre AP, Pitel AL, Chanraud S, Beaunieux H, Eustache F, Martinot JL, Reynaud M, Martelli C et al (2015) Sensitive biomarkers of alcoholism\u2019s effect on brain macrostructure: similarities and differences between France and the United States. Front Hum Neurosci 9:354","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00354"},{"key":"811_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.838","volume":"45","author":"CG Harper","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harper CG, Blumbergs PC (1982) Brain weights in alcoholics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:838\u2013840","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000441565","volume":"16","author":"PS Rommer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rommer PS, Fuchs D, Leblhuber F, Schroth R, Greilberger M, Tafeit E, Greilberger J (2016) Lowered levels of carbonyl proteins after vitamin B supplementation in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurodegener Dis 16:284\u2013289","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"811_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-016-0067-0","volume":"32","author":"X Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan X, Chen Z, Fei G, Pan S, Bao W, Ren S, Guan Y, Zhong C (2016) Long-term cognitive improvement after benfotiamine administration in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Bull 32:591\u2013596","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"811_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.01.005","volume":"32","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Yang G, Li W, Fan Z, Sun A, Luo J, Ke ZJ (2011) Thiamine deficiency increases beta-secretase activity and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides. Neurobiol Aging 32:42\u201353","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"811_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530130093025","volume":"48","author":"KA Nolan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nolan KA, Black RS, Sheu KF, Langberg J, Blass JP (1991) A trial of thiamine in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Arch Neurol 48:81\u201383","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"811_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540350075019","volume":"52","author":"M Gold","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gold M, Chen MF, Johnson K (1995) Plasma and red blood cell thiamine deficiency in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type. Arch Neurol 52:1081\u20131086","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"811_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.09.001","volume":"55","author":"GE Gibson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gibson GE, Hirsch JA, Cirio RT, Jordan BD, Fonzetti P, Elder J (2013) Abnormal thiamine-dependent processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lessons from diabetes. Mol Cell Neurosci 55:17\u201325","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"811_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00997071","volume":"5","author":"RF Butterworth","year":"1990","unstructured":"Butterworth RF, Besnard AM (1990) Thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Metab Brain Dis 5:179\u2013184","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"811_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Molina JA, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, de Bustos F, Barcenilla B, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Zurdo M et al (1999) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 271:33\u201336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00515-7"},{"key":"811_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantini A, Pala MI, Grossi E, Mondonico S, Cardelli LE, Jenner C, Proietti S, Colangeli M et al (2015) Long-term treatment with high-dose thiamine in Parkinson disease: an open-label pilot study. J Altern Complement Med (New York, NY) 21:740\u2013747","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2014.0353"},{"key":"811_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costantini A, Pala MI, Compagnoni L, Colangeli M (2013) High-dose thiamine as initial treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease. BMJ Case Rep 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-009289","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009289"},{"key":"811_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.08.070188.002411","volume":"8","author":"RH Haas","year":"1988","unstructured":"Haas RH (1988) Thiamin and the brain. Annu Rev Nutr 8:483\u2013515","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.12.030","volume":"1557","author":"V Dror","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dror V, Rehavi M, Biton IE, Eliash S (2014) Rasagiline prevents neurodegeneration in thiamine deficient rats\u2014a longitudinal MRI study. Brain Res 1557:43\u201354","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"811_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-014-9432-0","volume":"20","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Azizi-Namini P, Yan AT, Keith M (2015) Thiamin deficiency and heart failure: the current knowledge and gaps in literature. Heart Fail Rev 20:1\u201311","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"811_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/chf.12037","volume":"19","author":"JJ DiNicolantonio","year":"2013","unstructured":"DiNicolantonio JJ, Niazi AK, Lavie CJ, O'Keefe JH, Ventura HO (2013) Thiamine supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: a review of the literature. Congest Heart Fail (Greenwich, Conn) 19:214\u2013222","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail (Greenwich, Conn)"},{"key":"811_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2015.07.004","volume":"27","author":"B McCulloch","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCulloch B (2015) High-output heart failure caused by thyrotoxicosis and beriberi. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 27:499\u2013510","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"811_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.06.016","volume":"249","author":"H Koike","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koike H, Watanabe H, Inukai A, Iijima M, Mori K, Hattori N, Sobue G (2006) Myopathy in thiamine deficiency: analysis of a case. J Neurol Sci 249:175\u2013179","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"811_CR36","first-page":"287","volume":"9","author":"AJ Hernandez-Vazquez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hernandez-Vazquez AJ, Garcia-Sanchez JA, Moreno-Arriola E, Salvador-Adriano A, Ortega-Cuellar D, Velazquez-Arellano A (2016) Thiamine deprivation produces a liver ATP deficit and metabolic and genomic effects in mice: findings are parallel to those of biotin deficiency and have implications for energy disorders. