{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:33:35Z","timestamp":1794357215367,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Private Universit\u00e4t Witten\/Herdecke gGmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. PD neuropathology is due to the progressive deposition of mutant alpha-synuclein (\u03b1-Syn) in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This effect initiates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis of the dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. PD neuropathology, which is closely associated with inflammatory and oxidative disorders, disrupts different vital cellular pathways. Notably, the current anti-PD medications only relieve the symptoms of PD without averting the underlying neuropathology. Thus, it is advisable to search for novel drugs that attenuate the progression of PD neuropathology. It has been shown that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3\u03b2) signaling pathways are affected in PD. PI3K\/AKT pathway is neuroprotective against the development and progression of PD. However, the over-activated GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway has a detrimental effect on PD neuropathology by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Dysregulation of the PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway provokes brain insulin resistance (BIR), neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, the hallmarks of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanistic role of the PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway is not fully clarified. Therefore, in this review, we intend to discuss the role of the PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway in PD pathogenesis and how PI3K\/AKT activators and GSK3\u03b2 inhibitors have helped effectively manage PD.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T12:32:34Z","timestamp":1749126754000},"page":"15108-15131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Targeting of the PI3 K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Blueprint"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Raed","family":"AlRuwaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al-kuraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al-Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali K.","family":"Albuhadily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed E. Abo-El","family":"Fetoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01350-8","volume":"43","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elewa YHA, Zahran MH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GE (2023) Parkinson\u2019s disease risk and Hyperhomocysteinemia: the possible link. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43(6):2743\u20132759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-023-01350-8","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5113_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102075","volume":"91","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK (2023) The conceivable role of prolactin hormone in Parkinson disease: the same goal but with different ways. Ageing Res Rev 91:102075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102075","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14521","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14521","volume":"30","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Elewa YHA, Al-Farga A, Aqlan F, Zahran MH, Batiha GE (2024) Sleep disorders cause Parkinson\u2019s disease or the reverse is true: good GABA good night. CNS Neurosci Ther 30(3):e14521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14521","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00611-z","volume":"9","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou H, Shen B, Huang Z, Zhu S, Yang W, Xie F, Luo Y, Yuan F, Zhu Z, Deng C, Zheng W, Yang C, Lin CH, Xiao B, Tan EK, Wang Q (2023) Mendelian randomization reveals association between retinal thickness and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 9(1):163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-023-00611-z","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","volume":"4","author":"C Marras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marras C, Beck JC, Bower JH, Roberts E, Ritz B, Ross GW, Abbott RD, Savica R, Van Den Eeden SK, Willis AW, Tanner CM, Parkinson\u2019s Foundation PG (2018) Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease across North America. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 4:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"s1","key":"5113_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181474","volume":"8","author":"ER Dorsey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloem BR (2018) The emerging evidence of the Parkinson pandemic. J Parkinsons Dis 8(s1):S3\u2013S8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-181474","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-230357","volume":"14","author":"ER Dorsey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dorsey ER, Bloem BR (2024) Parkinson\u2019s disease is predominantly an environmental disease. J Parkinsons Dis 14(3):451\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-230357","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"5113_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001142","volume":"85","author":"P Prajjwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prajjwal P, Flores Sanga HS, Acharya K, Tango T, John J, Rodriguez RSC, Dheyaa Marsool Marsool M, Sulaimanov M, Ahmed A, Hussin OA (2023) Parkinson\u2019s disease updates: addressing the pathophysiology, risk factors, genetics, diagnosis, along with the medical and surgical treatment. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 85(10):4887\u20134902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001142","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12445","volume":"44","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alshammari MS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE (2024) Role of uric acid in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer and Parkinson disease: a new perspective. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 44(3):639\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/npr2.12445","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03561-y","volume":"61","author":"SA Alnaaim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alnaaim SA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2024) Role of brain liver X receptor in Parkinson\u2019s disease: hidden treasure and emerging opportunities. Mol Neurobiol 61(1):341\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03561-y","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02656-6","volume":"397","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Selim HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Negm WA, Batiha GE (2024) Does vitamin D protect or treat Parkinson\u2019s disease? A narrative review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 397(1):33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-023-02656-6","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"5113_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102143","volume":"93","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Zaidalkiani AT, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Al-Faraga A, Batiha GE (2024) Calprotectin in Parkinsonian disease: anticipation and dedication. Ageing Res Rev 93:102143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102143","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"5113_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18495","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18495","volume":"28","author":"Z Al-Qahtani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Qahtani Z, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Ali NH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2024) The potential role of brain renin-angiotensin system in the neuropathology of Parkinson disease: friend, foe or turncoat? J Cell Mol Med 28(12):e18495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.18495","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01779-7","volume":"29","author":"B Alharbi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alharbi B, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Alharbi H, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GE (2024) Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a bidirectional circuit. Eur J Med Res 29(1):205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01779-7","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03727-8","volume":"61","author":"NH Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali NH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alnaaim SA, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2024) The molecular pathway of p75 Neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the way of new inroads. Mol Neurobiol 61(5):2469\u20132480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03727-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02726-9","volume":"397","author":"NH Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali NH, Alhamdan NA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Batiha GE (2024) Irisin\/PGC-1alpha\/FNDC5 pathway in Parkinson\u2019s disease: truth under the throes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 397(4):1985\u20131995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-023-02726-9","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5113_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18412","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18412","volume":"28","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alshammari MS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE (2024) Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease. J Cell Mol Med 28(11):e18412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.18412","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"5113_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00073","volume":"12","author":"L Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang L, Wang H, Liu L, Xie A (2018) The role of insulin\/IGF-1\/PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3beta signaling in Parkinson\u2019s disease Dementia. Front Neurosci 12:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00073","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5113_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148954","volume":"1836","author":"S Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah S, Pushpa Tryphena K, Singh G, Kulkarni A, Pinjala P, Kumar Khatri D (2024) Neuroprotective role of Carvacrol via Nrf2\/HO-1\/NLRP3 axis in rotenone-induced PD mice model. Brain Res 1836:148954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148954","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5113_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101915","volume":"87","author":"S Rajan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajan S, Tryphena KP, Khan S, Vora L, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK (2023) Understanding the involvement of innate immunity and the Nrf2-NLRP3 axis on mitochondrial health in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev 87:101915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101915","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5113_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175300","volume":"934","author":"M Khot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khot M, Sood A, Tryphena KP, Khan S, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK (2022) NLRP3 inflammasomes: a potential target to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 934:175300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175300","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s13721-024-00445-6","volume":"13","author":"G Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh G, Khatri DK (2024) MicroRNA-gene regulatory network of TLR signaling in neuroinflammation-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a bioinformatics approach. Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics 13(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13721-024-00445-6","journal-title":"Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230128","volume":"8","author":"P Pinjala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Kulkarni A, Goswami PG, Khatri DK (2024) Dimethyl Fumarate exerts a neuroprotective effect by enhancing mitophagy via the NRF2\/BNIP3\/PINK1 axis in the MPP(+) Iodide-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 8(1):329\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ADR-230128","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"5113_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115063","volume":"383","author":"Q Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhang JH (2025) Mitochondrial stress and inflammation in neurological disorders. Exp Neurol 383:115063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115063","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"5113_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112776","volume":"148","author":"MA Gowayed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gowayed MA, El-Sayed NS, Matar NA, Afify EA, El-Ganainy SO (2022) The alpha7 nAChR allosteric modulator PNU-120596 amends neuroinflammatory and motor consequences of parkinsonism in rats: role of JAK2\/NF-kappaB\/GSk3beta\/ TNF-alpha pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 148:112776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112776","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"5113_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7930","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04039-1","volume":"61","author":"T Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng T, Jiang T, Ma H, Zhu Y, Wang M (2024) Targeting PI3K\/Akt in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury alleviation: from signaling networks to targeted therapy. Mol Neurobiol 61(10):7930\u20137949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04039-1","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12760","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12760","volume":"48","author":"F Bassil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassil F, Delamarre A, Canron MH, Dutheil N, Vital A, Negrier-Leibreich ML, Bezard E, Fernagut PO, Meissner WG (2022) Impaired brain insulin signalling in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 48(1):e12760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12760","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"5113_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153664","volume":"91","author":"S Fakhri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fakhri S, Iranpanah A, Gravandi MM, Moradi SZ, Ranjbari M, Majnooni MB, Echeverria J, Qi Y, Wang M, Liao P, Farzaei MH, Xiao J (2021) Natural products attenuate PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway: a promising strategy in regulating neurodegeneration. Phytomedicine 91:153664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153664","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5113_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648636","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.648636","volume":"12","author":"HZ Long","year":"2021","unstructured":"Long HZ, Cheng Y, Zhou ZW, Luo HY, Wen DD, Gao LC (2021) PI3K\/AKT signal pathway: a target of natural products in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Pharmacol 12:648636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.648636","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5113_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115496","volume":"210","author":"S Samim Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samim Khan S, Janrao S, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Vora L, Kumar Khatri D (2023) GSK-3beta: an exuberating neuroinflammatory mediator in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biochem Pharmacol 210:115496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115496","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11030089","volume":"11","author":"K Ramakrishna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramakrishna K, Nalla LV, Naresh D, Venkateswarlu K, Viswanadh MK, Nalluri BN, Chakravarthy G, Duguluri S, Singh P, Rai SN, Kumar A, Singh V, Singh SK (2023) WNT-beta catenin signaling as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future perspective. Diseases 11(3):89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases11030089","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00828-5","volume":"6","author":"Y He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He Y, Sun MM, Zhang GG, Yang J, Chen KS, Xu WW, Li B (2021) Targeting PI3K\/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 6(1):425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00828-5","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5113_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung CY, Singh K, Sheshadri P, Valdebenito GE, Chacko AR, Costa Besada MA, Liang XF, Kabir L, Pitceathly RDS, Szabadkai G, Duchen MR (2024) Inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-MTORC1 axis reduces the burden of the m.3243A>G mtDNA mutation by promoting mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function. Autophagy: 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2024.2437908","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2437908"},{"key":"5113_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2022.104787","volume":"127","author":"MR Khezri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khezri MR, Jafari R, Yousefi K, Zolbanin NM (2022) The PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway in cancer: molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. Exp Mol Pathol 127:104787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2022.104787","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"5113_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.075","volume":"180","author":"XL Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang XL, Khan MI, Wang J, Ali R, Ali SW, Zahra QU, Kazmi A, Lolai A, Huang YL, Hussain A, Bilal M, Li F, Qiu B (2021) Role of receptor tyrosine kinases mediated signal transduction pathways in Tumor growth and angiogenesis-new insight and futuristic vision. Int J Biol Macromol 180:739\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.075","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5113_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.01.016","volume":"63","author":"R Trenker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trenker R, Jura N (2020) Receptor tyrosine kinase activation: from the ligand perspective. Curr Opin Cell Biol 63:174\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.01.016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20190845","volume":"48","author":"M Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox M, Mott HR, Owen D (2020) Class IA PI3K regulatory subunits: p110-independent roles and structures. Biochem Soc Trans 48(4):1397\u20131417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BST20190845","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"5113_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batool Z, Azfal A, Liaquat L, Sadir S, Nisar R, Inamullah A, Faiz Ghalib AU, Haider S (2023) Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). In: Mansour HM, Khattab MM, El-khatib AS (eds) Receptor tyrosine kinases in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Academic Press, pp 117\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-443-18677-6.00012-9","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-443-18677-6.00012-9"},{"issue":"21","key":"5113_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218198","volume":"21","author":"K Ranganna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ranganna K, Selvam C, Shivachar A, Yousefipour Z (2020) Histone Deacetylase inhibitors as multitarget-directed epi-drugs in blocking PI3K oncogenic signaling: a polypharmacology approach. Int J Mol Sci 21(21):8198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21218198","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"32","key":"5113_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)45429-9","volume":"265","author":"CL Carpenter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carpenter CL, Duckworth BC, Auger KR, Cohen B, Schaffhausen BS, Cantley LC (1990) Purification and characterization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase from rat liver. J Biol Chem 265(32):19704\u201319711","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5113_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S48260","volume":"7","author":"RW Mackenzie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mackenzie RW, Elliott BT (2014) Akt\/PKB activation and insulin signaling: a novel insulin signaling pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 7:55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S48260","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"5113_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murphy KE, Park JJ (2020) Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in Alzheimer's disease. In: Martin CR, Preedy VR (eds) Genetics, neurology, behavior, and diet in dementia. Academic Press, pp 227\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-815868-5.00015-3","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-815868-5.00015-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11105","volume":"22","author":"M Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu M, Huang X, Tian Y, Yan X, Wang F, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Yuan X (2020) Phosphorylated GSK-3beta protects stress-induced apoptosis of myoblasts via the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 22(1):317\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2020.11105","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"5113_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Debnath SK, Singh B, Agrawal N, Srivastava R (2022) EPR-selective biodegradable polymer-based nanoparticles for modulating ROS in the management of cervical cancer. In:\u00a0 Chakraborti S (ed) Handbook of oxidative stress in cancer: therapeutic aspects. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-1247-3_127-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1247-3_127-1"},{"key":"5113_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66942","volume":"10","author":"AL Kearney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kearney AL, Norris DM, Ghomlaghi M, Kin Lok Wong M, Humphrey SJ, Carroll L, Yang G, Cooke KC, Yang P, Geddes TA, Shin S, Fazakerley DJ, Nguyen LK, James DE, Burchfield JG (2021) Akt phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate to limit PI3K-mediated PIP3 synthesis. Elife 10:e66942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.66942","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmz156","volume":"52","author":"X Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan X, Zhao Z, Wang D, Xiao J (2020) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 52(3):219\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abbs\/gmz156","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.10.025","volume":"87","author":"YC Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li YC, Panikker P, Xing B, Yang SS, Alexandropoulos C, McEachern EP, Akumuo R, Zhao E, Gulchina Y, Pletnikov MV, Urs NM, Caron MG, Elefant F, Gao WJ (2020) Deletion of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta in D(2) Receptor-positive neurons ameliorates cognitive impairment via NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. Biol Psychiatry 87(8):745\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.10.025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5113_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16635","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16635","volume":"11","author":"S Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai S, Wang P, Gong J, Zhang S (2023) New insights into the role of GSK-3beta in the brain: from neurodegenerative disease to tumorigenesis. PeerJ 11:e16635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.16635","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"24","key":"5113_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2389-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"J Abbah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abbah J, Vacher CM, Goldstein EZ, Li Z, Kundu S, Talbot B, Bhattacharya S, Hashimoto-Torii K, Wang L, Banerjee P, Scafidi J, Smith NA, Chew LJ, Gallo V (2022) Oxidative stress-induced damage to the developing hippocampus is mediated by GSK3beta. J Neurosci 42(24):4812\u20134827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2389-21.2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2019.0056n","volume":"26","author":"S Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee S, Choi EJ, Cho EJ, Lee YB, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Kim YJ (2020) Inhibition of PI3K\/Akt signaling suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Snail\/GSK-3\/beta-catenin pathway. Clin Mol Hepatol 