{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:35:45Z","timestamp":1770914145531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T13:02:23Z","timestamp":1690894943000},"page":"7021-7031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Batokine in Central Nervous System Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niping","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7319-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenlang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0146","volume":"64","author":"MJ Betz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Betz MJ, Enerb\u00e4ck S (2015) Human brown adipose tissue: what we have learned so far. Diabetes 64:2352\u20132360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db15-0146","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"3490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1124\/molpharm.121.000328","volume":"102","author":"KM Pinckard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinckard KM, Stanford KI (2021) The heartwarming effect of brown adipose Tissue. Mol Pharmacol 102:39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/molpharm.121.000328","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","volume":"84","author":"B Cannon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2004) Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiological Reviews 84:277\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"3490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E444","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00691.2006","volume":"293","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Bengtsson T, Cannon B (2007) Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 293:E444\u2013E452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00691.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0808718","volume":"360","author":"WD van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM et al (2009) Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 360:1500\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa0808718","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0810780","volume":"360","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G et al (2009) Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 360:1509\u20131517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa0810780","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.020","volume":"17","author":"F Villarroya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Villarroya F, Vidal-Puig A (2013) Beyond the sympathetic tone: the new brown fat activators. Cell Metabolism 17:638\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.020","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"3490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz007","volume":"41","author":"C Scheele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scheele C, Wolfrum C (2019) Brown adipose crosstalk in tissue plasticity and human metabolism. Endocr Rev 41:53\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnz007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"3490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1038\/ijosup.2015.5","volume":"5","author":"KL Townsend","year":"2015","unstructured":"Townsend KL, Tseng Y-H (2015) Of mice and men: novel insights regarding constitutive and recruitable brown adipocytes. Int J Obes Supp 5:S15\u2013S20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijosup.2015.5","journal-title":"Int J Obes Supp"},{"key":"3490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112449","volume":"9","author":"M Nishio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nishio M, Saeki K (2020) The remaining mysteries about brown adipose tissues. Cells 9:2449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9112449","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lehnig AC, Dewal RS, Baer LA, et al (2019) Exercise training induces depot-specific adaptations to white and brown adipose tissue. iScience 11:425\u2013439.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2018.12.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.12.033"},{"key":"3490_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1113\/ep087875","volume":"105","author":"B Cannon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannon B, Jong JMA, Fischer AW et al (2020) Human brown adipose tissue: classical brown rather than brite\/beige? Exp Physiol 105:1191\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep087875","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"3490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0101-4","volume":"1","author":"JMA de Jong","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Jong JMA, Sun W, Pires ND et al (2019) Human brown adipose tissue is phenocopied by classical brown adipose tissue in physiologically humanized mice. Nat Metab 1:830\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-019-0101-4","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.136","volume":"13","author":"F Villarroya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Villarroya J, Giralt M (2016) Brown adipose tissue as a secretory organ. Nat Rev Endocrinol 13:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2016.136","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"3490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1172\/jci129193","volume":"129","author":"S Kita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kita S, Maeda N, Shimomura I (2019) Interorgan communication by exosomes, adipose tissue, and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 129:4041\u20134049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci129193","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gavald\u00e0-Navarro A, Villarroya J, Cereijo R et al (2021) The endocrine role of brown adipose tissue: an update on actors and actions. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-021-09640-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09640-6"},{"key":"3490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0142","volume":"24","author":"K Fon Tacer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fon Tacer K, Bookout AL, Ding X et al (2010) Research resource: comprehensive expression atlas of the fibroblast growth factor system in adult mouse. Mol Endocrinol 24:2050\u20132064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2010-0142","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"3490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0003-9","volume":"66","author":"M Ryd\u00e9n","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryd\u00e9n M (2009) Fibroblast growth factor 21: an overview from a clinical perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:2067\u20132073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-009-0003-9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"3490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E292","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00101.2017","volume":"313","author":"T Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie T, Leung PS (2017) Fibroblast growth factor 21: a regulator of metabolic disease and health span. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 313:E292\u2013E302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00101.2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.07.001","volume":"9","author":"A Kharitonenkov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kharitonenkov A (2009) FGFs and metabolism. Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:805\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2009.07.001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0672","volume":"60","author":"BK Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan BK, Hallschmid M, Adya R et al (2011) Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Diabetes 60:2758\u20132762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db11-0672","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"3490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.10.007","volume":"28","author":"H Hsuchou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsuchou H, Pan W, Kastin AJ (2007) The fasting polypeptide FGF21 can enter brain from blood. Peptides 28:2382\u20132386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.10.007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"3490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1168","volume":"148","author":"A Kharitonenkov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kharitonenkov A, Wroblewski VJ, Koester A et al (2007) The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21. Endocrinology 148:774\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2006-1168","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"3490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.015308","volume":"131","author":"Z Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin Z, Pan X, Wu F et al (2015) Fibroblast growth factor 21 prevents atherosclerosis by suppression of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and induction of adiponectin in mice. Circulation 131:1861\u20131871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.115.015308","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12530","volume":"19","author":"X Yan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan X, Chen J, Zhang C et al (2015) FGF 21 deletion exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by aggravating cardiac lipid accumulation. J Cell Mol Med 19:1557\u20131568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.12530","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"3490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.03.020","volume":"133","author":"Y Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu Y, Bai F, Wang W et al (2015) Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects mouse brain against d-galactose induced aging via suppression of oxidative stress response and advanced glycation end products formation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 133:122\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.03.020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"3490_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.07.043","volume":"1530","author":"X Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang X, Hu J, Li Y et al (2013) The cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates the expression of FGF21 and enhances neurite outgrowth. Brain Res 1530:13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.07.043","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9789-3","volume":"31","author":"P Sa-nguanmoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sa-nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC (2016) Potential roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the brain. Metab Brain Dis 31:239\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-015-9789-3","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"3490_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7659","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2509-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"S Sideromenos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sideromenos S, Gundacker A, Nikou M et al (2022) Uncoupling protein-1 modulates anxiety-like behavior in a temperature-dependent manner. J Neurosci 42:7659\u20137672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2509-21.2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.2c00234","volume":"33","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang X, Hui Q, Yu B et al (2022) Correction to \u201cDesign and evaluation of lyophilized fibroblast growth factor 21 and its protection against ischemia cerebral injury.\u201d. Bioconjugate Chem 33:1437\u20131438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.2c00234","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem"},{"key":"3490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1172\/jci94337","volume":"127","author":"M Kuroda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuroda M, Muramatsu R, Maedera N et al (2017) Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system. J Clin Invest 127:3496\u20133509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci94337","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0251-9","volume":"39","author":"S Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li S, Yu Y, Li L et al (2015) Treatment of CIA mice with FGF21 down-regulates TH17-IL-17 axis. Inflammation 39:309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-015-0251-9","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"3490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjw013","volume":"8","author":"X Hui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hui X, Feng T, Liu Q et al (2016) The FGF21\u2013adiponectin axis in controlling energy and vascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 8:110\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmcb\/mjw013","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.12.024","volume":"11","author":"M\u00c1 G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1mano","year":"2017","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1mano M\u00c1, Grajales-G\u00f3mez M, Zuarth-V\u00e1zquez JM et al (2017) Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its novel association with oxidative stress. Redox Biology 11:335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2016.12.024","journal-title":"Redox Biology"},{"key":"3490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.143","volume":"108","author":"N Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang N, Li J, Li S et al (2018) Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates foam cells formation and inflammatory response in Ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 108:1825\u20131834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.143","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-15-0289","volume":"227","author":"P Tanajak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanajak P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N (2015) Effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 on the heart. J Endocrinol 227:R13\u2013R30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/joe-15-0289","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"3490_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100512","volume":"9","author":"Z Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie Z, Dong X et al (2019) HMGB1-triggered inflammation inhibition of notoginseng leaf triterpenes against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways. Biomolecules 9:512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9100512","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3490_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.019","volume":"68","author":"MA Moskowitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moskowitz MA, Lo EH, Iadecola C (2010) The science of stroke: mechanisms in search of treatments. Neuron 68:161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01921-2","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Liu F, Zhu L et al (2020) FGF21 alleviates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke by modulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia\/macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-020-01921-2","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","volume":"53","author":"Y Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang Y, Le W (2015) Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 53:1181\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"3490_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.005","volume":"157","author":"Y Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang G-Y (2017) The biphasic function of microglia