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Glaucoma is commonly associated with increased sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP) and involves a proximal program that leads to RGC dendritic pruning and a distal program that underlies axonopathy in the optic projection. While genetic deletion of the Bcl2-associated X protein (<jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>) prolongs RGC body survival in models of glaucoma and optic nerve trauma, axonopathy persists, thus raising the question of whether dendrites and the RGC light response are protected. Here, we used an inducible model of glaucoma in <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice to determine if <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic> contributes to RGC dendritic degeneration. We performed whole-cell recordings and dye filling in RGCs signaling light onset (\u03b1ON-Sustained) and offset (\u03b1OFF-Sustained). We recovered RGC dendritic morphologies by confocal microscopy and analyzed dendritic arbor complexity and size. Additionally, we assessed RGC axon function by measuring anterograde axon transport of cholera toxin subunit B to the superior colliculus and behavioral spatial frequency threshold (i.e., spatial acuity). We found 1 month of IOP elevation did not cause significant RGC death in either WT or <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> retinas. However, IOP elevation reduced dendritic arbor complexity of WT \u03b1ON-Sustained and \u03b1OFF-Sustained RGCs. In the absence of <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>, \u03b1ON- and \u03b1OFF-Sustained RGC dendritic arbors remained intact following IOP elevation. In addition to dendrites, neuroprotection by <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> generalized to \u03b1ON-and \u03b1OFF-Sustained RGC light- and current-evoked responses. Both anterograde axon transport and spatial acuity declined during IOP elevation in WT and <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice. Collectively, our results indicate <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic> contributes to RGC dendritic degeneration and distinguishes the proximal and distal neurodegenerative programs involved during the progression of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02675-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:10:46Z","timestamp":1641341446000},"page":"1366-1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bax Contributes to Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Degeneration During Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Risner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan R.","family":"McGrady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Calkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002","volume":"57","author":"ME Maes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maes ME, Schlamp CL, Nickells RW (2017) BAX to basics: How the BCL2 gene family controls the death of retinal ganglion cells. 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