{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T06:24:20Z","timestamp":1794032660301,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, in addition to other non-motor symptoms. Pathologically, PD is attributed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with the hallmark of the presence of intracellular protein aggregates of \u03b1-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is still yet to be fully elucidated due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. However, a myriad of studies has indicated several intracellular events in triggering apoptotic neuronal cell death in PD. These include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alteration in dopamine catabolism, inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase, and decreased levels of neurotrophic factors. Laboratory studies using the herbicide paraquat in different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the induction of many PD pathological features. The selective neurotoxicity induced by paraquat has brought a new dawn in our perspectives about the pathophysiology of PD. Epidemiological data have suggested an increased risk of developing PD in the human population exposed to paraquat for a long term. This model has opened new frontiers in the quest for new therapeutic targets for PD. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the relationship between the exposure of paraquat and the pathogenesis of PD in in vitro and in vivo models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T16:02:45Z","timestamp":1647705765000},"page":"3353-3369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Cellular and Molecular Events Leading to Paraquat-Induced Apoptosis: Mechanistic Insights into Parkinson\u2019s Disease Pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Wesley Zhi Chung","family":"See","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2153-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim San","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00568-3","volume":"39","author":"W Dauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dauer W, Przedborski S (2003) Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 39(6):889\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00568-3","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR2","first-page":"267","volume":"87","author":"JD Gazewood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gazewood JD, Richards DR, Clebak K (2013) Parkinson disease: an update. Am Fam Physician 87(4):267\u2013273","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"7","key":"2799_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.62","volume":"18","author":"AHV Schapira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P (2017) Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 18(7):435\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2017.62","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3585-x","volume":"40","author":"R Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaur R, Mehan S, Singh S (2019) Understanding multifactorial architecture of Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology to management. Neurol Sci 40(1):13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-018-3585-x","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360","volume":"323","author":"MJ Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong MJ, Okun MS (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: a review. JAMA 323(6):548\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.22360","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21995","volume":"67","author":"H-C Cheng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheng H-C, Ulane CM, Burke RE (2010) Clinical progression in Parkinson disease and the neurobiology of axons. Ann Neurol 67(6):715\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2799_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00155","volume":"8","author":"J Blesa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blesa J, Przedborski S (2014) Parkinson\u2019s disease: animal models and dopaminergic cell vulnerability. Front Neuroanat 8:155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2014.00155","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151841","volume":"11","author":"CB Breckenridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Breckenridge CB, Berry C, Chang ET, Sielken RL Jr, Mandel JS (2016) Association between Parkinson\u2019s disease and cigarette smoking, rural living, well-water consumption, farming and pesticide use: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 11(4):e0151841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151841","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2799_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2019.1659197","volume":"22","author":"C Vaccari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaccari C, El Dib R, Gomaa H, Lopes LC, de Camargo JL (2019) Paraquat and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 22(5\u20136):172\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2019.1659197","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2012.761999","volume":"95","author":"W-T Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai W-T (2013) A review on environmental exposure and health risks of herbicide paraquat. Toxicol Environ Chem 95(2):197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02772248.2012.761999","journal-title":"Toxicol Environ Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2015.161","volume":"96","author":"X-f Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang X-f, Thompson M, Xu Y-h (2016) Multifactorial theory applied to the neurotoxicity of paraquat and paraquat-induced mechanisms of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lab Invest 96(5):496\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2015.161","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"2799_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.195","volume":"66","author":"CM Tanner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanner CM, Ross GW, Jewell SA, Hauser RA, Jankovic J, Factor SA, Bressman S, Deligtisch A, Marras C, Lyons KE, Bhudhikanok GS, Roucoux DF, Meng C, Abbott RD, Langston JW (2009) Occupation and risk of parkinsonism: a multicenter case-control study. Arch Neurol 66(9):1106\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2009.195","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2799_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp006","volume":"169","author":"S Costello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costello S, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Zhang X, Ritz B (2009) Parkinson\u2019s disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California. Am J Epidemiol 169(8):919\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwp006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk024","volume":"165","author":"F Kamel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, Hoppin J, Alavanja M, Blair A, Comyns K, Goldman S, Korell M, Langston J, Ross G, Sandler D (2007) Pesticide exposure and self-reported Parkinson\u2019s disease in the agricultural health study. Am J Epidemiol 165(4):364\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwk024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2007.00803.x","volume":"27","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Tanji K, Mori F, Takahashi H (2007) The Lewy body in Parkinson\u2019s disease: molecules implicated in the formation and degradation of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates. Neuropathology 27(5):494\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2007.00803.x","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"6645","key":"2799_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/42166","volume":"388","author":"MG Spillantini","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M (1997) \u03b1-Synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature 388(6645):839\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/42166","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2799_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00370","volume":"10","author":"G Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang G, Xia Y, Wan F, Ma K, Guo X, Kou L, Yin S, Han C, Liu L, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T (2018) New Perspectives on roles of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 10:370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00370","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00368-6","volume":"15","author":"BA Hijaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hijaz BA, Volpicelli-Daley LA (2020) Initiation and propagation of \u03b1-synuclein aggregation in the nervous system. Mol Neurodegener 15(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-020-00368-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2799_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Powers R, Lei S, Anandhan A, Marshall DD, Worley B, Cerny RL, Dodds ED, Huang Y, Panayiotidis MI, Pappa A, Franco R (2017) Metabolic investigations of the molecular mechanisms associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Metabolites 7 (2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo7020022","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo7020022"},{"key":"2799_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00356","volume":"11","author":"M