{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:51:03Z","timestamp":1781797863270,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","award":["Q21H090076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21H090076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T10:02:32Z","timestamp":1695204152000},"page":"9835-9850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Is the Impact of the Novel Coronavirus and the Vaccination on Guillain\u2013Barre Syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalakas MC (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: the first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(5)","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000781"},{"issue":"10045","key":"3638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00339-1","volume":"388","author":"HJ Willison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA (2016) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Lancet 388(10045):717\u2013727","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02379-z","volume":"15","author":"F Lapostolle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lapostolle F, Schneider E, Vianu I et al (2020) Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study. Intern Emerg Med 15(5):813\u2013817","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1060","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009937","volume":"95","author":"CM Romero-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Romero-S\u00e1nchez CM, D\u00edaz-Maroto I, Fern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz E et al (2020) Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the ALBACOVID registry. Neurology 95(8):e1060\u2013e1070","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13089","volume":"288","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S et al (2020) Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med 288(3):335\u2013344","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000513647","volume":"55","author":"EM Khedr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khedr EM, Abo-Elfetoh N, Deaf E et al (2021) Surveillance study of acute neurological manifestations among 439 Egyptian patients with COVID-19 in Assiut and Aswan university hospitals. Neuroepidemiology 55(2):109\u2013118","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","volume":"77","author":"L Mao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mao L, Jin H, Wang M et al (2020) Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan. China JAMA Neurol 77(6):683\u2013690","journal-title":"China JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324837","volume":"92","author":"M Filosto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Filosto M, CottiPiccinelli S, Gazzina S et al (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 92(7):751\u2013756","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02001-z","author":"E Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu E, Xie Y, Al-Aly Z (2022) Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-02001-z","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00906-z","volume":"20","author":"BD Kevadiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kevadiya BD, Machhi J, Herskovitz J et al (2021) Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Mater 20(5):593\u2013605","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"3638_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01556-7","volume":"27","author":"M Patone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patone M, Handunnetthi L, Saatci D et al (2021) Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med 27(12):2144\u20132153","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00193-0","volume":"5","author":"STJ Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray STJ, Abdel-Mannan O, Sa M et al (2021) Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 5(9):631\u2013641","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0504","volume":"78","author":"KL LaRovere","year":"2021","unstructured":"LaRovere KL, Riggs BJ, Poussaint TY et al (2021) Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome. JAMA Neurol 78(5):536\u2013547","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102792","volume":"20","author":"A Dotan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y (2021) The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 20(4):102792","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"3638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6045","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27159","volume":"93","author":"F Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan F, Sharma P, Pandey S et al (2021) COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome: postinfectious alone or neuroinvasive too? J Med Virol 93(10):6045\u20136049","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30109-5","volume":"19","author":"H Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol 19(5):383\u2013384","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00310-7","volume":"57","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finsterer J, Scorza FA (2021) Guillain-Barre syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg 57(1):55","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10124-x","volume":"268","author":"S Abu-Rumeileh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M, Tumani H, Otto M (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases. J Neurol 268(4):1133\u20131170","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324491","volume":"91","author":"A Uncini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uncini A, Vallat JM, Jacobs BC (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an instant systematic review of the first six months of pandemic. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 91(10):1105\u20131110","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3638_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15987.2","volume":"5","author":"RM Carrillo-Larco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carrillo-Larco RM, Altez-Fernandez C, Ravaglia S, Vizcarra JA (2020) COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports. Wellcome Open Res 5:107","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26289","volume":"93","author":"P Manganotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manganotti P, Bellavita G, D\u2019Acunto L et al (2021) Clinical neurophysiology and cerebrospinal liquor analysis to detect Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19 patients: a case series. J Med Virol 93(2):766\u2013774","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30451-8","volume":"20","author":"S Fredrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fredrich S, Greenberg BM, Hatanpaa KJ (2021) Neurological infections in 2020: COVID-19 takes centre stage. Lancet Neurol 