in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 157:247\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.005","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"3490_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3249","volume":"19","author":"AL Bookout","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bookout AL, de Groot MHM, Owen BM et al (2013) FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system. Nat Med 19:1147\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3249","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3490_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26687","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m704165200","volume":"282","author":"H Kurosu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kurosu H, Choi M, Ogawa Y et al (2007) Tissue-specific expression of \u03b2Klotho and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor isoforms determines metabolic activity of FGF19 and FGF21. J Biol Chem 282:26687\u201326695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.m704165200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3490_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049977","volume":"7","author":"AC Adams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams AC, Cheng CC, Coskun T, Kharitonenkov A (2012) FGF21 requires \u03b2klotho to act in vivo. PLoS One 7:e49977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049977","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3490_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvq121","volume":"149","author":"N Itoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Itoh N, Ornitz DM (2010) Fibroblast growth factors: from molecular evolution to roles in development, metabolism and disease. J Biochem 149:121\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jb\/mvq121","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"3490_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5271","volume":"35","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Hu J, Liu H et al (2018) FGF21 protects the blood\u2013brain barrier by upregulating PPAR\u03b3 via FGFR1\/\u03b2-klotho after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 35:2091\u20132103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5271","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"3490_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.022119","volume":"49","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Liu N, Wang Q et al (2018) Endocrine regulator rFGF21 (recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21) improves neurological outcomes following focal ischemic stroke of type 2 diabetes mellitus male mice. Stroke 49:3039\u20133049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.118.022119","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0270-3","volume":"14","author":"J Pan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pan J, Jin J, Ge H et al (2015) Malibatol A regulates microglia M1\/M2 polarization in experimental stroke in a PPAR\u03b3-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 14(12):51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-015-0270-3","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3490_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang H-W, Jiang X, Zhang Y et al (2019) FGF21 protects against hypoxia injury through inducing HSP72 in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Front Pharmacol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.00101","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00101"},{"key":"3490_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.04.052","volume":"216","author":"T Xiong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiong T, Tang J, Zhao J et al (2012) Involvement of the Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/CRMP-2 pathway in axonal injury after hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat. Neuroscience 216:123\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.04.052","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3490_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.010815","volume":"46","author":"W Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu J, Hu X et al (2015) n -3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce neonatal hypoxic\/ischemic brain injury by promoting phosphatidylserine formation and akt signaling. Stroke 46:2943\u20132950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.115.010815","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3490_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14007","volume":"23","author":"Y Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan Y, Wang B, Zheng J et al (2018) Pancreatic fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against type 2 diabetes in mice by promoting insulin expression and secretion in a PI3K\/Akt signaling-dependent manner. J Cell Mol Med 23:1059\u20131071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.14007","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"3490_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05292","volume":"443","author":"MT Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin MT, Beal MF (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443:787\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05292","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3490_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2194","volume":"8","author":"C Ballatore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ballatore C, Lee VM-Y, Trojanowski JQ (2007) Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:663\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2194","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3490_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-198701030-00020","volume":"1","author":"I Grundke-Iqbal","year":"1987","unstructured":"Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Tung Y-C et al (1987) Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein? (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1:202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002093-198701030-00020","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"3490_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","volume":"179","author":"JM Long","year":"2019","unstructured":"Long JM, Holtzman DM (2019) Alzheimer disease: an update on pathobiology and treatment strategies. Cell 179:312\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3490_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.016","volume":"14","author":"M B\u00e9langer","year":"2011","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer M, Allaman I, Magistretti PJ (2011) Brain energy metabolism: focus on astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation. Cell Metab 14:724\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.017","volume":"73","author":"GA Garden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garden GA, La Spada AR (2012) Intercellular (mis)communication in neurodegenerative disease. Neuron 73:886\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3490_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04083.x","volume":"99","author":"C Escartin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Escartin C, Valette J, Lebon V, Bonvento G (2006) Neuron?astrocyte interactions in the regulation of brain energy metabolism: a focus on NMR spectroscopy. J Neurochem 99:393\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04083.