G\u00f3mez-Benito","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Benito M, Granado N, Garc\u00eda-Sanz P, Michel A, Dumoulin M, Moratalla R (2020) Modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease with the alpha-synuclein protein. Front Pharmacol 11:356\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00356","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2799_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01399","volume":"13","author":"LD Bernal-Conde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernal-Conde LD, Ramos-Acevedo R, Reyes-Hern\u00e1ndez MA, Balbuena-Olvera AJ, Morales-Moreno ID, Arg\u00fcero-S\u00e1nchez R, Sch\u00fcle B, Guerra-Crespo M (2019) Alpha-synuclein physiology and pathology: a perspective on cellular structures and organelles. Front Neurosci 13:1399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01399","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/8820","volume":"22","author":"S Engelender","year":"1999","unstructured":"Engelender S, Kaminsky Z, Guo X, Sharp AH, Amaravi RK, Kleiderlein JJ, Margolis RL, Troncoso JC, Lanahan AA, Worley PF, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ross CA (1999) Synphilin-1 associates with alpha-synuclein and promotes the formation of cytosolic inclusions. Nat Genet 22(1):110\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/8820","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6369","key":"2799_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6160","volume":"358","author":"G Fusco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fusco G, Chen SW, Williamson PTF, Cascella R, Perni M, Jarvis JA, Cecchi C, Vendruscolo M, Chiti F, Cremades N, Ying L, Dobson CM, De Simone A (2017) Structural basis of membrane disruption and cellular toxicity by \u03b1-synuclein oligomers. Science 358(6369):1440\u20131443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan6160","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07266.x","volume":"32","author":"LR Feng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feng LR, Federoff HJ, Vicini S, Maguire-Zeiss KA (2010) \u03b1-Synuclein mediates alterations in membrane conductance: a potential role for \u03b1-synuclein oligomers in cell vulnerability. Eur J Neurosci 32(1):10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07266.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2799_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01399","volume":"13","author":"LD Bernal-Conde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernal-Conde LD, Ramos-Acevedo R, Reyes-Hern\u00e1ndez MA, Balbuena-Olvera AJ, Morales-Moreno ID, Arg\u00fcero-S\u00e1nchez R, Sch\u00fcle B, Guerra-Crespo M (2020) Alpha-synuclein physiology and pathology: a perspective on cellular structures and organelles. Front Neurosci 13:1399\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01399","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02597-2","volume":"500","author":"VN Uversky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uversky VN, Li J, Fink AL (2001) Pesticides directly accelerate the rate of \u03b1-synuclein fibril formation: a possible factor in Parkinson\u2019s disease. FEBS Lett 500(3):105\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02597-2","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100560200","volume":"277","author":"AB Manning-Bog","year":"2002","unstructured":"Manning-Bog AB, McCormack AL, Li J, Uversky VN, Fink AL, Di Monte DA (2002) The herbicide paraquat causes up-regulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in mice: paraquat and alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 277(3):1641\u20131644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C100560200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft076","volume":"133","author":"A Chorfa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chorfa A, B\u00e9temps D, Morignat E, Lazizzera C, Hogeveen K, Andrieu T, Baron T (2013) Specific pesticide-dependent increases in alpha-synuclein levels in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cell lines. Toxicol Sci 133(2):289\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kft076","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2799_CR29","first-page":"20508","volume":"8","author":"C Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su C, Niu P (2015) Low doses of single or combined agrichemicals induces \u03b1-synuclein aggregation in nigrostriatal system of mice through inhibition of proteasomal and autophagic pathways. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(11):20508\u201320515","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2799_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20456","volume":"61","author":"PO Fernagut","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fernagut PO, Hutson CB, Fleming SM, Tetreaut NA, Salcedo J, Masliah E, Chesselet MF (2007) Behavioral and histopathological consequences of paraquat intoxication in mice: effects of alpha-synuclein over-expression. Synapse 61(12):991\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.20456","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0135-y","volume":"11","author":"A Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar A, Ganini D, Mason RP (2016) Role of cytochrome c in \u03b1-synuclein radical formation: implications of \u03b1-synuclein in neuronal death in Maneb- and paraquat-induced model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 11(1):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-016-0135-y","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9179-1","volume":"53","author":"A Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar A, Leinisch F, Kadiiska MB, Corbett J, Mason RP (2016) Formation and implications of alpha-synuclein radical in Maneb- and paraquat-induced models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Neurobiol 53(5):2983\u20132994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9179-1","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2799_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03095.2003","volume":"23","author":"AB Manning-Bog","year":"2003","unstructured":"Manning-Bog AB, McCormack AL, Purisai MG, Bolin LM, Di Monte DA (2003) Alpha-synuclein overexpression protects against paraquat-induced neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 23(8):3095\u20133099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03095.2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060359","volume":"170","author":"EH Norris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norris EH, Uryu K, Leight S, Giasson BI, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM (2007) Pesticide exposure exacerbates alpha-synucleinopathy in an A53T transgenic mouse model. Am J Pathol 170(2):658\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060359","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-011-9255-x","volume":"20","author":"LR Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng LR, Maguire-Zeiss KA (2011) Dopamine and paraquat enhance \u03b1-synuclein-induced alterations in membrane conductance. Neurotox Res 20(4):387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-011-9255-x","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"2799_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00236","volume":"11","author":"Z Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei Z, Li X, Li X, Liu Q, Cheng Y (2018) Oxidative stress in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 11:236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00236","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(01)02514-9","volume":"319","author":"RJ Castellani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Castellani RJ, Perry G, Siedlak SL, Nunomura A, Shimohama S, Zhang J, Montine T, Sayre LM, Smith MA (2002) Hydroxynonenal adducts indicate a role for lipid peroxidation in neocortical and brainstem Lewy bodies in humans. Neurosci Lett 319(1):25\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3940(01)02514-9","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"2799_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1353504","volume":"32","author":"SK Ravi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Joshi CG, Girish TK, Vincent B (2018) Neuroprotective effects of Cassia tora against paraquat-induced neurodegeneration: relevance for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Prod Res 32(12):1476\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2017.1353504","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419.e2411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.008","volume":"35","author":"AK Shukla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shukla AK, Pragya P, Chaouhan HS, Patel DK, Abdin MZ, Kar Chowdhuri D (2014) Mutation in Drosophila methuselah resists paraquat induced Parkinson-like phenotypes. Neurobiol Aging 35(10):2419.e2411-2419.e2416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2799_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.10.001","volume":"121","author":"S Srivastav","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivastav S, Fatima M, Mondal AC (2018) Bacopa monnieri alleviates paraquat induced toxicity in Drosophila by inhibiting jnk mediated apoptosis through improved mitochondrial function and redox stabilization. Neurochem Int 