20(1):17\u201318","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"32","key":"3638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7032e4","volume":"70","author":"HG Rosenblum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosenblum HG, Hadler SC, Moulia D et al (2021) Use of COVID-19 vaccines after reports of adverse events among adult recipients of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna): update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 70(32):1094\u20131099","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3287","volume":"78","author":"SS David","year":"2021","unstructured":"David SS, Potasman I, Rahamim-Cohen D (2021) Rate of recurrent Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2. JAMA Neurol 78(11):1409\u20131411","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"3638_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.16496","volume":"326","author":"EJ Woo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woo EJ, Mba-Jonas A, Dimova RB, Alimchandani M, Zinderman CE, Nair N (2021) Association of receipt of the Ad26.COV2S COVID-19 vaccine with presumptive Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, February-July 2021. Jama 326(16):1606\u20131613","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"3638_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068373","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068373","volume":"376","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Ravent\u00f3s B, Roel E et al (2022) Association between covid-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and risk of immune mediated neurological events: population based cohort and self-controlled case series analysis. BMJ 376:e068373","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3638_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102898","volume":"132","author":"Y Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Y, Rojas M, Beltr\u00e1n S et al (2022) Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review. J Autoimmun 132:102898","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26144","volume":"90","author":"CM Allen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allen CM, Ramsamy S, Tarr AW et al (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Ann Neurol 90(2):315\u2013318","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3638_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.121","volume":"10","author":"B van den Berg","year":"2014","unstructured":"van den Berg B, Walgaard C, Drenthen J, Fokke C, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA (2014) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Nat Rev Neurol 10(8):469\u2013482","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000339248","volume":"39","author":"IM Shui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shui IM, Rett MD, Weintraub E et al (2012) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome incidence in a large United States cohort (2000\u20132009). Neuroepidemiology 39(2):109\u2013115","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000324710","volume":"36","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW (2011) Population incidence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 36(2):123\u2013133","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"24","key":"3638_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1114525","volume":"366","author":"N Yuki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuki N, Hartung HP (2012) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. N Engl J Med 366(24):2294\u20132304","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1159\/000516258","volume":"84","author":"K Vakili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vakili K, Fathi M, Hajiesmaeili M et al (2021) Neurological symptoms, comorbidities, and complications of COVID-19: a literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Neurol 84(5):307\u2013324","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11389","volume":"24","author":"I Mussinatto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mussinatto I, Benevenuta C, Caci A et al (2022) Possible association between Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 24(1):462","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3638_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04693-y","volume":"41","author":"K Rahimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahimi K (2020) Guillain-Barre syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of the reports. Neurol Sci 41(11):3149\u20133156","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3638_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04708-8","volume":"41","author":"VK Paliwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paliwal VK, Garg RK, Gupta A, Tejan N (2020) Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19. Neurol Sci 41(11):3039\u20133056","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3638_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2712.211634","volume":"27","author":"SC Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao SC, Wang CH, Chang KC, Hung MJ, Chen HY, Liao SC (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis 27(12):3175\u20133178","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa433","volume":"144","author":"S Keddie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keddie S, Pakpoor J, Mousele C et al (2021) Epidemiological and cohort study finds no association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Brain 144(2):682\u2013693","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12482","volume":"27","author":"A Taga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taga A, Lauria G (2022) COVID-19 and the peripheral nervous system. A 2-year review from the pandemic to the vaccine era. J Peripher Nerv Syst 27(1):4\u201330","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e228879","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8879","volume":"5","author":"KE Hanson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hanson KE, Goddard K, Lewis N et al (2022) Incidence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination in the vaccine safety datalink. JAMA Netw Open 5(4):e228879","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3638_CR41","unstructured":"how-its-designed.; Available from: https:\/\/www.janssencovid19vaccine.com\/hcp\/how-its-designed.