26(4):529\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2019.0056n","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"5113_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118664","volume":"5","author":"E Lauretti","year":"1867","unstructured":"Lauretti E, Dincer O (1867) Pratico D (2020) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 5:118664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118664","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"5113_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.023","volume":"216","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Tian S, Ruan S, Wei J, Wei S, Chen W, Hu H, Qin W, Li Y, Yuan H, Mao J, Xu Y, Xie J (2024) Neuroprotective effects of cordycepin on MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice via suppressing PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and MAPK-mediated neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 216:60\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03217-x","volume":"60","author":"X Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng X, Guo H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Ruganzu JB, Yang Z, Wu X, Bi W, Ji S, Yang W (2023) TREM2 inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis via the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Mol Neurobiol 60(5):2470\u20132485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03217-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5113_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.002","volume":"34","author":"Y Bian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bian Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Cui G, Ung COL, Lu JH, Cong W, Tang B, Lee SM (2021) Oxyphylla A ameliorates cognitive deficits and alleviates neuropathology via the Akt-GSK3beta and Nrf2-Keap1-HO-1 pathways in vitro and in vivo murine models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Adv Res 34:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.002","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"5113_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102339","volume":"98","author":"LX Yi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yi LX, Zeng L, Wang Q, Tan EK, Zhou ZD (2024) Reelin links apolipoprotein e4, tau, and amyloid-beta in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev 98:102339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102339","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5113_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.11.046","volume":"628","author":"L Hu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hu L, Sun Y, Hu J (2010) Catalpol inhibits apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelium by activating the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway and modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Eur J Pharmacol 628(1\u20133):155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.11.046","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5113_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12378","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12378","volume":"12","author":"J Solana-Balaguer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solana-Balaguer J, Martin-Flores N, Garcia-Segura P, Campoy-Campos G, Perez-Sisques L, Chicote-Gonzalez A, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, Perez-Navarro E, Alberch J, Malagelada C (2023) RTP801 mediates transneuronal toxicity in culture via extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 12(11):e12378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jev2.12378","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.179","volume":"22","author":"JJ Credle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Credle JJ, George JL, Wills J, Duka V, Shah K, Lee YC, Rodriguez O, Simkins T, Winter M, Moechars D, Steckler T, Goudreau J, Finkelstein DI, Sidhu A (2015) GSK-3beta dysregulation contributes to parkinson\u2019s-like pathophysiology with associated region-specific phosphorylation and accumulation of tau and alpha-synuclein. Cell Death Differ 22(5):838\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cdd.2014.179","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"5113_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8814236","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8814236","volume":"2020","author":"CW Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng CW, Chen NF, Chan TF, Chen WF (2020) Therapeutic role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b in Parkinson\u2019s disease via antineuroinflammation and neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. Parkinsons Dis 2020:8814236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8814236","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113709","volume":"155","author":"J Olloquequi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olloquequi J, Cano A, Sanchez-Lopez E, Carrasco M, Verdaguer E, Fortuna A, Folch J, Bullo M, Auladell C, Camins A, Ettcheto M (2022) Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 155:113709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113709","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5113_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.659951","volume":"9","author":"F Cornejo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornejo F, Cortes BI, Findlay GM, Cancino GI (2021) LAR receptor tyrosine phosphatase family in healthy and diseased brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:659951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.659951","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5113_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.02.008","volume":"117","author":"X Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge X, Hu M, Zhou M, Fang X, Chen X, Geng D, Wang L, Yang X, An H, Zhang M, Lin D, Zheng M, Cui X, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y (2024) Overexpression of forebrain PTP1B leads to synaptic and cognitive impairments in obesity. Brain Behav Immun 117:456\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.02.008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5113_CR63","unstructured":"Mortell MH (2022) Mammalian target of rapamycin cell signaling pathway in phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 knockout rat model of familial Parkinson's disease. Theses and Dissertations--Med Sci 19"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04587-x","volume":"478","author":"K Ramasubbu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramasubbu K, Devi Rajeswari V (2023) Impairment of insulin signaling pathway PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and insulin resistance induced AGEs on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective review. Mol Cell Biochem 478(6):1307\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04587-x","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"5113_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117628","volume":"322","author":"L Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu L, Hu X, Xu R, Zhao Y, Xiong L, Ai J, Wang X, Chen X, Ba Y, Xing Z, Guo C, Mi S, Wu X (2024) Piperine promotes PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR-mediated gut-brain autophagy to degrade alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease rats. J Ethnopharmacol 322:117628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117628","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.192","volume":"18","author":"H Zhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhai H, Kang Z, Zhang H, Ma J, Chen G (2019) Baicalin attenuated substantia nigra neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease rats via the mTOR\/AKT\/GSK-3beta pathway. J Integr Neurosci 18(4):423\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.192","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2833","volume":"39","author":"N Nakano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakano N, Matsuda S, Ichimura M, Minami A, Ogino M, Murai T, Kitagishi Y (2017) PI3K\/AKT signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors is involved in neurodegenerative Parkinson\u2019s disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 39(2):253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2833","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00538","volume":"22","author":"H Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu H, Yu R, Zhang M, Zheng X, Zhong L, Yang W, Luo Y, Huang Z, Zheng J, Zhong H, Wei X, Zheng W, Yu Y, Wang Q (2025) Fibrinogen degradation products exacerbate alpha-synuclein aggregation by inhibiting autophagy via downregulation of Beclin1 in multiple system atrophy. Neurotherapeutics 22(2):e00538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00538","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"5113_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02558-9","volume":"58","author":"AJ Garcia-Yague","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Yague AJ, Lastres-Becker I, Stefanis L, Vassilatis DK, Cuadrado A (2021) alpha-synuclein induces the gsk-3-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of NURR1 and loss of dopaminergic hallmarks. Mol Neurobiol 58(12):6697\u20136711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02558-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010147","volume":"9","author":"S Riis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riis S, Murray JB, O\u2019Connor R (2020) IGF-1 signalling regulates mitochondria dynamics and turnover through a conserved GSK-3beta-Nrf2-BNIP3 pathway. Cells 9(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9010147","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00757-y","volume":"70","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wang X, Xu P, Ji X, Chi T, Liu P, Zou L (2020) Tolfenamic acid inhibits GSK-3beta and PP2A mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. J Physiol Sci 70(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12576-020-00757-y","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"5113_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.03.010","volume":"97","author":"M Golpich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golpich M, Amini E, Hemmati F, Ibrahim NM, Rahmani B, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, Dargahi L, Ghasemi R, Ahmadiani A (2015) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3beta) signaling: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Res 97:16\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.03.010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12038","volume":"123","author":"L Gong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gong L, Zhang QL, Zhang N, Hua WY, Huang YX, Di PW, Huang T, Xu XS, Liu CF, Hu LF, Luo WF (2012) Neuroprotection by urate on 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: linking to Akt\/GSK3beta signaling pathway. J Neurochem 123(5):876\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.12038","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0860-4","volume":"55","author":"S Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh S, Mishra A, Bharti S, Tiwari V, Singh J, Parul SS (2018) Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates equilibrium between neurogenesis and gliogenesis in rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a crosstalk with Wnt and notch signaling. Mol Neurobiol 55(8):6500\u20136517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0860-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"622","key":"5113_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe3947","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abe3947","volume":"13","author":"FA Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sayed FA, Kodama L, Fan L, Carling GK, Udeochu JC, Le D, Li Q, Zhou L, Wong MY, Horowitz R, Ye P, Mathys H, Wang M, Niu X, Mazutis L, Jiang X, Wang X, Gao F, Brendel M, Telpoukhovskaia M, Tracy TE, Frost G, Zhou Y, Li Y, Qiu Y, Cheng Z, Yu G, Hardy J, Coppola G, Wang F, DeTure MA, Zhang B, Xie L, Trajnowski JQ, Lee VMY, Gong S, Sinha SC, Dickson DW, Luo W, Gan L (2021) AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation. Sci Transl Med 13(622):eabe3947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.abe3947","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"5113_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi HJ, Cha SJ, Lee JW, Kim HJ, Kim K (2020) Recent advances on the role of GSK3beta in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Sci 10(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10100675","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10100675"},{"key":"5113_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189246","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/189246","volume":"2011","author":"P