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Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02101-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T21:05:06Z","timestamp":1600376706000},"page":"329-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["The Relation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceren","family":"Eyileten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zofia","family":"Wicik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Jakubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Jarosz-Popek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-6880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Soplinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Postula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Czlonkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kaplon-Cieslicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6294-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"Mirowska-Guzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2823671","volume":"2017","author":"C Eyileten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eyileten C, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D et al (2017) Antidiabetic effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its association with inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 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