121:98\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.10.001","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2799_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","volume":"524","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsikas D (2017) Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: analytical and biological challenges. Anal Biochem 524:13\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-017-0340-9","volume":"10","author":"L Puspita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Puspita L, Chung SY, Shim J-w (2017) Oxidative stress and cellular pathologies in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Brain 10(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-017-0340-9","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"2799_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00209","volume":"9","author":"B Alural","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alural B, Ozerdem A, Allmer J, Genc K, Genc S (2015) Lithium protects against paraquat neurotoxicity by NRF2 activation and miR-34a inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells. Front Cell Neurosci 9:209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2015.00209","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.024","volume":"48","author":"M Niso-Santano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niso-Santano M, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Gomez-Sanchez R, Lastres-Becker I, Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Soler G, Moran JM, Cuadrado A, Fuentes JM (2010) Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death: modulation by the Nrf2\/Trx axis. Free Radic Biol Med 48(10):1370\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.024","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7050062","volume":"7","author":"C Gaucher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M (2018) Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies. Antioxidants 7(5):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox7050062","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90390-1","volume":"33","author":"TL Perry","year":"1982","unstructured":"Perry TL, Godin DV, Hansen S (1982) Parkinson\u2019s disease: a disorder due to nigral glutathione deficiency? Neurosci Lett 33(3):305\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90390-1","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90355-B","volume":"142","author":"E Sofic","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sofic E, Lange KW, Jellinger K, Riederer P (1992) Reduced and oxidized glutathione in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 142(2):128\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90355-B","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"2799_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01291884","volume":"104","author":"RK Pearce","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pearce RK, Owen A, Daniel S, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1997) Alterations in the distribution of glutathione in the substantia nigra in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm 104(6\u20137):661\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01291884","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"9","key":"2799_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10486","volume":"18","author":"PS Fitzmaurice","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fitzmaurice PS, Ang L, Guttman M, Rajput AH, Furukawa Y, Kish SJ (2003) Nigral glutathione deficiency is not specific for idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 18(9):969\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10486","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360305","volume":"36","author":"J Sian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sian J, Dexter DT, Lees AJ, Daniel S, Agid Y, Javoy-Agid F, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1994) Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia. Ann Neurol 36(3):348\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410360305","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2799_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-020-03694-x","volume":"467","author":"N Mittra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mittra N, Chauhan AK, Singh G, Patel DK, Singh C (2020) Postnatal zinc or paraquat administration increases paraquat or zinc-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons: insight into augmented neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Biochem 467(1\u20132):27\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-020-03694-x","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2799_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.009","volume":"30","author":"CC Franklin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franklin CC, Backos DS, Mohar I, White CC, Forman HJ, Kavanagh TJ (2009) Structure, function, and post-translational regulation of the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase. Mol Aspects Med 30(1\u20132):86\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.009","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.03.063","volume":"1090","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Carvey PM, Ling Z (2006) Age-related changes in glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in rat brain. Brain Res 1090(1):35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.03.063","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft112","volume":"134","author":"L-P Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liang L-P, Kavanagh TJ, Patel M (2013) Glutathione deficiency in Gclm null mice results in complex I inhibition and dopamine depletion following paraquat administration. Toxicol Sci 134(2):366\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kft112","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.136","volume":"37","author":"PY Lam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lam PY, Ko KM (2011) (-)Schisandrin B ameliorates paraquat-induced oxidative stress by suppressing glutathione depletion and enhancing glutathione recovery in differentiated PC12 cells. BioFactors 37(1):51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.136","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360306","volume":"36","author":"J Sian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sian J, Dexter DT, Lees AJ, Daniel S, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1994) Glutathione-related enzymes in brain in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 36(3):356\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410360306","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2799_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)48630-2","volume":"348","author":"DP Jones","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jones DP (2002) Redox potential of GSH\/GSSG couple: assay and biological significance. Methods Enzymol 348:93\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)48630-2","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-125443","volume":"23","author":"HL Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin HL, Teismann P (2009) Glutathione\u2014a review on its role and significance in Parkinson\u2019s disease. FASEB J 23(10):3263\u20133272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.08-125443","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.05.008","volume":"199","author":"MM Djukic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Djukic MM, Jovanovic MD, Ninkovic M, Stevanovic I, Ilic K, Curcic M, Vekic J (2012) Protective role of glutathione reductase in paraquat induced neurotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 199(2):74\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.05.008","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2017.09.001","volume":"54","author":"OM Ighodaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ighodaro OM, Akinloye OA (2018) First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria J Med 54(4):287\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajme.2017.09.001","journal-title":"Alexandria J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(85)90078-3","volume":"58","author":"SJ Kish","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kish SJ, Morito C, Hornykiewicz O (1985) Glutathione peroxidase activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease brain. Neurosci Lett 58(3):343\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3940(85)90078-3","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2799_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4605782","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4605782","volume":"2017","author":"SP Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang SP, Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam S, Jaafar H, Gan SH, Muzaimi M, Sulaiman SA (2017) Tualang honey protects the rat midbrain and lung against repeated paraquat exposure. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:4605782\u20134605782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/4605782","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490440064010","volume":"32","author":"LM Ambani","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ambani LM, Van Woert MH, Murphy S (1975) Brain peroxidase and catalase in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 32(2):114\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490440064010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2799_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510x(88)90108-6","volume":"86","author":"RJ Marttila","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marttila RJ, Lorentz H, Rinne UK (1988) Oxygen toxicity protecting enzymes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Increase of superoxide dismutase-like activity in the substantia nigra and basal nucleus. J Neurol Sci 86(2\u20133):321\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-510x(88)90108-6","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11759.x","volume":"53","author":"H Saggu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Saggu H, Cooksey J, Dexter D, Wells FR, Lees A, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1989) A selective increase in particulate superoxide dismutase activity in parkinsonian substantia nigra. J Neurochem 53(3):692\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11759.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000103641","volume":"58","author":"S Younes-Mhenni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Younes-Mhenni S, Frih-Ayed M, Kerkeni A, Bost M, Chazot G (2007) Peripheral blood markers of oxidative stress in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur Neurol 58(2):78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000103641","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2799_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","volume":"53","author":"Q Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma Q (2013) Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 53:401\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"2799_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175909141989978","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091419899782","volume":"12","author":"MS Brandes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brandes MS, Gray NE (2020) NRF2 as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. ASN Neuro 12:1759091419899782\u20131759091419899782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759091419899782","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.26.1.221-229.2006","volume":"26","author":"A Kobayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kobayashi A, Kang MI, Watai Y, Tong KI, Shibata T, Uchida K, Yamamoto M (2006) Oxidative and electrophilic stresses activate Nrf2 through inhibition of ubiquitination activity of Keap1. Mol Cell Biol 26(1):221\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mcb.26.1.221-229.2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27878","volume":"35","author":"S Petrillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrillo S, Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, D\u2019Amico J, Colona VL, Bertini E, Pierantozzi M, Mari L, Mercuri NB, Piemonte F, Pisani A (2020) Systemic activation of Nrf2 pathway in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 35(1):180\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27878","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e31802d6da9","volume":"66","author":"CP Ramsey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramsey CP, Glass CA, Montgomery MB, Lindl KA, Ritson GP, Chia LA, Hamilton RL, Chu CT, Jordan-Sciutto KL (2007) Expression of Nrf2 in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66(1):75\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nen.0b013e31802d6da9","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00096.x","volume":"76","author":"HS Chun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chun HS, Gibson GE, DeGiorgio LA, Zhang H, Kidd VJ, Son JH (2001) Dopaminergic cell death induced by MPP(+), oxidant and specific neurotoxicants shares the common molecular mechanism. J Neurochem 76(4):1010\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00096.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN00079H","volume":"144","author":"F Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu F, Dong H, Tian Y (2019) Real-time monitoring of peroxynitrite (ONOO\u2212) in the rat brain by developing a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor. Analyst 144(6):2150\u20132157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9AN00079H","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1713776","volume":"130","author":"M Bandookwala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandookwala M, Sengupta P (2020) 3-Nitrotyrosine: a versatile oxidative stress biomarker for major neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 130(10):1047\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207454.2020.1713776","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"23","key":"2799_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1038-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"B Blanchard-Fillion","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blanchard-Fillion B, Prou D, Polydoro M, Spielberg D, Tsika E, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Koval M, Przedborski S, Ischiropoulos H (2006) Metabolism of 3-nitrotyrosine induces apoptotic death in dopaminergic cells. J Neurosci 26(23):6124\u20136130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.1038-06.2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2799_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5250","volume":"19","author":"E Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez E, Garc\u00eda-Moreno JM, Mart\u00edn de Pablos A, Chac\u00f3n J (2013) May the evaluation of nitrosative stress through selective increase of 3-nitrotyrosine proteins other than nitroalbumin and dominant tyrosine-125\/136 nitrosylation of serum \u03b1-synuclein serve for diagnosis of sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease? Antioxid Redox Signal 19(9):912\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2013.5250","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2799_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.12.009","volume":"13","author":"M Bisaglia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bisaglia M, Filograna R, Beltramini M, Bubacco L (2014) Are dopamine derivatives implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease? Ageing Res Rev 13:107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2013.12.009","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0332-6","volume":"14","author":"A Masato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L (2019) Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 14(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-019-0332-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03246.x","volume":"18","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Kopin IJ, Basile MJ, Mash DC (2011) Catechols in post-mortem brain of patients with Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 18(5):703\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03246.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12345","volume":"126","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Miller GW, Alter S, Strong R, Mash DC, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2013) Determinants of buildup of the toxic dopamine metabolite DOPAL in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 126(5):591\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.12345","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2799_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.07.009","volume":"31","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Jinsmaa Y, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2016) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid ratios of cysteinyl-dopamine\/3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in parkinsonian synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 31:79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.07.009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(03)03354-7","volume":"989","author":"WJ Burke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Burke WJ, Li SW, Williams EA, Nonneman R, Zahm DS (2003) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is the toxic dopamine metabolite in vivo: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Brain Res 989(2):205\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-8993(03)03354-7","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"31","key":"2799_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404596200","volume":"279","author":"J Peng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peng J, Mao XO, Stevenson FF, Hsu M, Andersen JK (2004) The herbicide paraquat induces dopaminergic nigral apoptosis through sustained activation of the JNK pathway. J Biol Chem 279(31):32626\u201332632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M404596200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.05.012","volume":"27","author":"RJ Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Remi\u00e3o F, Carmo H, Duarte JA, Navarro AS, Bastos ML, Carvalho F (2006) Paraquat exposure as an etiological factor of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotoxicology 27(6):1110\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.05.012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"31","key":"2799_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28736","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304362200","volume":"278","author":"S Park","year":"2003","unstructured":"Park S, Geddes TJ, Javitch JA, Kuhn DM (2003) Dopamine