{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:43:54Z","timestamp":1780397034940,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"the applied basic research programs of science and technology commission foundation of jiangsu province","award":["BE2015684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2015684"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T11:04:00Z","timestamp":1630407840000},"page":"6170-6185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Curcumin Sensitizes Prolactinoma Cells to Bromocriptine by Activating the ERK\/EGR1 and Inhibiting the AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangming","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","volume":"96","author":"S Melmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, Wass JA, Endocrine S (2011) Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(2):273\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2541_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00013-7","volume":"124","author":"JA Romijn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romijn JA (2014) Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma. Handb Clin Neurol 124:185\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00013-7","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2541_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.11.012","volume":"20","author":"M Kars","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kars M, Pereira AM, Smit JW, Romijn JA (2009) Long-term outcome of patients with macroprolactinomas initially treated with dopamine agonists. Eur J Intern Med 20(4):387\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.11.012","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2541_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-9998","volume":"27","author":"MP Gillam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gillam MP, Molitch ME, Lombardi G, Colao A (2006) Advances in the treatment of prolactinomas. Endocr Rev 27(5):485\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2005-9998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2541_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000495775","volume":"109","author":"D Maiter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maiter D (2019) Management of dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinoma. Neuroendocrinology 109(1):42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495775","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2541_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.7.5810","volume":"84","author":"J Verhelst","year":"1999","unstructured":"Verhelst J, Abs R, Maiter D, van den Bruel A, Vandeweghe M, Velkeniers B, Mockel J, Lamberigts G, Petrossians P, Coremans P, Mahler C, Stevenaert A, Verlooy J, Raftopoulos C, Beckers A (1999) Cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a study in 455 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(7):2518\u20132522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.7.5810","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2541_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000182496","volume":"38","author":"T Brue","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brue T, Pellegrini I, Priou A, Morange I, Jaquet P (1992) Prolactinomas and resistance to dopamine agonists. Horm Res 38(1\u20132):84\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000182496","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2541_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1159\/000126764","volume":"60","author":"L Caccavelli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caccavelli L, Feron F, Morange I, Rouer E, Benarous R, Dewailly D, Jaquet P, Kordon C, Enjalbert A (1994) Decreased expression of the two D2 dopamine receptor isoforms in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. Neuroendocrinology 60(3):314\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000126764","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2541_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1996.04902.x","volume":"8","author":"L Caccavelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caccavelli L, Morange-Ramos I, Kordon C, Jaquet P, Enjalbert A (1996) Alteration of G alpha subunits mRNA levels in bromocriptine resistant prolactinomas. J Neuroendocrinol 8(10):737\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1996.04902.x","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2541_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1464","volume":"152","author":"MV Recouvreux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Recouvreux MV, Guida MC, Rifkin DB, Becu-Villalobos D, Diaz-Torga G (2011) Active and total transforming growth factor-beta1 are differentially regulated by dopamine and estradiol in the pituitary. Endocrinology 152(7):2722\u20132730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2010-1464","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2541_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.024","volume":"402","author":"Z Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Z, Liu Q, Li C, Zong X, Bai J, Wu Y, Lan X, Yu G, Zhang Y (2015) The role of TGF-beta\/Smad signaling in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 402:64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2541_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1526-0","volume":"10","author":"C Tang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang C, Sun R, Wen G, Zhong C, Yang J, Zhu J, Cong Z, Luo X, Ma C (2019) Bromocriptine and cabergoline induce cell death in prolactinoma cells via the ERK\/EGR1 and AKT\/mTOR pathway respectively. Cell Death Dis 10(5):335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-019-1526-0","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2541_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2019.1701042","volume":"58","author":"G Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu G, Shen Q, Jiang H, Ji O, Zhu L, Zhang L (2020) Curcumin inhibited the growth and invasion of human monocytic leukaemia SHI-1 cells in vivo by altering MAPK and MMP signalling. Pharm Biol 58(1):25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13880209.2019.1701042","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"2541_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.04.002","volume":"46","author":"L Huminiecki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huminiecki L, Horbanczuk J, Atanasov AG (2017) The functional genomic studies of curcumin. Semin Cancer Biol 46:107\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2541_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1760","volume":"149","author":"M Miller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miller M, Chen S, Woodliff J, Kansra S (2008) Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and decreases hormone levels and secretion in pituitary tumor cells. Endocrinology 149(8):4158\u20134167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2007-1760","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2541_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-014-9791-3","volume":"68","author":"D Kuystermans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuystermans D, Avesh M, Al-Rubeai M (2016) Online flow cytometry for monitoring apoptosis in mammalian cell cultures as an application for process analytical technology. Cytotechnology 68(3):399\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10616-014-9791-3","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2541_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26390","volume":"115","author":"B Levine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levine B, Yuan J (2005) Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict? J