Lei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lei P, Ayton S, Bush AI, Adlard PA (2011) GSK-3 in Neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011:189246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4061\/2011\/189246","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00081","volume":"13","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Ma S, Chen J, Hu K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Su Z, Woodgett JR, Li M, Huang Q (2020) GSK-3beta contributes to Parkinsonian dopaminergic neuron death: evidence from conditional knockout mice and tideglusib. Front Mol Neurosci 13:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00081","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.06.017","volume":"225","author":"J Wills","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wills J, Jones J, Haggerty T, Duka V, Joyce JN, Sidhu A (2010) Elevated tauopathy and alpha-synuclein pathology in postmortem Parkinson\u2019s disease brains with and without dementia. Exp Neurol 225(1):210\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.06.017","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6342","volume":"15","author":"S Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang S, Chen Z, Cao M, Li R, Wang Z, Zhang M (2017) Pioglitazone ameliorates Abeta42 deposition in rats with diet-induced insulin resistance associated with AKT\/GSK3beta activation. Mol Med Rep 15(5):2588\u20132594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.6342","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333277","volume":"121","author":"SH Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu SH, Jiang T, Yang SS, Yang Y (2013) Pioglitazone ameliorates intracerebral insulin resistance and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation in rats with type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 121(4):220\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1333277","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"5113_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135754","volume":"749","author":"T Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma T, Kaur D, Grewal AK, Singh TG (2021) Therapies modulating insulin resistance in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross talk. Neurosci Lett 749:135754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135754","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5113_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El-Megiri N, Mostafa YM, Ahmed A, Mehanna ET, El-Azab MF, Alshehri F, Alahdal H, El-Sayed NM (2022) Pioglitazone ameliorates hippocampal neurodegeneration, disturbances in glucose metabolism and AKT\/mTOR signaling pathways in pentyelenetetrazole-kindled mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 15(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15091113","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091113"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12059","volume":"8","author":"OK Idowu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Idowu OK, Oluyomi OO, Faniyan OO, Dosumu OO, Akinola OB (2022) The synergistic ameliorative activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and gamma agonists, fenofibrate and pioglitazone, on hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of insulin resistance. Ibrain 8(3):251\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibra.12059","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5113_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000351247","volume":"70","author":"J Kong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kong J, Ren G, Jia N, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang W, Chen B, Cao Y (2013) Effects of nicorandil in neuroprotective activation of PI3K\/AKT pathways in a cellular model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur Neurol 70(3\u20134):233\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000351247","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR86","first-page":"313","volume":"41","author":"W Baiqiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baiqiao W, Xiaoru L, Min H, Yu L, Chaoling T (2021) Effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction and PI3K\/Akt pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease rats. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine 41(4):313","journal-title":"Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"5113_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106348","volume":"181","author":"H Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar H, Chakrabarti A, Sarma P, Modi M, Banerjee D, Radotra BD, Bhatia A, Medhi B (2023) Novel therapeutic mechanism of action of metformin and its nanoformulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and role of AKT\/ERK\/GSK pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 181:106348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106348","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5113_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108173","volume":"175","author":"YK Ryu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ryu YK, Go J, Park HY, Choi YK, Seo YJ, Choi JH, Rhee M, Lee TG, Lee CH, Kim KS (2020) Metformin regulates astrocyte reactivity in Parkinson\u2019s disease and normal aging. Neuropharmacology 175:108173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108173","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4236\/wjns.2012.22011","volume":"2","author":"D Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang D, Han Y, Zhang J, Chopp M, Seyfried DM (2012) Statins enhance expression of growth factors and activate the PI3K\/Akt-mediated signaling pathway after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. World J Neurosci 2(2):74\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/wjns.2012.22011","journal-title":"World J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5113_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.59","volume":"33","author":"Y Jin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jin Y, Sui HJ, Dong Y, Ding Q, Qu WH, Yu SX, Jin YX (2012) Atorvastatin enhances neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons in vitro via up-regulating the Akt\/mTOR and Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 33(7):861\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aps.2012.59","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"5113_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.05.020","volume":"97","author":"C Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang C, Chen T, Li G, Zhou L, Sha S, Chen L (2015) Simvastatin prevents beta-amyloid(25\u201335)-impaired neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus through alpha7nAChR-dependent cascading PI3K-Akt and increasing BDNF via reduction of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Neuropharmacology 97:122\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.05.020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1985465","volume":"23","author":"B Tomlinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tomlinson B, Chan P, Lam CWK (2022) An overview of alogliptin + pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 23(1):29\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2021.1985465","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"5113_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yin X, Guo X, Liu Z, Wang J (2023) Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 24(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032844","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032844"},{"key":"5113_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666958","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.666958","volume":"15","author":"AM Saunders","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saunders AM, Burns DK, Gottschalk WK (2021) Reassessment of pioglitazone for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front Neurosci 15:666958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.666958","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5113_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00043-0","volume":"20","author":"DK Burns","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burns DK, Alexander RC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Culp M, Chiang C, O\u2019Neil J, Evans RM, Harrigan P, Plassman BL, Burke JR, Wu J, Lutz MW, Haneline S, Schwarz AJ, Schneider LS, Yaffe K, Saunders AM, Ratti E, investigators Ts (2021) Safety and efficacy of pioglitazone for the delay of cognitive impairment in people at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (TOMMORROW): a prognostic biomarker study and a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 20(7):537\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00043-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00990.x","volume":"82","author":"T Breidert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Breidert T, Callebert J, Heneka MT, Landreth G, Launay JM, Hirsch EC (2002) Protective action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 82(3):615\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00990.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.010","volume":"197","author":"P Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kaundal RK, More S, Sharma SS (2009) Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on cognitive impairment in MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Brain Res 197(2):398\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"5113_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527322666221005122408","volume":"22","author":"MY Zamanian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zamanian MY, Terefe EM, Taheri N, Kujawska M, Tork YJ, Abdelbasset WK, Shoukat S, Opulencia MJC, Heidari M, Alesaeidi S (2023) Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of pioglitazone on Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive narrative review of clinical and experimental findings. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 22(10):1453\u20131461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527322666221005122408","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00144-1","volume":"14","author":"Investigators NETiPDF-Z","year":"2015","unstructured":"Investigators NETiPDF-Z (2015) Pioglitazone in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 14(8):795\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00144-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"S3","key":"5113_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.051950","volume":"17","author":"F Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng F, Fang J, Zhang P, Pieper AA, Cummings JL (2022) Pioglitazone reduces the incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from genetics to population-based validation. Alzheimers Dement 17(S3):e051950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.051950","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.391397","volume":"71","author":"RS Basutkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basutkar RS, Sudarsan P, Robin SM, Bhaskar V, Viswanathan B, Sivasankaran P (2023) Drug repositioning of Pioglitazone in management and improving the cognitive function among the patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol India 71(6):1132\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.391397","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"5113_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.10.023","volume":"106","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Tao Y, Li J, Kang M (2022) Pioglitazone use is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 106:154\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.10.023","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/2305-0500.282984","volume":"9","author":"H Al-kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-kuraishy H, Al-Maiahy T, Al-Gareeb A, Musa R, Ali Z (2020) COVID-19 pneumonia in an Iraqi pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 9(3):156\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2305-0500.282984","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03817-4","volume":"48","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Khamjan NA, Saad HM, Batiha GE, De Waard M (2023) A potential link between visceral obesity and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurochem Res 48(3):745\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-022-03817-4","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"5113_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113225","volume":"152","author":"M Alorabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alorabi M, Cavalu S, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Negm WA, Youssef A, El-Kadem AH, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2022) Pentoxifylline and berberine mitigate diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity in male rats via modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 152:113225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113225","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5113_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2021.200121","volume":"11","author":"GE Batiha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batiha GE, Gari A, Elshony N, Shaheen HM, Abubakar MB, Adeyemi SB, Al-Kuraishy HM (2021) Hypertension and its management in COVID-19 patients: the assorted view. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev 11:200121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2021.200121","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"5113_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01615-w","volume":"71","author":"SS Alkhayyat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkhayyat SS, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, El-Bouseary MM, AboKamer AM, Batiha GE, Simal-Gandara J (2022) Fenofibrate for COVID-19 and related complications as an approach to improve treatment outcomes: the missed key for holy grail. Inflamm Res 71(10\u201311):1159\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-022-01615-w","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_26_20","volume":"4","author":"H Al-Kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy H, Rasheed H, Hussien N, Al-Naimi M, Al-Gareeb A (2020) Fenofibrate and Crataegus oxyacantha is an effectual combo for mixed dyslipidemia. Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) 4(3):259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_26_20","journal-title":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01700-2","volume":"29","author":"AA Abulaban","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abulaban AA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Alanazi A, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GE (2024) Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Res 29(1):113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01700-2","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06355.x","volume":"111","author":"SO Abdul-Hay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdul-Hay SO, Edirisinghe P, Thatcher GR (2009) Selective modulation of amyloid-beta peptide degradation by flurbiprofen, fenofibrate, and related compounds regulates Abeta levels. J Neurochem 111(3):683\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06355.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5113_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.10.004","volume":"38","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang H, Gao Y, Qiao PF, Zhao FL, Yan Y (2014) Fenofibrate reduces amyloidogenic processing of APP in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice via PPAR-alpha\/PI3-K pathway. Int J Dev Neurosci 38:223\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.10.004","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6020028","volume":"6","author":"S Matsuda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsuda S, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Murai T (2018) Implications of PI3K\/AKT\/PTEN signaling on superoxide dismutases expression and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Diseases 6(2):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases6020028","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"5113_CR113","unstructured":"Idowu OK, Ajayi SO, Oluyomi OO, Atobatele NM, Okesina AA (2021) Effect of fenofibrate on hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive function in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Krishna Inst Med Sci (JKIMSU) 10(1):75\u201383.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/full\/10.5555\/20210298269"},{"key":"5113_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.02.009","volume":"53","author":"JK Barbiero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barbiero JK, Santiago R, Tonin FS, Boschen S, da Silva LM, Werner MF, da Cunha C, Lima MM, Vital MA (2014) PPAR-alpha agonist fenofibrate protects against the damaging effects of MPTP in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 53:35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.02.009","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000699","volume":"33","author":"JK Barbiero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barbiero JK, Ramos DC, Boschen S, Bassani T, Da Cunha C, Vital M (2022) Fenofibrate promotes neuroprotection in a model of rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Pharmacol 33(8):513\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000699","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.01.118","volume":"524","author":"K Ogawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogawa K, Yagi T, Guo T, Takeda K, Ohguchi H, Koyama H, Aotani D, Imaeda K, Kataoka H, Tanaka T (2020) Pemafibrate, a selective PPARalpha modulator, and fenofibrate suppress microglial activation through distinct PPARalpha and SIRT1-dependent pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 524(2):385\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.01.118","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-018-2471-2","volume":"32","author":"M Kotoda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kotoda M, Ishiyama T, Mitsui K, Hishiyama S, Matsukawa T (2018) Nicorandil increased the cerebral blood flow via nitric oxide pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channel opening in mice. J Anesth 32(2):244\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-018-2471-2","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246019","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yang Z, He Y, Sun R, Yuan H (2021) The KATP channel opener, nicorandil, ameliorates brain damage by modulating synaptogenesis after ischemic stroke. PLoS ONE 16(1):e0246019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14413","volume":"23","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Pan J, Liu D, Zhang M, Li X, Tian J, Liu M, Jin T, An F (2019) Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K\/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 23(8):5349\u20135359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.14413","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1159\/000374035","volume":"35","author":"H Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu H, Ye M, Yang J, Ding J, Yang J, Dong W, Wang X (2015) Nicorandil protects the heart from ischemia\/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum response-induced apoptosis through PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 35(6):2320\u20132332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000374035","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"5113_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.023","volume":"25","author":"S Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta S, Singh P, Sharma B (2016) Neuroprotective effects of nicorandil in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced vascular dementia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 25(11):2717\u20132728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.023","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-014-0127-9","volume":"35","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Gong CX (2015) From chronic cerebral hypoperfusion to Alzheimer-like brain pathology and neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 35(1):101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-014-0127-9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001884","volume":"9","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhu H, He C, He T, Pan S, Zhao N, Zhu L, Guan G, Liu P, Zhang Y, Wang J (2021) Nicorandil attenuates high glucose-induced insulin resistance by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated ER stress PERK signaling pathway. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 9(1):e001884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001884","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR124","first-page":"224","volume":"11","author":"U Okkay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okkay U, Okkay IF (2022) Neuroprotective effect of nicorandil in 6-OHDA induced in vitro model of parkinson\u2019s disease. Medicine 11(1):224\u2013227","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5113_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105810","volume":"179","author":"C Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao C, Fu X, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Y (2024) ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, Nicorandil, inhibits NF-kappaB\/AIM2\/GSDMD pathway activation to protect against neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 179:105810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105810","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01255-4","volume":"31","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2023) The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inflammopharmacology 31(4):1751\u20131760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01255-4","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"5113_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13334","volume":"14","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Nadwa EH, Albogami SM, Alorabi M, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2022) Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure. J Diabetes 14(12):806\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.13334","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_18_20","volume":"11","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Sami OM, Hussain NR, Al-Gareeb AI (2020) Metformin and\/or vildagliptin mitigate type II diabetes mellitus induced-oxidative stress: the intriguing effect. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 11(3):142\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_18_20","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"5113_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11445","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202312_34583","volume":"27","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, El Kholy AA, El-Khateeb E, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Elekhnawy E, Alsubaie N, Hamad RS, Batiha GE (2023) The potential therapeutic effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with severe COVID-19. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 27(23):11445\u201311456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202312_34583","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_273_18","volume":"9","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Waheed HJ, Al-Maiahy TJ (2018) Differential effect of metformin and\/or glyburide on apelin serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: concepts and clinical practice. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 9(3):80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_273_18","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"5113_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120299","volume":"291","author":"M Sanati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A (2022) Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Life Sci 291:120299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120299","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01648-7","volume":"45","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Niemi MS, Aljowaie RM, Almutairi SM, Alexiou A, Batiha GE (2022) The prospective effect of allopurinol on the oxidative stress index and endothelial dysfunction in covid-19. Inflammation 45(4):1651\u20131667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01648-7","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20160815080732","volume":"5","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI (2016) Effect of orlistat alone or in combination with Garcinia cambogia on visceral adiposity index in obese patients. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 5(4):408\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/jice.20160815080732","journal-title":"J Intercult Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_65_19","volume":"10","author":"HA Rasheed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasheed HA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Hussien NR, Al-Nami MS (2019) Effects of diabetic pharmacotherapy on prolactin hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: bane or boon. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 10(4):163\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_65_19","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"5113_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babalghith AO, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Sabatier JM, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2022) The potential role of growth differentiation factor 15 in COVID-19: a corollary subjective effect or not? Diagnostics (Basel) 12(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12092051","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092051"},{"key":"5113_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moubarak M, Kasozi KI, Hetta HF, Shaheen HM, Rauf A, Al-Kuraishy HM, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Ayikobua ET, Ssempijja F, Afodun AM, Kenganzi R, Usman IM, Ochieng JJ, Osuwat LO, Matama K, Al-Gareeb AI, Kairania E, Musenero M, Welburn SC, Batiha GE (2021) The rise of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the role of convalescent plasma therapy for management of infections. Life (Basel) 11(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11080734","DOI":"10.3390\/life11080734"},{"key":"5113_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642181","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.642181","volume":"8","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Abdullah SM, Cruz-Martins N, Batiha GE (2021) Case report: hyperbilirubinemia in gilbert syndrome attenuates covid-19-induced metabolic disturbances. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:642181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.642181","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_97_18","volume":"9","author":"HM Alkuraishy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alkuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Waheed HJ (2018) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 is linked with poor cardio-metabolic profile in patients with ischemic stroke: a study of effects of statins. J Neurosci Rural Pract 9(4):496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_97_18","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/JMAU.JMAU_63_20","volume":"8","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Niemi MS, Al-Buhadily AK, Al-Harchan NA, Lugnier C (2020) COVID-19 and phosphodiesterase enzyme type 5 inhibitors. J Microsc Ultrastruct 8(4):141\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/JMAU.JMAU_63_20","journal-title":"J Microsc Ultrastruct"},{"key":"5113_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.021","volume":"170","author":"XH Ge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ge XH, Zhu GJ, Geng DQ, Zhang HZ, He JM, Guo AZ, Ma LL, Yu DH (2017) Metformin protects the brain against ischemia\/reperfusion injury through PI3K\/Akt1\/JNK3 signaling pathways in rats. Physiol Behav 170:115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.021","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"5113_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06176-8","volume":"239","author":"WH Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira WH, Braga CF, Los DB, Araujo SMR, Franca MR, Duarte-Silva E, Rodrigues GB, Rocha SWS, Peixoto CA (2021) Metformin prevents p-tau and amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in diabetic mice. Exp Brain Res 239(9):2821\u20132839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-021-06176-8","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"5113_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.08.017","volume":"91","author":"H Pintana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pintana H, Apaijai N, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC (2012) Effects of metformin on learning and memory behaviors and brain mitochondrial functions in high fat diet induced insulin resistant rats. Life Sci 91(11\u201312):409\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.08.017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"5113_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruegsegger GN, Vanderboom PM, Dasari S, Klaus KA, Kabiraj P, McCarthy CB, Lucchinetti CF, Nair KS (2019) Exercise and metformin counteract altered mitochondrial function in the insulin-resistant brain. JCI Insight 4(18). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.130681","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130681"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010398","volume":"23","author":"F Agostini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agostini F, Masato A, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M (2021) Metformin repurposing for Parkinson disease therapy: opportunities and challenges. Int J Mol Sci 23(1):398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23010398","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04771-7","volume":"479","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Ashour NA, Jabir MS, Negm WA, Batiha GE (2024) Metformin role in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-sword effect. Mol Cell Biochem 479(4):975\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-023-04771-7","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"5113_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendonca IP, de Paiva IHR, Duarte-Silva EP, de Melo MG, da Silva RS, do Nascimento MIX, Peixoto CA (2022) Metformin improves depressive-like behavior in experimental Parkinson\u2019s disease by inducing autophagy in the substantia nigra and hippocampus. Inflammopharmacology 30(5):1705\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01043-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01043-6"},{"key":"5113_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang KH, Chang YL, Gau SY, Tsai TH, Lee CY (2022) Dose-response association of metformin with Parkinson's disease odds in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceutics 14(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050946","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050946"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/2305-0500.281074","volume":"9","author":"H Al-kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-kuraishy H, Al-Gareeb A, Al-Maiahy T (2020) Erectile dysfunction and statins: the assorted view of preponderance. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 9(2):55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2305-0500.281074","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.208263","volume":"9","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI (2017) Acylation-stimulating protein is a surrogate biomarker for acute myocardial infarction: role of statins. J Lab Physicians 9(3):163\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2727.208263","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_7_20","volume":"11","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Naji MT (2021) Statin therapy associated with decreased neuronal injury measured by serum S100beta levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 11(4):246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_7_20","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.333482","volume":"69","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Hussien NR, Al-Naimi MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Lugnier C (2021) Statins therapy improves acute ischemic stroke in patients with cardio-metabolic disorders measured by Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2): new focal point. Neurol India 69(6):1637\u20131644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.333482","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_44_20","volume":"4","author":"H Al-Kuraishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy H, Al-Gareeb A, Naji M (2020) Brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute ischemic stroke: role of statins. Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) 4(3):239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_44_20","journal-title":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.195080","volume":"8","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI (2016) Effects of rosuvastatin alone or in combination with omega-3 fatty acid on adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic profile. J Basic Clin Pharm 8(1):8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-0105.195080","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/denthyp.denthyp_60_19","volume":"10","author":"SS Kadhim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kadhim SS, Al-Windy SA, Al-Nami MS, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI (2019) Possible role of statins on the inflammatory biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study. Dental Hypotheses 10(3):70\u201375","journal-title":"Dental Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01240-x","volume":"31","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2023) The potential therapeutic effect of statins in multiple sclerosis: beneficial or detrimental effects. Inflammopharmacology 31(4):1671\u20131682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01240-x","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"5113_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102209","volume":"95","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK (2024) New insight on the possible role of statins in vascular Parkinsonism: a need for presumptive therapy. Ageing Res Rev 95:102209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102209","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01063","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1063","volume":"11","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alsayegh AA, Almohmadi NH, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2023) Pros and cons for statins use and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an updated perspective. Pharmacol Res Perspect 11(2):e01063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prp2.1063","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"5113_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1422912","volume":"18","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Sulaiman GM, Mohammed HA, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Jawad SF, Swelum AA, Abomughaid MM (2024) The role of statins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protective or not? Front Neurosci 18:1422912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1422912","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5113_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alsubaie N, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alharbi B, De Waard M, Sabatier JM, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2022) Statins use in Alzheimer disease: bane or boon from frantic search and narrative review. Brain Sci 12(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12101290","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101290"},{"issue":"12","key":"5113_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3718","volume":"79","author":"KN Stevens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stevens KN, Creanor S, Jeffery A, Whone A, Zajicek J, Foggo A, Jones B, Chapman R, Cocking L, Wilks J, Webb D, Carroll C, Group PSS (2022) Evaluation of simvastatin as a disease-modifying treatment for patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 79(12):1232\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3718","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5113_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab292","volume":"144","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong SH, Lee HS, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Jung JH, Baik K, Lee YH, Sohn YH, Lee PH (2021) Effects of statins on dopamine loss and prognosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 144(10):3191\u20133200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab292","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212819","volume":"12","author":"MM Lewis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lewis MM, Albertson RM, Du G, Kong L, Foy A, Huang X (2022) Parkinson\u2019s Disease Progression and statins: hydrophobicity matters. J Parkinsons Dis 12(3):821\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-212819","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212655","volume":"11","author":"G Palermo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palermo G, Giannoni S, Giuntini M, Belli E, Frosini D, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R (2021) Statins in Parkinson\u2019s disease: influence on motor progression. J