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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) garnered considerable interest due to their neuroregenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential modulatory effects of OEC-conditioned medium (OEC-CM) on the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), constituting the BBB, when exposed to hypoxia. HBMECs were utilized to establish the in vitro BBB model. OECs were isolated from mouse olfactory bulbs, and OEC-CM was collected after 48\u00a0h of culture. The effect of OEC-CM treatment on the HBMEC viability was evaluated under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 6\u00a0h, 24\u00a0h, and 30\u00a0h. Western blot and immunostaining techniques were employed to assess NF-\u03baB\/phospho-NF-\u03baB expression. HIF-1\u03b1, VEGF-A, and cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mRNA expression levels were quantified using digital PCR. ELISA assays were performed to measure PGE2, VEGF-A, IL-8 secretion, and cPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> specific activity. The in vitro formation of HBMEC capillary-like structures was examined using a three-dimensional matrix system. OEC-CM attenuated pro-inflammatory responses and mitigated the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGFA signaling pathway activation in HBMECs under hypoxic condition. Hypoxia-induced damage of the BBB can be mitigated by novel therapeutic strategies harnessing OEC potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04517-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T03:12:13Z","timestamp":1728270733000},"page":"4008-4022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation in In Vitro Model of Human Blood\u2013Brain Barrier: Modulatory Effects of the Olfactory Ensheathing Cell-Conditioned Medium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Agafonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Musso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Prinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Pellitteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelina Daniela","family":"Anfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01080-1","volume":"7","author":"Z Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo Z, Tian M, Yang G, Tan Q, Chen Y, Li G et al (2022) Hypoxia signaling in human health and diseases: implications and prospects for therapeutics. 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