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The current study aimed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of PG extract on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. 32 adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (200\u2013250\u00a0g) were used in the experiment. The experimental groups were designed as control (normal saline, intraperitoneal), DOX (18\u00a0mg\/kg, intraperitoneal), PG (200\u00a0mg\/kg, gavage), and PG\u2009+\u2009DOX (200\u00a0mg\/kg, gavage). After treatment, serum levels of testosterone, interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), glutathione (GSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Then, gene expression, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on testicular tissues. Compared to DOX, treatment with PG\u2009+\u2009DOX showed a significant improvement in serum levels of FSH, testosterone, LH, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, MDA, SOD, LDH, GSH, and CAT. It was also observed that PG\u2009+\u2009DOX decreased nuclear factor-\u03baB and cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels, increased androgen receptor expression, restored testicular histopathological structure, and significantly improved spermatogenesis. The results of the present study showed that PG may have an ameliorative effect against DOX-induced male reproductive toxicity, as DOX causes male reproductive toxicity. It can be concluded that PG is one of the effects that protect against DOX-induced testicular toxicity in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and activating the antioxidant system. In light of this information, PG may be a useful agent to prevent the testicular toxicity observed in men receiving DOX treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05116-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T22:04:18Z","timestamp":1748815458000},"page":"12839-12850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Panax Ginseng Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Injury in Male Rats by Modulating NF-\u03baB\/COX-2 and AR Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesim","family":"Yeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Cicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Hacimuftuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ozkaraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Mokhtare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03407-x","volume":"398","author":"EA Mersal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mersal EA, Morsi AA, Alkahtani J et al (2025) Pirfenidone targeted mechanisms for alleviating methotrexate-induced testiculopathy in Wistar rats. 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