Clin Investig 115(10):2679\u20132688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI26390","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"2541_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.07.002","volume":"122","author":"S Pattingre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD, Levine B (2005) Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell 122(6):927\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2005.07.002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2541_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.028","volume":"140","author":"N Mizushima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Levine B (2010) Methods in mammalian autophagy research. Cell 140(3):313\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.028","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2541_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.04.022","volume":"86","author":"F Takahashi-Yanaga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takahashi-Yanaga F (2013) Activator or inhibitor? GSK-3 as a new drug target. Biochem Pharmacol 86(2):191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.04.022","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2541_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1126-4","volume":"9","author":"J Sophia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sophia J, Kowshik J, Dwivedi A, Bhutia SK, Manavathi B, Mishra R, Nagini S (2018) Nimbolide, a neem limonoid inhibits cytoprotective autophagy to activate apoptosis via modulation of the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3beta signalling pathway in oral cancer. Cell Death Dis 9(11):1087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-018-1126-4","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"35","key":"2541_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.390","volume":"34","author":"I Azoulay-Alfaguter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Elya R, Avrahami L, Katz A, Eldar-Finkelman H (2015) Combined regulation of mTORC1 and lysosomal acidification by GSK-3 suppresses autophagy and contributes to cancer cell growth. Oncogene 34(35):4613\u20134623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2014.390","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"2541_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-4-698","volume":"60","author":"ME Molitch","year":"1985","unstructured":"Molitch ME, Elton RL, Blackwell RE, Caldwell B, Chang RJ, Jaffe R, Joplin G, Robbins RJ, Tyson J, Thorner MO (1985) Bromocriptine as primary therapy for prolactin-secreting macroadenomas: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60(4):698\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-60-4-698","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2541_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.3.3822","volume":"82","author":"A Colao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Colao A, Di Sarno A, Sarnacchiaro F, Ferone D, Di Renzo G, Merola B, Annunziato L, Lombardi G (1997) Prolactinomas resistant to standard dopamine agonists respond to chronic cabergoline treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(3):876\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.82.3.3822","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2541_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0644","volume":"95","author":"G Raverot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raverot G, Sturm N, de Fraipont F, Muller M, Salenave S, Caron P, Chabre O, Chanson P, Cortet-Rudelli C, Assaker R, Dufour H, Gaillard S, Francois P, Jouanneau E, Passagia JG, Bernier M, Cornelius A, Figarella-Branger D, Trouillas J, Borson-Chazot F, Brue T (2010) Temozolomide treatment in aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: a French multicenter experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(10):4592\u20134599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-0644","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2541_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.188","volume":"115","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu Y, Gao J, Feng M, Bao X, Deng K, Yao Y, Wang R (2018) Combination treatment with bromocriptine and metformin in patients with bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas: pilot study. World Neurosurg 115:94\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.188","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2541_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102376","volume":"11","author":"A Giordano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giordano A, Tommonaro G (2019) Curcumin and cancer. Nutrients 11(10):2376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11102376","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2541_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-09-0129","volume":"16","author":"C Schaaf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schaaf C, Shan B, Buchfelder M, Losa M, Kreutzer J, Rachinger W, Stalla GK, Schilling T, Arzt E, Perone MJ, Renner U (2009) Curcumin acts as anti-tumorigenic and hormone-suppressive agent in murine and human pituitary tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 16(4):1339\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/ERC-09-0129","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2541_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00046-7","volume":"116","author":"NN Danial","year":"2004","unstructured":"Danial NN, Korsmeyer SJ (2004) Cell death: critical control points. Cell 116(2):205\u2013219","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2541_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2223","volume":"11","author":"LE Broker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Broker LE, Kruyt FA, Giaccone G (2005) Cell death independent of caspases: a review. Clin Cancer Res: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 11(9):3155\u20133162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2223","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"2541_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207521","volume":"23","author":"D Gozuacik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gozuacik D, Kimchi A (2004) Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene 23(16):2891\u20132906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.onc.1207521","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"2541_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1998.0063","volume":"6","author":"D Yin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yin D, Tamaki N, Kokunai T, Yasuo K, Yonezawa K (1999) Bromocriptine-induced apoptosis in pituitary adenoma cells: relationship to p53 and bcl-2 expression. J Clin Neurosci: official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 6(4):326\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jocn.1998.0063","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci: official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2541_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.05.045","volume":"273","author":"J Luo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Luo J (2009) Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) in tumorigenesis and cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 273(2):194\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.05.045","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T16:18:37Z","timestamp":1638461917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02541-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animal experiments protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Committee of Jinling Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}