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 9:287\u2013299","journal-title":"J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics"},{"key":"811_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.06.015","volume":"261","author":"NM Zahr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zahr NM, Alt C, Mayer D, Rohlfing T, Manning-Bog A, Luong R, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A (2014) Associations between in vivo neuroimaging and postmortem brain cytokine markers in a rodent model of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Exp Neurol 261:109\u2013119","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"811_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5440","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0079-9","volume":"54","author":"D Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu D, Ke Z, Luo J (2017) Thiamine deficiency and Neurodegeneration: the interplay among oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 54(7):5440\u20135448","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"811_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.02.009","volume":"320","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X, Xu M, Frank JA, Ke ZJ, Luo J (2017) Thiamine deficiency induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 320:26\u201331","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"811_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.01.009","volume":"62","author":"AS Hazell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hazell AS, Faim S, Wertheimer G, Silva VR, Marques CS (2013) The impact of oxidative stress in thiamine deficiency: a multifactorial targeting issue. Neurochem Int 62(5):796\u2013802","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"811_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1430-z","volume":"40","author":"E Abdou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdou E, Hazell AS (2015) Thiamine deficiency: an update of pathophysiologic mechanisms and future therapeutic considerations. Neurochem Res 40:353\u2013361","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"811_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.10.042","volume":"138","author":"JC Reidling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reidling JC, Lambrecht N, Kassir M, Said HM (2010) Impaired intestinal vitamin B1 (thiamin) uptake in thiamin transporter-2-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 138:1802\u20131809","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"811_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.12.2750","volume":"33","author":"AM Hoyumpa Jr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hoyumpa AM Jr (1980) Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 33:2750\u20132761","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"811_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12522","volume":"44","author":"N Latt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Latt N, Dore G (2014) Thiamine in the treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in patients with alcohol use disorders. Intern Med J 44:911\u2013915","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"811_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G23","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00132.2010","volume":"299","author":"SB Subramanya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Subramanya SB, Subramanian VS, Said HM (2010) Chronic alcohol consumption and intestinal thiamin absorption: effects on physiological and molecular parameters of the uptake process. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 299:G23\u2013G31","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"811_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-23","volume":"6","author":"PM Abdul Muneer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdul Muneer PM, Alikunju S, Szlachetka AM, Murrin LC, Haorah J (2011) Impairment of brain endothelial glucose transporter by methamphetamine causes blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Mol Neurodegener 6:23","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"811_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.020","volume":"51","author":"J Haorah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haorah J, Floreani NA, Knipe B, Persidsky Y (2011) Stabilization of superoxide dismutase by acetyl-l-carnitine in human brain endothelium during alcohol exposure: novel protective approach. Free Radic Biol Med 51:1601\u20131609","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"811_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70833","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070833","volume":"8","author":"J Haorah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haorah J, Rump TJ, Xiong H (2013) Reduction of brain mitochondrial beta-oxidation impairs complex I and V in chronic alcohol intake: the underlying mechanism for neurodegeneration. PLoS One 8:e70833","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"811_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05668.x","volume":"17","author":"RF Butterworth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Butterworth RF, Kril JJ, Harper CG (1993) Thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in the brains of alcoholics: relationship to the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:1084\u20131088","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"811_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12272","volume":"38","author":"L Qin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qin L, Crews FT (2014) Focal thalamic degeneration from ethanol and thiamine deficiency is associated with neuroimmune gene induction, microglial activation, and lack of monocarboxylic acid transporters. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38:657\u2013671","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"811_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12217","volume":"20","author":"JW Wijnia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wijnia JW, Oudman E (2013) Biomarkers of delirium as a clue to diagnosis and pathogenesis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Eur J Neurol 20:1531\u20131538","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1744646527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0811-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: The author's name \"Abdul\" was previously presented as Family name but it should be given name. The citations of this paper should become 'Muneer PMA' instead of 'Abdul Muneer PM'","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Elective abortus specimens of human fetal brain tissues were obtained in full compliance with the ethical guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and University of Nebraska Medical Center. No disclosure of the source of abortus tissue or of patient information was possible since only de-identified abortus tissues were obtained from the source. In all instances, informed consent was obtained and maintained by the source.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"All available are presented in this main manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}