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3490_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44370","volume":"10","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen S-T et al (2020) Modulation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle system contributes to neuroprotective action of fibroblast growth factor 21. Theranostics 10:8430\u20138445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.44370","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"3490_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.021","volume":"97","author":"P Sa-nguanmoo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sa-nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S et al (2018) FGF21 and DPP-4 inhibitor equally prevents cognitive decline in obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 97:1663\u20131672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3490_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.08.006","volume":"85","author":"P Sa-nguanmoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sa-nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S et al (2016) FGF21 improves cognition by restored synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in obese-insulin resistant male rats. Horm Behav 85:86\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.08.006","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"3490_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-2","volume":"3","author":"J M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 J, Tselykh TV, Maiorana F et al (2014) Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1\u03b1 in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-1. SpringerPlus 3:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-3-2","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"3490_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang C, Wang W, Deng P et al (2021) Fibroblast growth factor 21 modulates microglial polarization that attenuates neurodegeneration in mice and cellular models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.778527","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.778527"},{"key":"3490_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE et al (2017) Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541:481\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21029","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3490_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.010","volume":"91","author":"Y Qin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qin Y, Qiu J, Wang P et al (2021) Impaired autophagy in microglia aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Behav Immun 91:324\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3490_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0663-7","volume":"55","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Yuan J, Yu Z et al (2017) FGF21 attenuates high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment via metabolic regulation and anti-inflammation of obese mice. Mol Neurobiol 55:4702\u20134717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0663-7","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"3490_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22584","volume":"27","author":"L Campderr\u00f3s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campderr\u00f3s L, Moure R, Cair\u00f3 M et al (2019) Brown adipocytes secrete GDF15 in response to thermogenic activation. Obesity 27:1606\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22584","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"3490_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-23-08597.2000","volume":"20","author":"J Strelau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strelau J, Sullivan A, B\u00f6ttner M et al (2000) Growth\/differentiation factor-15\/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is a novel trophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo. J Neurosci 20:8597\u20138603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.20-23-08597.2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3490_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1333","volume":"439","author":"A Schober","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schober A, B\u00f6ttner M, Strelau J et al (2001) Expression of growth differentiation factor-15\/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (GDF-15\/MIC-1) in the perinatal, adult, and injured rat brain. J Comp Neurol 439:32\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.1333","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3490_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12116","volume":"12","author":"T Fuchs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuchs T, Trollor JN, Crawford J et al (2013) Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is associated with cognitive impairment and predicts cognitive decline - the Sydney memory and aging study. Aging Cell 12:882\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12116","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"3490_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-85","volume":"6","author":"Y Mu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mu Y, Gage FH (2011) Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 6:85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-6-85","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"3490_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4393","volume":"23","author":"PJ Emmerson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Emmerson PJ, Wang F, Du Y et al (2017) The metabolic effects of GDF15 are mediated by the orphan receptor GFRAL. Nat Med 23:1215\u20131219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4393","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3490_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4394","volume":"23","author":"L Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang L, Chang C-C, Sun Z et al (2017) GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand. Nat Med 23:1158\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4394","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3490_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03372.x","volume":"95","author":"Z Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang B, Wu X et al (2005) Identification, expression and functional characterization of the GRAL gene. J Neurochem 95:361\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03372.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3490_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.109","volume":"97","author":"M Tan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tan M, Wang Y, Guan K, Sun Y (2000) PTGF-\u03b2 , a type \u03b2 transforming growth factor (TGF-\u03b2) superfamily member, is a p53 target gene that inhibits tumor cell growth via TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.97.1.109","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3490_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13104","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131013104","volume":"13","author":"J-I Pagel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pagel J-I, Deindl E (2012) Disease progression mediated by Egr-1 associated signaling in response to oxidative stress. IJMS 13:13104\u201313117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms131013104","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"3490_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26082","volume":"130","author":"M Kadowaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kadowaki M, Yoshioka H, Kamitani H et al (2011) DNA methylation-mediated silencing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1\/GDF15) in glioma cell lines. Int J Cancer 130:267\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.26082","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3490_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.01.004","volume":"211","author":"SM Woo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woo SM, Min K, Kim S et al (2014) Silibinin induces apoptosis of HT29 colon carcinoma cells through early growth response-1 (EGR-1)-mediated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) up-regulation. Chem-Biol Interact 211:36\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.01.004","journal-title":"Chem-Biol