Parkinsons Dis 11(4):1651\u20131662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-212655","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050825","volume":"12","author":"CC Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu CC, Islam MM, Lee AJ, Su CH, Weng YC, Yeh CY, Lee HH, Lin MC (2022) Association between statin use and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: evidence from 18 observational studies comprising 3.7 million individuals. J Pers Med 12(5):825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12050825","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5113_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014852","volume":"98","author":"J Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan J, Qiao L, Tian J, Liu A, Wu J, Huang J, Shen M, Lai X (2019) Effect of statins on Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(12):e14852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000014852","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16207","volume":"59","author":"MY Zamanian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zamanian MY, Ivraghi MS, Gupta R, Prasad KDV, Alsaab HO, Hussien BM, Ahmed H, Ramadan MF, Golmohammadi M, Nikbakht N, Oz T, Kujawska M (2024) miR-221 and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a biomarker with therapeutic potential. Eur J Neurosci 59(2):283\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.16207","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5113_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.838173","volume":"14","author":"MR Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du MR, Gao QY, Liu CL, Bai LY, Li T, Wei FL (2022) Exploring the pharmacological potential of metformin for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 14:838173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.838173","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"22","key":"5113_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557522666220420094317","volume":"22","author":"N Chauhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chauhan N, Paliwal S, Jain S, Verma K, Paliwal S, Sharma S (2022) GSK-3beta and its inhibitors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a recent update. Mini Rev Med Chem 22(22):2881\u20132895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389557522666220420094317","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"5113_CR169","volume-title":"Design and development of novel irreversible GSK-3\u03b2 inhibitors to address Alzheimer's disease","author":"AR Hamann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamann AR (2018) Design and development of novel irreversible GSK-3\u03b2 inhibitors to address Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch"},{"issue":"s1","key":"5113_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S547","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179934","volume":"64","author":"RV Bhat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhat RV, Andersson U, Andersson S, Knerr L, Bauer U, Sundgren-Andersson AK (2018) The conundrum of GSK3 inhibitors: is it the dawn of a new beginning? J Alzheimers Dis 64(s1):S547\u2013S554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-179934","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.013","volume":"85","author":"MF Bastide","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bastide MF, Bido S, Duteil N, Bezard E (2016) Striatal NELF-mediated RNA polymerase II stalling controls L-dopa induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 85:93\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2018.1426043","volume":"37","author":"A Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar A, Srivastava G, Negi AS, Sharma A (2019) Docking, molecular dynamics, binding energy-MM-PBSA studies of naphthofuran derivatives to identify potential dual inhibitors against BACE-1 and GSK-3beta. J Biomol Struct Dyn 37(2):275\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2018.1426043","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"5113_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.07.019","volume":"152","author":"R Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li R, Liu Z, Wu X, Yu Z, Zhao S, Tang X (2019) Lithium chloride promoted hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage through GSK-3beta-mediated pathways-dependent microglia phagocytosis and M2-phenotype differentiation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis in a rat model. Brain Res Bull 152:117\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.07.019","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"5113_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00403","volume":"9","author":"CA Lazzara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lazzara CA, Kim YH (2015) Potential application of lithium in Parkinson\u2019s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 9:403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2015.00403","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4989","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10152","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Liu H, Cheng J, Zhu Y, Xiao Q, Bai Y, Tao J (2019) Neuroprotective effects of lithium on a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease via regulation of alpha-synuclein methylation. Mol Med Rep 19(6):4989\u20134997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2019.10152","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"5113_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108823","volume":"314","author":"G Unal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Unal G, Dokumaci AH, Ozkartal CS, Yerer MB, Aricioglu F (2019) Famotidine has a neuroprotective effect on MK-801 induced toxicity via the Akt\/GSK-3beta\/beta-catenin signaling pathway in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Chem Biol Interact 314:108823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108823","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"9","key":"5113_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21503","volume":"27","author":"TM Motawi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motawi TM, Bustanji Y, El-Maraghy SA, Taha MO, Al Ghussein MA (2013) Naproxen and cromolyn as new glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibitors for amelioration of diabetes and obesity: an investigation by docking simulation and subsequent in vitro\/in vivo biochemical evaluation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 27(9):425\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.21503","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"5113_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174202","volume":"907","author":"J Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su J, Zhang J, Bao R, Xia C, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Lv Q, Qi Y, Xue J (2021) Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are attenuated through activation of AMPK\/GSK-3beta\/PP2A pathway in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 907:174202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174202","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020255","volume":"10","author":"ME Snitow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snitow ME, Bhansali RS, Klein PS (2021) Lithium and therapeutic targeting of GSK-3. Cells 10(2):255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10020255","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04139.x","volume":"99","author":"T Engel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engel T, Goni-Oliver P, Lucas JJ, Avila J, Hernandez F (2006) Chronic lithium administration to FTDP-17 tau and GSK-3beta overexpressing mice prevents tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, but pre-formed neurofibrillary tangles do not revert. J Neurochem 99(6):1445\u20131455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04139.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"5113_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160219113112","volume":"13","author":"G Morris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morris G, Berk M (2016) The putative use of lithium in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 13(8):853\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205013666160219113112","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150437","volume":"48","author":"S Matsunaga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsunaga S, Kishi T, Annas P, Basun H, Hampel H, Iwata N (2015) Lithium as a treatment for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 48(2):403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-150437","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102231","volume":"95","author":"MP Singulani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singulani MP, Ferreira AFF, Figueroa PS, Cuyul-Vasquez I, Talib LL, Britto LR, Forlenza OV (2024) Lithium and disease modification: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev 95:102231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102231","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5113_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109302","volume":"131","author":"T Guttuso Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guttuso T Jr (2019) High lithium levels in tobacco may account for reduced incidences of both Parkinson\u2019s disease and melanoma in smokers through enhanced beta-catenin-mediated activity. Med Hypotheses 131:109302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109302","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-016-0068-y","volume":"4","author":"M Gitlin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gitlin M (2016) Lithium side effects and toxicity: prevalence and management strategies. Int J Bipolar Disord 4(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40345-016-0068-y","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"5113_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.11.62","volume":"1","author":"P Huot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huot P, Fox SH (2011) Nondopaminergic treatments for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurodegenerative Disease Management 1(6):491\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt.11.62","journal-title":"Neurodegenerative Disease Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"5113_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12061","volume":"1","author":"TA Mestre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mestre TA, Shah BB, Connolly BS, de Aquino C, Al Dhakeel A, Walsh R, Ghate T, Lui JP, Fox SH (2014) Famotidine, a histamine H(2) receptor antagonist, does not reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a proof-of-concept study. Mov Disord Clin Pract 1(3):219\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12061","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"5113_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111389","volume":"172","author":"S Momtazmanesh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Momtazmanesh S, Ansari S, Izadi Z, Shobeiri P, Vatankhah V, Seifi A, Ghiasvand F, Bahrami M, Salehi M, Noorbala AA, Akhondzadeh S (2023) Effect of famotidine on cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions induced in post-COVID-19 infection: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. J Psychosom Res 172:111389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111389","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25777","volume":"29","author":"H Doi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doi H, Sakakibara R, Sato M, Hirai S, Masaka T, Kishi M, Tsuyusaki Y, Tateno A, Tateno F, Takahashi O, Ogata T (2014) Nizatidine ameliorates gastroparesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Mov Disord 29(4):562\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25777","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"5113_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105583","volume":"227","author":"J Naslund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naslund J, Asker N, Fick J, Larsson DGJ, Norrgren L (2020) Naproxen affects multiple organs in fish but is still an environmentally better alternative to diclofenac. Aquat Toxicol 227:105583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105583","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2012.762645","volume":"29","author":"TM Motawi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Motawi TM, Bustanji Y, El-Maraghy S, Taha MO, Al-Ghussein MA (2014) Evaluation of naproxen and cromolyn activities against cancer cells viability, proliferation, apoptosis, p53 and gene expression of survivin and caspase-3. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 29(2):153\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14756366.2012.762645","journal-title":"J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01192-2","volume":"31","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2023) A story of the potential effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Parkinson\u2019s disease: beneficial or detrimental effects. Inflammopharmacology 31(2):673\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01192-2","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"21","key":"5113_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.21.2819","volume":"289","author":"PS Aisen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aisen PS, Schafer KA, Grundman M, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, Davis KL, Farlow MR, Jin S, Thomas RG, Thal LJ, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cooperative S (2003) Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 289(21):2819\u20132826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.21.2819","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5113_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286420935676","volume":"13","author":"O Stuve","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stuve O, Weideman RA, McMahan DM, Jacob DA, Little BB (2020) Diclofenac reduces the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot analysis of NSAIDs in two US veteran populations. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 13:1756286420935676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756286420935676","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"18","key":"5113_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007233","volume":"92","author":"LA Hershey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hershey LA, Lipton RB (2019) Naproxen for presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: is this the end, or shall we try again? Neurology 92(18):829\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007233","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"5113_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03399.x","volume":"18","author":"C Becker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Becker C, Jick SS, Meier CR (2011) NSAID use and risk of Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Neurol 18(11):1336\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03399.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"5113_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120822","volume":"454","author":"G Kuhlman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuhlman G, Auinger P, Duff-Canning S, Lang A, Tanner C, Marras C (2023) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and markers of Parkinson\u2019s disease progression: A retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Sci 454:120822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120822","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5113_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/cn300182g","volume":"4","author":"JA Morales-Garcia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morales-Garcia JA, Susin C, Alonso-Gil S, Perez DI, Palomo V, Perez C, Conde S, Santos A, Gil C, Martinez A, Perez-Castillo A (2013) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors as potent therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 4(2):350\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cn300182g","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"5113_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Armagan G, Sevgili E, Gurkan FT, Kose FA, Bilgic T, Dagci T, Saso L (2019) Regulation of the Nrf2 pathway by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in MPP(+)-induced cell damage. Molecules 24(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24071377","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071377"},{"key":"5113_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lovestone S, Boada M, Dubois B, Hull M, Rinne JO, Huppertz HJ, Calero M, Andres MV, Gomez-Carrillo B, Leon T, del Ser T, investigators A (2015) A phase II trial of tideglusib in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 45(1):75\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-141959","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141959"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190256","volume":"69","author":"S Matsunaga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsunaga S, Fujishiro H, Takechi H (2019) Efficacy and safety of glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 69(4):1031\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190256","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5113_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.004","volume":"72","author":"S Keshavarzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keshavarzi S, Kermanshahi S, Karami L, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Sadr S (2019) Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: the role of CREB\/BDNF and Akt\/GSK3 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 72:74\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.004","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03667-3","volume":"202","author":"A Oruc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oruc A, Oruc KY, Yanar K, Mengi M, Caglar A, Kurt BO, Altan M, Sonmez OF, Cakatay U, Uzun H, Simsek G (2024) The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the zinc-mediated neuroprotective effect of metformin in rats with glutamate neurotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 202(1):233\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-023-03667-3","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"5113_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.08.001","volume":"106","author":"JB Hoppe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoppe JB, Coradini K, Frozza RL, Oliveira CM, Meneghetti AB, Bernardi A, Pires ES, Beck RC, Salbego CG (2013) Free and nanoencapsulated curcumin suppress beta-amyloid-induced cognitive impairments in rats: involvement of BDNF and Akt\/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Neurobiol Learn Mem 106:134\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.08.001","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"5","key":"5113_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.02.009","volume":"42","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yin WK, Shi XD, Li Y (2011) Curcumin activates Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway through inhibiting the activity of GSK-3beta in APPswe transfected SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 42(5):540\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.02.009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5113_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlac034","volume":"81","author":"V Donadio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donadio V, Incensi A, Rizzo G, Fileccia E, Ventruto F, Riva A, Tiso D, Recchia M, Vacchiano V, Infante R, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Avino S, Pantieri R, Mostacci B, Avoni P, Liguori R (2022) The effect of curcumin on idiopathic Parkinson disease: a clinical and skin biopsy study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 81(7):545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlac034","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"5113_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113091","volume":"164","author":"T Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin T, Zhang Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang J, Fan R, Zhang Y, Liu X (2022) Curcumin can improve Parkinson\u2019s disease via activating BDNF\/PI3k\/Akt signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 164:113091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113091","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"5113_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rather MA, Khan A, Javed H, Jahan S, Tabassum R, Begum R (2024) Neuropathology of neurological disorders. In: Khan A, Rather MA, Ashraf GM (eds) Mechanism and genetic susceptibility of neurological disorders. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-99-9404-5_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-9404-5_1"},{"issue":"9","key":"5113_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.306066","volume":"16","author":"SN Rai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rai SN, Singh P, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Vamanu E, Singh MP, Singh BK (2021) Promising drug targets and associated therapeutic interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res 16(9):1730\u20131739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.306066","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"5113_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.042","volume":"83","author":"L Marsili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsili L, Bologna M, Miyasaki JM, Colosimo C (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease advanced therapies - a systematic review: more unanswered questions than guidance. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 83:132\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.042","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"5113_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khowdiary MM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Elhenawy AA, Babalghith AO, Shokr MM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, El-Saber Batiha G (2025) Corrigendum to \u201cDysregulation of serotonergic neurotransmission in Parkinson disease: A key duet\u201d [Eur. J. Pharmacol. 995, (2025) 177419]. Eur J Pharmacol 996:177540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177540"},{"key":"5113_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102684","volume":"105","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Sulaiman GM, Mohammed HA, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Ali AA, Abu-Alghayth MH (2025) Beyond amyloid plaque, targeting alpha-synuclein in Alzheimer disease: the battle continues. Ageing Res Rev 105:102684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102684","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5113_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9040118","volume":"9","author":"M Paseban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paseban M, Mohebbati R, Niazmand S, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A (2019) Comparison of the neuroprotective effects of aspirin, atorvastatin, captopril and metformin in diabetes mellitus. Biomolecules 9(4):118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9040118","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5113_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nebrisi EE (2021) Neuroprotective activities of curcumin in Parkinson's disease: a review of the literature. Int J Mol Sci 22(20). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222011248","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011248"},{"issue":"10","key":"5113_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1526925","volume":"22","author":"P Duda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duda P, Wisniewski J, Wojtowicz T, Wojcicka O, Jaskiewicz M, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Rakus D, McCubrey JA, Gizak A (2018) Targeting GSK3 signaling as a potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 22(10):833\u2013848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14728222.2018.1526925","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03072-0","volume":"21","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Tian T, Zhou H, Jiang SY, Jiao YY, Zhu Z, Xia J, Ma JH, Du RH (2024) Metformin normalizes mitochondrial function to delay astrocyte senescence in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease through Mfn2-cGAS signaling. J Neuroinflammation 21(1):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03072-0","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5113_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01082-1","volume":"15","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE (2023) The potential role of human islet amyloid polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases. Diabetol Metab Syndr 15(1):101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-023-01082-1","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:30:34Z","timestamp":1759995034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":217,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05113-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}