prevents nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase by peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide: is nitrotyrosine formation an early step in dopamine neuronal damage? J Biol Chem 278(31):28736\u201328742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M304362200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2799_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.013","volume":"100","author":"Z Dwyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dwyer Z, Rudyk C, Farmer K, Beauchamp S, Shail P, Derksen A, Fortin T, Ventura K, Torres C, Ayoub K, Hayley S (2021) Characterizing the protracted neurobiological and neuroanatomical effects of paraquat in a murine model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 100:11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2799_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00026","volume":"10","author":"M Vilar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vilar M, Mira H (2016) Regulation of neurogenesis by neurotrophins during adulthood: expected and unexpected roles. Front Neurosci 10:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2016.00026","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2799_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2016.09.003","volume":"150\u2013151","author":"NM Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris NM, Ritzel R, Mancini NS, Jiang Y, Yi X, Manickam DS, Banks WA, Kabanov AV, McCullough LD, Verma R (2016) Nano-particle delivery of brain derived neurotrophic factor after focal cerebral ischemia reduces tissue injury and enhances behavioral recovery. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 150\u2013151:48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2016.09.003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2799_CR89","first-page":"839","volume":"17","author":"SC Apfel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Apfel SC (1996) Neurotrophic factors in the treatment of neurotoxicity: an overview. Neurotoxicology 17(3\u20134):839\u2013844","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2799_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1418.005","volume":"1144","author":"MP Mattson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattson MP (2008) Glutamate and neurotrophic factors in neuronal plasticity and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1144:97\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1418.005","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903420302","volume":"342","author":"KB Seroogy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Seroogy KB, Lundgren KH, Tran TM, Guthrie KM, Isackson PJ, Gall CM (1994) Dopaminergic neurons in rat ventral midbrain express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs. J Comp Neurol 342(3):321\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.903420302","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"41","key":"2799_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12764","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3566-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"ME Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg ME, Xu B, Lu B, Hempstead BL (2009) New insights in the biology of BDNF synthesis and release: implications in CNS function. J Neurosci 29(41):12764\u201312767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.3566-09.2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.19-06-02069.1999","volume":"19","author":"SJ Mowla","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mowla SJ, Pareek S, Farhadi HF, Petrecca K, Fawcett JP, Seidah NG, Morris SJ, Sossin WS, Murphy RA (1999) Differential sorting of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 19(6):2069\u20132080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.19-06-02069.1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0510-4","volume":"38","author":"P Kowia\u0144ski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kowia\u0144ski P, Lietzau G, Czuba E, Wa\u015bkow M, Steliga A, Mory\u015b J (2018) BDNF: a key factor with multipotent impact on brain signaling and synaptic plasticity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 38(3):579\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-017-0510-4","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2799_CR95","first-page":"9","volume":"126","author":"BL Hempstead","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hempstead BL (2015) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: three ligands, many actions. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 126:9\u201319","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"issue":"26","key":"2799_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4601-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"ZC Baquet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baquet ZC, Bickford PC, Jones KR (2005) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the establishment of the proper number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. J Neurosci 25(26):6251\u20136259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.4601-04.2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199902250-00021","volume":"10","author":"K Parain","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parain K, Murer MG, Yan Q, Faucheux B, Agid Y, Hirsch E, Raisman-Vozari R (1999) Reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in Parkinson\u2019s disease substantia nigra. NeuroReport 10(3):557\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-199902250-00021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7483","volume":"166","author":"DW Howells","year":"2000","unstructured":"Howells DW, Porritt MJ, Wong JY, Batchelor PE, Kalnins R, Hughes AJ, Donnan GA (2000) Reduced BDNF mRNA expression in the Parkinson\u2019s disease substantia nigra. Exp Neurol 166(1):127\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.2000.7483","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2799_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-73574-9_14","volume":"72","author":"T Nagatsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagatsu T, Sawada M (2007) Biochemistry of postmortem brains in Parkinson\u2019s disease: historical overview and future prospects. J Neural Transm Suppl 72:113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-211-73574-9_14","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.02.011","volume":"43","author":"EN Mangano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mangano EN, Peters S, Litteljohn D, So R, Bethune C, Bobyn J, Clarke M, Hayley S (2011) Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor protects against substantia nigra dopaminergic cell loss in an environmental toxin model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 43(1):99\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.02.011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2799_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100179","volume":"11","author":"C Rudyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rudyk C, Dwyer Z, McNeill J, Salmaso N, Farmer K, Prowse N, Hayley S (2019) Chronic unpredictable stress influenced the behavioral but not the neurodegenerative impact of paraquat. Neurobiol Stress 11:100179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100179","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"issue":"7","key":"2799_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.016","volume":"33","author":"EN Mangano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mangano EN, Litteljohn D, So R, Nelson E, Peters S, Bethune C, Bobyn J, Hayley S (2012) Interferon-\u03b3 plays a role in paraquat-induced neurodegeneration involving oxidative and proinflammatory pathways. Neurobiol Aging 33(7):1411\u20131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2799_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111611","volume":"144","author":"P Moyano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moyano P, Sanjuan J, Garc\u00eda JM, Anadon MJ, Naval MV, Sola E, Garc\u00eda J, Frejo MT, Pino Jd (2020) Dysregulation of prostaglandine E2 and BDNF signaling mediated by estrogenic dysfunction induces primary hippocampal neuronal cell death after single and repeated paraquat treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 144:111611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111611","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.041","volume":"502","author":"D Litteljohn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Litteljohn D, Nelson E, Bethune C, Hayley S (2011) The effects of paraquat on regional brain neurotransmitter activity, hippocampal BDNF and behavioural function in female mice. Neurosci Lett 502(3):186\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.041","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2799_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brann DW, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Thakkar R, Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK (2021) Brain-derived estrogen and neural function. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.130","volume":"497","author":"X Zhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhan X, Li F, Chu Q, Pang H (2018) Effects of PQ\u2019s cytotoxicity on secretory vesicles in astroglia: expression alternation of secretogranin II and its potential interaction with intracellular factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 497(2):675\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.130","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3909","volume":"42","author":"X Zhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhan X, Li F, Chu Q, Pang H (2018) Secretogranin III may be an indicator of paraquat-induced astrocyte activation and affects the recruitment of BDNF during this process. Int J Mol Med 42(6):3622\u20133630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3909","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13050","volume":"25","author":"S Merlo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merlo S, Spampinato SF, Sortino MA (2019) Early compensatory responses against neuronal injury: a new therapeutic window of opportunity for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease? CNS Neurosci Ther 25(1):5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13050","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2052-6","volume":"73","author":"DS Schwarz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwarz DS, Blower MD (2016) The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 73(1):79\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-015-2052-6","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2799_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/239854","volume":"2013","author":"T Omura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Omura T, Kaneko M, Okuma Y, Matsubara K, Nomura Y (2013) Endoplasmic reticulum stress and Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of HRD1 in averting apoptosis in neurodegenerative disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013:239854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/239854","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26373","volume":"115","author":"C Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu C, Bailly-Maitre B, Reed JC (2005) Endoplasmic reticulum stress: cell life and death decisions. J Clin Invest 115(10):2656\u20132664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI26373","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"21","key":"2799_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701459262","volume":"70","author":"W Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang W, Tiffany-Castiglioni E (2007) The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat induces proteasome dysfunction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 70(21):1849\u20131857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287390701459262","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"8","key":"2799_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9414-9","volume":"53","author":"J Navarro-Yepes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navarro-Yepes J, Anandhan A, Bradley E, Bohovych I, Yarabe B, de Jong A, Ovaa H, Zhou Y, Khalimonchuk O, Quintanilla-Vega B, Franco R (2016) Inhibition of protein ubiquitination by paraquat and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium impairs ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathways. Mol Neurobiol 53(8):5229\u20135251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9414-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2011","volume":"91","author":"C Hetz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hetz C, Martinon F, Rodriguez D, Glimcher LH (2011) The unfolded protein response: integrating stress signals through the stress sensor IRE1\u03b1. Physiol Rev 91(4):1219\u20131243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00001.2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.06.017","volume":"69","author":"C Hetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hetz C, Papa FR (2018) The unfolded protein response and cell fate control. Mol Cell 69(2):169\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.06.017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2799_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.01.019","volume":"324","author":"Z Mou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mou Z, Yuan Y-h, Zhang Z, Song L-k, Chen N-H (2020) Endoplasmic reticulum stress, an important factor in the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Toxicol Lett 324:20\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.01.019","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2004.09.012","volume":"16","author":"RV Rao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rao RV, Bredesen DE (2004) Misfolded proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 16(6):653\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceb.2004.09.012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00133-7","volume":"6","author":"J Ye","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ye J, Rawson RB, Komuro R, Chen X, Dav\u00e9 UP, Prywes R, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2000) ER stress induces cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases that process SREBPs. Mol Cell 6(6):1355\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00133-7","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"15","key":"2799_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13045","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110636200","volume":"277","author":"X Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen X, Shen J, Prywes R (2002) The luminal domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi. J Biol Chem 277(15):13045\u201313052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M110636200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.18","volume":"30","author":"MMU Ali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ali MMU, Bagratuni T, Davenport EL, Nowak PR, Silva-Santisteban MC, Hardcastle A, McAndrews C, Rowlands MG, Morgan GJ, Aherne W, Collins I, Davies FE, Pearl LH (2011) Structure of the Ire1 autophosphorylation complex and implications for the unfolded protein response. EMBO J 30(5):894\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emboj.2011.18","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2799_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.06.005","volume":"23","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen Y, Brandizzi F (2013) IRE1: ER stress sensor and cell fate executor. Trends Cell Biol 23(11):547\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.06.005","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2799_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180416094646","volume":"16","author":"H Ni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ni H, Rui Q, Li D, Gao R, Chen G (2018) The role of IRE1 signaling in the central nervous system diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 16(9):1340\u20131347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X16666180416094646","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.01.043","volume":"354","author":"JJ Hoozemans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoozemans JJ, van Haastert ES, Eikelenboom P, de Vos RA, Rozemuller JM, Scheper W (2007) Activation of the unfolded protein response in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 354(3):707\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.01.043","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2799_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000334536","volume":"10","author":"JJ Hoozemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoozemans JJ, Van Haastert ES, Nijholt DA, Rozemuller AJ, Scheper W (2012) Activation of the unfolded protein response is an early event in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurodegener Dis 10(1\u20134):212\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000334536","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12260","volume":"42","author":"JH Baek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baek JH, Whitfield D, Howlett D, Francis P, Bereczki E, Ballard C, Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Attems J, Aarsland D (2016) Unfolded protein response is activated in Lewy body dementias. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 42(4):352\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12260","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"2799_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00697","volume":"13","author":"JH Baek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baek JH, Mamula D, Tingstam B, Pereira M, He Y, Svenningsson P (2019) GRP78 level is altered in the brain, but not in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Front Neurosci 13:697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00697","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70174-z","volume":"10","author":"AR Esteves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esteves AR, Cardoso SM (2020) Differential protein expression in diverse brain areas of Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Sci Rep 10(1):13149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-70174-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"2799_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx331","volume":"26","author":"SM Heman-Ackah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heman-Ackah SM, Manzano R, Hoozemans JJ, Scheper W, Flynn R, Haerty W, Cowley SA, Bassett AR, Wood MJ (2017) Alpha-synuclein induces the unfolded protein response in Parkinson\u2019s disease SNCA triplication iPSC-derived neurons. Hum Mol Genet 26(22):4441\u20134450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddx331","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8047-9","volume":"10","author":"SJ Chinta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chinta SJ, Rane A, Poksay KS, Bredesen DE, Andersen JK, Rao RV (2008) Coupling endoplasmic reticulum stress to the cell death program in dopaminergic cells: effect of paraquat. Neuromolecular Med 10(4):333\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12017-008-8047-9","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.12.021","volume":"209","author":"C-L Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang C-L, Lee Y-C, Yang Y-C, Kuo T-Y, Huang N-K (2012) Minocycline prevents paraquat-induced cell death through attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Lett 209(3):203\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.12.021","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3270","volume":"13","author":"C Hetz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hetz C (2012) The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13(2):89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3270","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401373","volume":"11","author":"S Oyadomari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oyadomari S, Mori M (2004) Roles of CHOP\/GADD153 in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 11(4):381\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401373","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61332","volume":"122","author":"S Selvaraj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Selvaraj S, Sun Y, Watt JA, Wang S, Lei S, Birnbaumer L, Singh BB (2012) Neurotoxin-induced ER stress in mouse dopaminergic neurons involves downregulation of TRPC1 and inhibition of AKT\/mTOR signaling. J Clin Invest 122(4):1354\u20131367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI61332","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2799_CR134","first-page":"8233","volume":"10","author":"F Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li F, Ge B, Damirin A (2017) Overexpression of p58ipk protects neuroblastoma against paraquat-induced toxicity. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 10(8):8233\u20138242","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2799_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu H, Tian M, Ding C, Yu S (2019) The C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) transcription factor functions in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and microbial infection. Front Immunol 9 (3083). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03083","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03083"},{"key":"2799_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen C, Turnbull DM, Reeve AK (2019) Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease-cause or consequence? Biology 8 (2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology8020038","DOI":"10.3390\/biology8020038"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1769","volume":"38","author":"A Bender","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bender A, Krishnan KJ, Morris CM, Taylor GA, Reeve AK, Perry RH, Jaros E, Hersheson JS, Betts J, Klopstock T, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM (2006) High levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease. Nat Genet 38(5):515\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1769","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02325.x","volume":"54","author":"AH Schapira","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schapira AH, Cooper JM, Dexter D, Clark JB, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1990) Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 54(3):823\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02325.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2799_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.061","volume":"1189","author":"WD Parker Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker WD Jr, Parks JK, Swerdlow RH (2008) Complex I deficiency in Parkinson\u2019s disease frontal cortex. Brain Res 1189:215\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.061","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1794-7","volume":"135","author":"IH Fl\u00f8nes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fl\u00f8nes IH, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Lykouri M, Brakedal B, Skeie GO, Miletic H, Lilleng PK, Alves G, Tysnes O-B, Haugarvoll K, D\u00f6lle C, Zeviani M, Tzoulis C (2018) Neuronal complex I deficiency occurs throughout the Parkinson\u2019s disease brain, but is not associated with neurodegeneration or mitochondrial DNA damage. Acta Neuropathol 135(3):409\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-017-1794-7","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2799_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0984-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"PM Keeney","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keeney PM, Xie J, Capaldi RA, Bennett JP Jr (2006) Parkinson\u2019s disease brain mitochondrial complex I has oxidatively damaged subunits and is functionally impaired and misassembled. J Neurosci 26(19):5256\u20135264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.0984-06.2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"39","key":"2799_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15136","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807581105","volume":"105","author":"WS Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi WS, Kruse SE, Palmiter RD, Xia Z (2008) Mitochondrial complex I inhibition is not required for dopaminergic neuron death induced by rotenone, MPP+, or paraquat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(39):15136\u201315141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0807581105","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490420313","volume":"42","author":"T Fukushima","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fukushima T, Tawara T, Isobe A, Hojo N, Shiwaku K, Yamane Y (1995) Radical formation site of cerebral complex I and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci Res 42(3):385\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.490420313","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2799_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(11)80424-0","volume":"45","author":"T Fukushima","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fukushima T, Yamada K, Isobe A, Shiwaku K, Yamane Y (1993) Mechanism of cytotoxicity of paraquat: I.NADH oxidation and paraquat radical formation via complex I. Exp Toxicol Pathol 45(5):345\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0940-2993(11)80424-0","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2799_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.035","volume":"50","author":"KC Fussell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fussell KC, Udasin RG, Gray JP, Mishin V, Smith PJ, Heck DE, Laskin JD (2011) Redox cycling and increased oxygen utilization contribute to diquat-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Free Radic Biol Med 50(7):874\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.035","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.2.367","volume":"182","author":"N Zamzami","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zamzami N, Marchetti P, Castedo M, Decaudin D, Macho A, Hirsch T, Susin SA, Petit PX, Mignotte B, Kroemer G (1995) Sequential reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species in early programmed cell death. J Exp Med 182(2):367\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.182.2.367","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.02.004","volume":"21","author":"X Kang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kang X, Chen J, Xu Z, Li H, Wang B (2007) Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on paraquat-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 21(6):1003\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.02.004","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(99)00041-3","volume":"5","author":"WG Tatton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tatton WG, Chalmers-Redman RME, Rideout HJ, Tatton NA (1999) Mitochondrial permeability in neuronal death: possible relevance to the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 5(4):221\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1353-8020(99)00041-3","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7489","volume":"166","author":"NA Tatton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatton NA (2000) Increased caspase 3 and Bax immunoreactivity accompany nuclear GAPDH translocation and neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 166(1):29\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.2000.7489","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2799_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-2728(98)00109-1","volume":"1366","author":"J Cai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cai J, Yang J, Jones DP (1998) Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: the role of cytochrome c. Biochim Biophys Acta 1366(1\u20132):139\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-2728(98)00109-1","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708451200","volume":"283","author":"Q