Interact"},{"key":"3490_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155324","volume":"137","author":"H Yamaguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamaguchi H, Nishiyama M, Tokumoto S et al (2021) Elevated cytokine, chemokine, and growth and differentiation factor-15 levels in hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: a retrospective observational study. Cytokine 137:155324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155324","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3490_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu S, Yang N, Guan Y et al (2021) GDF15 promotes glioma stem cell-like phenotype via regulation of ERK1\/2\u2013c-Fos\u2013LIF signaling. Cell Death Discov 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-020-00395-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00395-8"},{"key":"3490_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00813-0","volume":"42","author":"M Conte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conte M, Martucci M, Chiariello A et al (2020) Mitochondria, immunosenescence and inflammaging: a role for mitokines? Semin Immunopathol 42:607\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-020-00813-0","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"3490_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.10.004","volume":"31","author":"L Rochette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C (2020) Insights into mechanisms of GDF15 and receptor GFRAL: therapeutic targets. Trends Endocrinol Metab 31:939\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2020.10.004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.03.014","volume":"24","author":"Y-J Jin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jin Y-J, Lee J-H, Kim Y-M et al (2012) Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 stimulates proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by up-regulating cyclins D1 and E through the PI3K\/Akt-, ERK-, and JNK-dependent AP-1 and E2F activation signaling pathways. Cell Signal 24:1485\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.03.014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"3490_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-1090-5","volume":"343","author":"K Schindowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schindowski K, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Strelau J et al (2010) Regulation of GDF-15, a distant TGF-\u03b2 superfamily member, in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 343:399\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-010-1090-5","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3490_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1182-7","volume":"39","author":"H Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song H, Yin D, Liu Z (2011) GDF-15 promotes angiogenesis through modulating p53\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 39:4017\u20134022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-011-1182-7","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"3490_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park H, Nam K-S, Lee H-J, Kim KS (2022) Ionizing radiation-induced GDF15 promotes angiogenesis in human glioblastoma models by promoting VEGFA expression through p-MAPK1\/SP1 signaling. Front Oncol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.801230","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.801230"},{"key":"3490_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li M, Song K, Huang X et al (2018) GDF-15 prevents LPS and D-galactosamine-induced inflammation and acute liver injury in mice. Int J Mol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3747","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3747"},{"key":"3490_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00939-8","volume":"29","author":"L Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan L, Li S, Chen Q et al (2022) EBV infection-induced GPX4 promotes chemoresistance and tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 29:1513\u20131527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-022-00939-8","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"3490_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103456","volume":"69","author":"K Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou K, Shen J, Yan J et al (2021) Loss of TRIM21 alleviates cardiotoxicity by suppressing ferroptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. EBioMedicine 69:103456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103456","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3490_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xia M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y et al (2022) Growth differentiation factor 15 regulates oxidative stress-dependent ferroptosis post spinal cord injury by stabilizing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.905115","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.905115"},{"key":"3490_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Khan S, Liu Y et al (2022) Modes of brain cell death following intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.799753","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.799753"},{"key":"3490_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121142","volume":"311","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Peng H, Chen C et al (2022) NAG-1\/GDF15 inhibits diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting AGE\/RAGE-mediated inflammation signaling pathways in C57BL\/6 mice and HK-2 cells. Life Sci 311:121142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121142","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3490_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Breni\u00e8re C, M\u00e9loux A, P\u00e9dard M et al (2019) Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is associated with mortality in ischemic stroke patients treated with acute revascularization therapy. Front Neurol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00611","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00611"},{"key":"3490_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zang Y, Zhu Z, Xie Y et al (2022) Serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels are associated with depression after ischemic stroke. JAHA 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.022607","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.022607"},{"key":"3490_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Worth AA, Shoop R, Tye K et al (2020) The cytokine GDF15 signals through a population of brainstem cholecystokinin neurons to mediate anorectic signalling. eLife 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.55164","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.55164"},{"key":"3490_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cimino I, Kim H, Tung YCL et al (2021) Activation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis by exogenous and endogenous GDF15. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2106868118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106868118"},{"key":"3490_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu D-D, Lu J-M, Zhao Q-R et al (2016) Growth differentiation factor-15 promotes glutamate release in medial prefrontal cortex of mice through upregulation of T-type calcium channels. Sci Rep 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep28653","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28653"},{"key":"3490_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhen C, Wang R, Wang G (2019) Growth-differentiation factor-15 predicts adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.04.035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.04.035"},{"key":"3490_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.09.008","volume":"177","author":"W-P Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong W-P, Yao W-Q, Wang B, Liu K (2021) BMSCs-exosomes containing GDF-15 alleviated SH-SY5Y cell injury model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin. Brain Res Bull 177:92\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.09.008","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"3490_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420917467","volume":"54","author":"B-N Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park B-N, Kim J-H, Lim TS et al (2020) Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease evaluated by \u03b2-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 54:883\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867420917467","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3490_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0149349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149349","volume":"11","author":"W Maetzler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maetzler W, Deleersnijder W, Hanssens V et al (2016) GDF15\/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal fluid levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease and lewy body dementia. PLoS One 11:e0149349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149349","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3490_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.12.016","volume":"88","author":"V Machado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machado V, Haas SJ-P, von Bohlen und Halbach O et al (2016) Growth\/differentiation factor-15 deficiency compromises dopaminergic neuron survival and microglial response in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 88:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.12.016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"3490_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2406-x","volume":"365","author":"V Machado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machado V, Gilsbach R, Das R et al (2016) Gdf-15 deficiency does not alter vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Cell Tissue Res 365:209\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2406-x","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3490_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2165","volume":"16","author":"JA Obeso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG et al (2010) Missing pieces in the Parkinson\u2019s disease puzzle. Nat Med 16:653\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2165","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3490_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yend.2012.04.012","volume":"2012","author":"M Ruth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruth M (2012) A PGC1\u2013\u03b1\u2013dependent myokine that drives brown\u2013fat\u2013like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Yearbook of Endocrinol 2012:114\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yend.2012.04.012","journal-title":"Yearbook of Endocrinol"},{"key":"3490_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20190016","volume":"133","author":"Q Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu Q, Kou W, Xu X et al (2019) FNDC5\/Irisin inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Clin Sci 133:611\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20190016","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"3490_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2017.4067","volume":"37","author":"S Tanhaei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanhaei S, Nikpour P, Ghaedi K et al (2018) RNA\/protein discordant expression of Fndc5 in central nervous system is likely to be mediated through microRNAs. DNA Cell Biol 37:373\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dna.2017.4067","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"3490_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.09.008","volume":"18","author":"CD Wrann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wrann CD, White JP, Salogiannnis J et al (2013) Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1\u03b1\/FNDC5 pathway. Cell Metab 18:649\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.09.008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2014.07.003","volume":"107","author":"F Torma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torma F, Bori Z, Koltai E et al (2014) Eating habits modulate short term memory and epigenetical regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of low- and high running capacity rats. Brain Res Bull 107:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2014.07.003","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"3490_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02143-9","volume":"127","author":"A Siteneski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siteneski A, Olescowicz G, Pazini FL et al (2020) Antidepressant-like and pro-neurogenic effects of physical exercise: the putative role of FNDC5\/irisin pathway. J Neural Transm 127:355\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02143-9","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"3490_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13497","volume":"136","author":"L Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin L, Bouchard R, Pugazhenthi S (2016) Regulation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein during neuroglial interactions. J Neurochem 136:918\u2013930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13497","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3490_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Sudo FK, et al (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid irisin correlates with amyloid-\u03b2, BDNF, and cognition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12034","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12034"},{"key":"3490_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00438-z","volume":"3","author":"MR Islam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Islam MR, Valaris S, Young MF et al (2021) Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function. Nat Metab 3:1058\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-021-00438-z","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Alvi\u00f1a K (2021) Multiple roles in neuroprotection for the exercise derived myokine irisin. Front Aging Neurosci 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.649929","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.649929"},{"key":"3490_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabiee F, Lachinani L, Ghaedi S et al (2020) New insights into the cellular activities of Fndc5\/Irisin and its signaling pathways. Cell Biosci 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13578-020-00413-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00413-3"},{"key":"3490_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110300","volume":"93","author":"P Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo P, Liu L, Yang X et al (2022) Irisin improves BBB dysfunction in SAP rats by inhibiting MMP-9 via the ERK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Cell Signal 93:110300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110300","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"3490_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao R (2022) Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: challenge and implications. Front Endocrinol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.989135","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.989135"},{"key":"3490_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.12.010","volume":"557","author":"F Ahmadi Ghahrizjani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmadi Ghahrizjani F, Ghaedi K, Salamian A et al (2015) Enhanced expression of FNDC5 in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural cells along with relevant embryonic neural tissues. Gene 