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In the present study, we investigated the effects of purpurin on oxidative stress in HT22 cells and mild brain damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Oxidative stress induced by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was significantly ameliorated by treatment with purpurin, based on changes in cell death, DNA fragmentation, formation of reactive oxygen species, and pro-apoptotic (Bax)\/anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein levels. In addition, treatment with purpurin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 (ERK), and p38 signaling in HT22 cells. Transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils led to a significant increase in locomotor activity 1\u00a0day after ischemia and significant decrease in number of surviving cells in the CA1 region 4\u00a0days after ischemia. Administration of purpurin reduced the travel distance 1\u00a0day after ischemia and abrogates the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region 4\u00a0days after ischemia based on immunohistochemical and histochemical staining for NeuN and Fluoro-Jade C, respectively. Purpurin treatment significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as the increases of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 in the hippocampal CA1 region 4\u00a0days after ischemia and ameliorated the ischemia-induced transient increases of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 in the hippocampus 6\u00a0h after ischemia. In addition, purpurin significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in the hippocampus 1\u00a0day after ischemia. Furthermore, purpurin treatment significantly mitigated the increases of Bax in the hippocampus 1\u00a0day after ischemia and the lipid peroxidation based on malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides levels 2\u00a0days after ischemia. These results suggest that purpurin can be one of the potential candidates to reduce neuronal damage and inflammatory responses after oxidative stress in HT22 cells or ischemic damage in gerbils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02642-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1643508131000},"page":"2580-2592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Neuroprotective Effects of Purpurin Against Ischemic Damage via MAPKs, Bax, and Oxidative Stress Cascades in the Gerbil Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Woosuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Ri","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeo Sung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Koo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8785-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016676285","volume":"12","author":"AG Thrift","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA et al (2017) Global stroke statistics. 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