Fei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fei Q, McCormack AL, Di Monte DA, Ethell DW (2008) Paraquat neurotoxicity is mediated by a Bak-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 283(6):3357\u20133364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M708451200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2799_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.09.003","volume":"410","author":"JM Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang JM, Huang HM, Cheng JJ, Huang CL, Lee YC, Chiou CT, Huang HT, Huang NK, Yang YC (2018) LGK974, a PORCUPINE inhibitor, mitigates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of Parkinson\u2019s disease by interfering with the WNT\/beta-CATENIN pathway. Toxicology 410:65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2018.09.003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"46","key":"2799_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36152","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000533200","volume":"275","author":"SM Srinivasula","year":"2000","unstructured":"Srinivasula SM, Datta P, Fan XJ, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Huang Z, Alnemri ES (2000) Molecular determinants of the caspase-promoting activity of Smac\/DIABLO and its role in the death receptor pathway. J Biol Chem 275(46):36152\u201336157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C000533200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2799_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kostrzewa RM (2000) Review on apoptosis vs. necrosis of substantia nigrapars compacta in parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotox Res 2(2):239\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03033797","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033797"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/s1471-4914(03)00020-0","volume":"9","author":"A Barzilai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barzilai A, Melamed E (2003) Molecular mechanisms of selective dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Trends Mol Med 9(3):126\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1471-4914(03)00020-0","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81873-5","volume":"88","author":"MD Jacobson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jacobson MD, Weil M, Raff MC (1997) Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell 88(3):347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81873-5","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2799_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ju DT, Sivalingam K, Kuo WW, Ho TJ, Chang RL, Chung LC, Day CH, Viswanadha VP, Liao PH, Huang CY (2019) Effect of vasicinone against paraquat-induced MAPK\/p53-mediated apoptosis via the IGF-1R\/PI3K\/AKT Pathway in a Parkinson's disease-associated SH-SY5Y cell model. Nutrients 11 (7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071655","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071655"},{"issue":"4","key":"2799_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","volume":"35","author":"S Elmore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elmore S (2007) Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol 35(4):495\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01926230701320337","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR159","first-page":"119","volume":"150","author":"MM Tompkins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tompkins MM, Basgall EJ, Zamrini E, Hill WD (1997) Apoptotic-like changes in Lewy-body-associated disorders and normal aging in substantia nigral neurons. Am J Pathol 150(1):119\u2013131","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2799_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7270.2008.00386.x","volume":"40","author":"P Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen P, Li A, Zhang M, He M, Chen Z, Wu X, Zhao C, Wang S, Liang L (2008) Protective effects of a new metalloporphyrin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in N27 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 40(2):125\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-7270.2008.00386.x","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"2799_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-812-9:001","volume":"282","author":"D Matassov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matassov D, Kagan T, Leblanc J, Sikorska M, Zakeri Z (2004) Measurement of apoptosis by DNA fragmentation. Methods Mol Biol 282:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/1-59259-812-9:001","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2799_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erekat NS (2018) Apoptosis and its role in Parkinson\u2019s disease. In: Stoker TB, Greenland JC (eds) Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Codon Publications, Brisbane (AU). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch4","DOI":"10.15586\/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch4"},{"issue":"5684","key":"2799_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099320","volume":"305","author":"DR Green","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green DR, Kroemer G (2004) The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science 305(5684):626\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1099320","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"22","key":"2799_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390802329364","volume":"71","author":"JM Moran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moran JM, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Niso-Santano M, Soler G, Fuentes JM (2008) Identification of genes associated with paraquat-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by PCR array focused on apoptotic pathways. J Toxicol Environ Health A 71(22):1457\u20131467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287390802329364","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2799_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-4622(02)00151-5","volume":"101\u2013102","author":"M Donepudi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donepudi M, Gr\u00fctter MG (2002) Structure and zymogen activation of caspases. Biophys Chem 101\u2013102:145\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-4622(02)00151-5","journal-title":"Biophys Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2799_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2008.05.010","volume":"151","author":"I Chowdhury","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chowdhury I, Tharakan B, Bhat GK (2008) Caspases\u2014an update. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 151(1):10\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpb.2008.05.010","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2799_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.040556597","volume":"97","author":"A Hartmann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hartmann A, Hunot S, Michel PP, Muriel MP, Vyas S, Faucheux BA, Mouatt-Prigent A, Turmel H, Srinivasan A, Ruberg M, Evan GI, Agid Y, Hirsch EC (2000) Caspase-3: A vulnerability factor and final effector in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(6):2875\u20132880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.040556597","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2799_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050028","volume":"107","author":"M Mogi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mogi M, Togari A, Kondo T, Mizuno Y, Komure O, Kuno S, Ichinose H, Nagatsu T (2000) Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 107(3):335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007020050028","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"24","key":"2799_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9519","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.21-24-09519.2001","volume":"21","author":"V Viswanath","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viswanath V, Wu Y, Boonplueang R, Chen S, Stevenson FF, Yantiri F, Yang L, Beal MF, Andersen JK (2001) Caspase-9 activation results in downstream caspase-8 activation and bid cleavage in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci 21(24):9519\u20139528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.21-24-09519.2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2799_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.53","volume":"18","author":"A Ray Chaudhuri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ray Chaudhuri A, Nussenzweig A (2017) The multifaceted roles of PARP1 in DNA repair and chromatin remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18(10):610\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.53","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2799_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-8-31","volume":"8","author":"GV Chaitanya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chaitanya GV, Steven AJ, Babu PP (2010) PARP-1 cleavage fragments: signatures of cell-death proteases in neurodegeneration. Cell Commun Signal 8:31\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1478-811X-8-31","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T01:13:50Z","timestamp":1653700430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02799-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}