557:123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2014.12.010","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"3490_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13116","volume":"25","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu E, Musich PR, Lin F (2019) Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the potential countermeasure. CNS Neurosci Ther 25:816\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13116","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"3490_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2021.01.001","volume":"57","author":"S Mani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mani S, Swargiary G, Chadha R (2021) Mitophagy impairment in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 57:270\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2021.01.001","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"3490_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180199","volume":"216","author":"GT Norris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norris GT, Kipnis J (2018) Immune cells and CNS physiology: microglia and beyond. J Exp Med 216:60\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20180199","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"3490_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4784268","volume":"2018","author":"G Gelders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gelders G, Baekelandt V, Van der Perren A (2018) Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Immunol Res 2018:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4784268","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"3490_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.07.018","volume":"498","author":"J Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi J, Yang L, Wang X et al (2022) Irisin: a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 498:289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.07.018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3490_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lourenco MV, de Freitas GB, Raony \u00cd et al (2022) Irisin stimulates protective signaling pathways in rat hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.953991","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.953991"},{"key":"3490_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.2569","volume":"15","author":"MV Lourenco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lourenco MV, Arancio O, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG (2019) P2-162: Exercise-linked FNDC5\/Irisin corrects synaptic plasticity and memory defects in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia 15:P637\u2013P638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.2569","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"3490_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noda Y, Kuzuya A, Tanigawa K et al (2018) Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 interacts with APP and decreases amyloid \u03b2 production in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Brain 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-018-0401-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-018-0401-8"},{"key":"3490_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0651-2","volume":"15","author":"W-J Tu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tu W-J, Qiu H-C, Cao J-L et al (2018) Decreased concentration of irisin is associated with poor functional outcome in ischemic stroke. Neurotherapeutics 15:1158\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-018-0651-2","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"3490_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2019.0232","volume":"29","author":"T Tu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tu T, Peng J, Jiang Y (2020) FNDC5\/Irisin: a new protagonist in acute brain injury. Stem Cells Dev 29:533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2019.0232","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"3490_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09661","volume":"8","author":"LT \u00d8verberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d8verberg LT, Lugg EF, Gaarder M et al (2022) Plasma levels of BDNF and EGF are reduced in acute stroke patients. Heliyon 8:e09661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09661","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3490_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.170945","volume":"161","author":"X Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu X, Zhou R, Ying J et al (2023) Irisin prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 161:170945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.170945","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"3490_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1697070","volume":"2021","author":"Z Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin Z, Zhang Z, Ke J et al (2021) Exercise-linked irisin prevents mortality and enhances cognition in a mice model of cerebral ischemia by regulating klotho expression. Oxid Med Cell Longevity 2021:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/1697070","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longevity"},{"key":"3490_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109452","volume":"120","author":"Z Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin Z, Guo P, Li X et al (2019) Neuroprotective effects of irisin against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via Notch signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 120:109452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109452","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3490_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.07.015","volume":"87","author":"D Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu D, Wang H, Zhang J et al (2015) Irisin improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes through reducing oxidative\/nitrative stresses. J Mol Cell Cardiol 87:138\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.07.015","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"3490_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.020","volume":"243","author":"J Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu J, Xiang G, Liu M et al (2015) Irisin protects against endothelial injury and ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-Null diabetic mice. Atherosclerosis 243:438\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"3490_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tian M, Tan J et al (2022) Irisin ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through integrin \u03b1V\u03b25\/AMPK signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02438-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02438-6"},{"key":"3490_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.09.014","volume":"91","author":"J Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng J, Deng X, Huang W et al (2017) Irisin protects against neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation in part depends on the inhibition of ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 91:185\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.09.014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"3490_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000505961","volume":"49","author":"Q Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu Q, Li G, Ding Q et al (2020) Irisin protects brain against ischemia\/reperfusion injury through suppressing TLR4\/MyD88 pathway. Cerebrovasc Dis 49:346\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000505961","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T15:31:31Z","timestamp":1700494291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03490-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All the authors read the manuscript carefully and gave their consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}