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27463","volume":"94","author":"R Rashedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rashedi R, Samieefar N, Masoumi N, Mohseni S, Rezaei N (2022) COVID-19 vaccines mix-and-match: the concept, the efficacy and the doubts. J Med Virol 94(4):1294\u20131299","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"3638_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577719","volume":"360","author":"WM Oo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oo WM, Giri P, de Souza A (2021) AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and Guillain- Barr\u00e9 Syndrome in Tasmania: a causal link? J Neuroimmunol 360:577719","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3638_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26339","volume":"91","author":"JA Frontera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frontera JA, Tamborska AA, Doheim MF et al (2022) Neurological events reported after COVID-19 vaccines: an analysis of VAERS. Ann Neurol 91(6):756\u2013771","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3638_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894872","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.894872","volume":"13","author":"M Bellucci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellucci M, Germano F, Grisanti S et al (2022) Case report: Post-COVID-19 vaccine recurrence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome following an antecedent parainfectious COVID-19-related GBS. Front Immunol 13:894872","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3638_CR46","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), PHSP, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) \/ Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). CDC WONDER On-line Database. 1990 - 09\/16\/2022; Available from: http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/vaers.html"},{"key":"3638_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n1435","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1435","volume":"373","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Ostropolets A, Makadia R et al (2021) Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 vaccines in eight countries: multinational network cohort study. BMJ 373:n1435","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01163-9","volume":"23","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Lee A, Grigoryan L et al (2022) Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity to the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Nat Immunol 23(4):543\u2013555","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3638_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.200","volume":"16","author":"K Karik\u00f3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karik\u00f3 K, Muramatsu H, Welsh FA et al (2008) Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability. Mol Ther 16(11):1833\u20131840","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"14","key":"3638_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15072","volume":"326","author":"NP Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein NP, Lewis N, Goddard K et al (2021) Surveillance for adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. JAMA 326(14):1390\u20131399","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3638_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872683","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.872683","volume":"13","author":"N Mahroum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahroum N, Lavine N, Ohayon A et al (2022) COVID-19 vaccination and the rate of immune and autoimmune adverse events following immunization: insights from a narrative literature review. Front Immunol 13:872683","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3638_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3286","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2021\/e3286","volume":"76","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA (2021) Post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination Guillain-Barre syndrome in 19 patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 76:e3286","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac102","volume":"115","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Tomoda Y, Kadena S, Kanbayashi T, Kobayashi S, Kato R (2022) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTec) vaccination. QJM 115(5):331\u2013333","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"10269","key":"3638_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32661-1","volume":"397","author":"M Voysey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA et al (2021) Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet 397(10269):99\u2013111","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3638_CR55","unstructured":"European Medicines agency (EMA). Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en"},{"key":"3638_CR56","unstructured":"Agency EM (2021) Meeting Highlights From the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). Available at:. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/news\/meeting-highlights-pharmacovigilance-risk-assessment-committee-prac-5-8-july-2021"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3638_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285","volume":"137","author":"C Fokke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fokke C, van den Berg B, Drenthen J, Walgaard C, van Doorn PA, Jacobs BC (2014) Diagnosis of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and validation of Brighton criteria. Brain 137(Pt 1):33\u201343","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.028","volume":"183","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iadecola C, Anrather J, Kamel H (2020) Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system. Cell 183(1):16-27.e1","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.3565.1","volume":"12","author":"N Karimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimi N, Boostani R, Fatehi F et al (2021) Guillain-Barre syndrome and COVID-19 vaccine: a report of nine patients. Basic Clin Neurosci 12(5):703\u2013710","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3638_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045153","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2045153","volume":"18","author":"S Tabatabaee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tabatabaee S, Rezania F, Alwedaie SMJ et al (2022) Post COVID-19 vaccination Guillain-Barre syndrome: three cases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 18(5):2045153","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"11","key":"3638_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws194","volume":"175","author":"KE Nelson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nelson KE (2012) Invited commentary: Influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome\u2013is there a risk? Am J Epidemiol 175(11):1129\u20131132","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"3638_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20590","volume":"324","author":"JL Goodman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman JL, Grabenstein JD, Braun MM (2020) Answering key questions about COVID-19 vaccines. JAMA 324(20):2027\u20132028","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3638_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000011881","author":"AM M\u00e1rquez Loza","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez Loza AM, Holroyd KB, Johnson SA, Pilgrim DM, Amato AA (2021) Guillain- Barr\u00e9 Syndrome in the Placebo and Active Arms of a COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trial: Temporal Associations Do Not Imply Causality. Neurology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000011881","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3638_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKean N, Chircop C (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ Case Rep 14(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244125"},{"key":"3638_CR65","unstructured":"Administration FAD (2021) Silver Spring, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Janssen COVID-19 vaccine emergency use authorization. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/Janssen-covid-19-vaccine"},{"issue":"46","key":"3638_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1766","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.210947","volume":"193","author":"L Ling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ling L, Bagshaw SM, Villeneuve PM (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient with previous vaccine-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. CMAJ 193(46):E1766-e1769","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3638_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307815","volume":"86","author":"YA Rajabally","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajabally YA, Durand MC, Mitchell J, Orlikowski D, Nicolas G (2015) Electrophysiological diagnosis of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome subtype: could a single study suffice? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86(1):115\u2013119","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3638_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102169","volume":"44","author":"AN Elzouki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elzouki AN, Osman MAM, Ahmed MAE et al (2021) COVID-19 infection presented as Guillain-Barre Syndrome: report of two new cases and review of 116 reported cases and case series. Travel Med Infect Dis 44:102169","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.02.001","volume":"51","author":"A Uncini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uncini A, Foresti C, Frigeni B et al (2021) Electrophysiological features of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurophysiol Clin 51(2):183\u2013191","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"3638_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.12.002","volume":"92","author":"EF Wijdicks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wijdicks EF, Klein CJ (2017) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 92(3):467\u2013479","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"3638_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.03.048","volume":"101","author":"G Galassi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galassi G, Marchioni A (2022) Acute neuromuscular syndromes with respiratory failure during COVID-19 pandemic: where we stand and challenges ahead. J Clin Neurosci 101:264\u2013275","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"26","key":"3638_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009191","volume":"382","author":"G Toscano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S et al (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med 382(26):2574\u20132576","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3638_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sansone P, Giaccari LG, Aurilio C, Coppolino F, Esposito V, Fiore M, Paladini A, Passavanti MB, Pota V, Pace MC (2021) Post-Infectious Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. Life\u00a0(Basel) 11(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11020167","DOI":"10.3390\/life11020167"},{"issue":"2","key":"3638_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009673","volume":"95","author":"C Herman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herman C, Mayer K, Sarwal A (2020) Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Neurology 95(2):77\u201384","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3638_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25987","volume":"89","author":"M Fragiel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fragiel M, Mir\u00f3 \u00d2, Llorens P et al (2021) Incidence, clinical, risk factors and outcomes of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 in Covid-19. Ann Neurol 89(3):598\u2013603","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27024","volume":"62","author":"JB Caress","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caress JB, Castoro RJ, Simmons Z et al (2020) COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: the early pandemic experience. Muscle Nerve 62(4):485\u2013491","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"3638_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.051","volume":"87","author":"A Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta A, Paliwal VK, Garg RK (2020) Is COVID-19-related Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome different? Brain Behav Immun 87:177\u2013178","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3638_CR78","first-page":"Cd001798","volume":"7","author":"JC Rapha\u00ebl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rapha\u00ebl JC, Chevret S, Hughes RA, Annane D (2012) Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:Cd001798","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3638_CR79","first-page":"Cd002063","volume":"2014","author":"RA Hughes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Doorn PA (2014) Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014(9):Cd002063","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3638_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12419","volume":"25","author":"I Hasan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasan I, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Hayat S et al (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. J Peripher Nerv Syst 25(4):335\u2013343","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"3638_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000930","volume":"34","author":"F Schweitzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schweitzer F, Kleineberg NN, G\u00f6reci Y, Onur OA, Franke C, Warnke C (2021) Neuro-COVID-19 is more than anosmia: clinical presentation, neurodiagnostics, therapies, and prognosis. Curr Opin Neurol 34(3):423\u2013431","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1732284823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03638-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethical Decision Committee of the Research Administration at First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University approved the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to the journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}