{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:14:30Z","timestamp":1785208470818,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Compulsive behavior is a potential transdiagnostic symptom highly present in different neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, schizophrenia, and addiction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive neurostimulation technique, has been proposed as an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for reducing compulsive behavior. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed whether anodal tDCS treatment reduces compulsivity through neuroplasticity mechanisms in male Wistar rats selected by high compulsive drinking on schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). Compulsive rats received low-intensity direct current stimulation (0.5\u00a0mA) over the frontal cortex (FC) once a day for 8 consecutive days for 20\u00a0min, compared to a sham group without stimulation. tDCS treatment did not induce a significant reduction in compulsivity on SIP. However, RT-qPCR analyses revealed that tDCS led to a significant increase in different neuroplasticity markers, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Htr2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Grin1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ngf<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Scn2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the FC of compulsive rats compared to sham treatment. In contrast, tDCS treatment did not induce any change in the neuroplasticity markers in the amygdala. These data suggest that tDCS might be able to induce neuromodulation in the FC by an increase in neuroplasticity gene expression, despite not observing significant differences in compulsive behavior on SIP. Our findings also suggest that future studies employing neuromodulation techniques should aim to target neuroplastic changes within the amygdala, with the potential to reduce compulsive behaviors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T18:47:45Z","timestamp":1753296465000},"page":"15701-15714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased Neuroplasticity in Frontal Cortex to Reduce Compulsive Behavior: A Preclinical tDCS Study in Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeles","family":"Prados-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Moreno-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.046","volume":"102","author":"TW Robbins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robbins TW, Vaghi MM, Banca P (2019) Obsessive-compulsive disorder: puzzles and prospects. Neuron 102:27\u201347","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00807-z","volume":"25","author":"TW Robbins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Robbins TW, Banca P, Belin D (2024) From compulsivity to compulsion: the neural basis of compulsive disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 25:313\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-024-00807-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003415","volume":"53","author":"RH Wichers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wichers RH, van der Wouw LC, Brouwer ME et al (2023) Psychotherapy for co-occurring symptoms of depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 53:17\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291722003415","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"5218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx088","volume":"21","author":"NA Fineberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fineberg NA, Apergis-Schoute AM, Vaghi MM et al (2018) Mapping compulsivity in the DSM-5 obsessive compulsive and related disorders: cognitive domains, neural circuitry, and treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 21:42\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx088","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004675","volume":"8","author":"NA Fineberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fineberg NA, Gale TM (2005) Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:107\u2013129","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152352","volume":"120","author":"PJ van Roessel","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Roessel PJ, Grassi G, Aboujaoude EN et al (2023) Treatment-resistant OCD: pharmacotherapies in adults. Compr Psychiatry 120:152352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152352","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.32","volume":"21","author":"H Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin H, Samuels JF, Wang Y et al (2016) Whole-genome association analysis of treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 21:270\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2015.32","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR8","first-page":"375","volume":"19","author":"HGM Westenberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Westenberg HGM (2007) Obsessive-compulsive disorder revisited from a treatment perspective. Psychiatr Danub 19:375\u2013377","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"5218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852912000697","volume":"18","author":"AS Macy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Macy AS, Theo JN, Kaufmann SCV et al (2013) Quality of life in obsessive compulsive disorder. CNS Spectr 18:21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1092852912000697","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"5218_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01779-7","volume":"55","author":"KCP Remmerswaal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Remmerswaal KCP, Batelaan NM, Hoogendoorn AW et al (2020) Four-year course of quality of life and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 55:989\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-019-01779-7","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"5218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8020037","volume":"8","author":"J Brunelin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunelin J, Mondino M, Bation R et al (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review. Brain Sci 8:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci8020037","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"5218_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152371","volume":"122","author":"NA Fineberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fineberg NA, Cinosi E, Smith MVA et al (2023) Feasibility, acceptability and practicality of transcranial stimulation in obsessive compulsive symptoms (FEATSOCS): a randomised controlled crossover trial. Compr Psychiatry 122:152371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152371","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.002","volume":"41","author":"AH Moffa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moffa AH, Brunoni AR, Nikolin S, Loo CK (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 41:447\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"5218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.1920.2","volume":"12","author":"S Shafiezadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafiezadeh S, Eshghi M, Dokhaei Z et al (2021) Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to reduce the symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Basic Clin Neurosci J 12:675\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.2021.1920.2","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci J"},{"key":"5218_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00928-w","volume":"46","author":"RDMFD Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva RDMFD, Brunoni AR, Goerigk S et al (2021) Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation as an add-on treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, sham-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 46:1028\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-020-00928-w","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thamby A, Seshachala K, Sharma L, et al (2021) Transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder\u2014a large case series. Asian J Psychiatr 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102625"},{"key":"5218_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw119","volume":"12","author":"A Heeren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heeren A, Billieux J, Philippot P et al (2017) Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional bias for threat: a proof-of-concept study among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 12:251\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsw119","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Machado S, de Oliveira Sant\u2019Ana L, Travassos B, Monteiro D (2022) Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces competitive anxiety and modulates heart rate variability in an eSports player. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/17450179-v18-e2209270","DOI":"10.2174\/17450179-v18-e2209270"},{"key":"5218_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.113173","volume":"227","author":"AH Mehrsafar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehrsafar AH, Rosa MAS, Zadeh AM, Gazerani P (2020) A feasibility study of application and potential effects of a single session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on competitive anxiety, mood state, salivary levels of cortisol and alpha amylase in elite athletes under a real-world competition. Physiol Behav 227:113173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.113173","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"5218_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.014","volume":"75","author":"P Shiozawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shiozawa P, Leiva APG, Castro CDC et al (2014) Transcranial direct current stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder: a case study. Biol Psychiatry 75:e17\u2013e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pyv066","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv066","volume":"18","author":"EK Batista","year":"2015","unstructured":"Batista EK, Klauss J, Fregni F et al (2015) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of targeted prefrontal cortex modulation with bilateral tdcs in patients with crack-cocaine dependence. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 18:pyv066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv066","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.019","volume":"112","author":"PS Boggio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boggio PS, Zaghi S, Villani AB et al (2010) Modulation of risk-taking in marijuana users by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Drug Alcohol Depend 112:220\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"5218_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15172","volume":"53","author":"P Gaudreault","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaudreault P, Sharma A, Datta A et al (2021) A double-blind sham-controlled phase 1 clinical trial of tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cocaine inpatients: craving, sleepiness, and contemplation to change. Eur J Neurosci 53:3212\u20133230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.15172","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klauss J, Anders QS, Felippe LV, et al (2018) Multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduced craving and relapses for alcohol use: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.00716","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00716"},{"key":"5218_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707007833","volume":"11","author":"PS Boggio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boggio PS, Rigonatti SP, Ribeiro RB et al (2008) A randomized, double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy of cortical direct current stimulation for the treatment of major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11:249\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1461145707007833","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.09.010","volume":"35","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunoni AR, Ferrucci R, Bortolomasi M et al (2011) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in unipolar vs. bipolar depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:96\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.09.010","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.876514","volume":"15","author":"M Mondino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mondino M, Bennabi D, Poulet E et al (2014) Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alleviate symptoms and improve cognition in psychiatric disorders? World J Biol Psychiatry 15:261\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15622975.2013.876514","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cosmo C (2015) Spreading Effect of tDCS in individuals with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder as shown by functional cortical networks: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00111","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00111"},{"key":"5218_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-017-0552-4","volume":"30","author":"A Sotnikova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sotnikova A, Soff C, Tagliazucchi E et al (2017) Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates neuronal networks in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Topogr 30:656\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-017-0552-4","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"5218_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","volume":"527","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2000) Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol 527:633\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5218_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00235-9","volume":"114","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Liebetanz D, Lang N et al (2003) Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 114:2220\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00235-9","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5218_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21104","volume":"32","author":"R Polan\u00eda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polan\u00eda R, Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2011) Modulating functional connectivity patterns and topological functional organization of the human brain with transcranial direct current stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 32:1236\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21104","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5218_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.10.040","volume":"144","author":"DS Santos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santos DS, Stein DJ, Medeiros HR et al (2021) Transcranial direct current stimulation alters anxious-like behavior and neural parameters in rats with chronic pain exposed to alcohol. J Psychiatr Res 144:369\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.10.040","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"5218_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"CJ Stagg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Best JG, Stephenson MC et al (2009) Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial stimulation. J Neurosci 29:5202\u20135206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.03.009","volume":"23","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunoni AR, Kemp AH, Shiozawa P et al (2013) Impact of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms on response to sertraline versus transcranial direct current stimulation: Implications for the serotonergic system. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 23:1530\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.03.009","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.270","volume":"41","author":"HI Kuo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuo HI, Paulus W, Batsikadze G et al (2016) Chronic enhancement of serotonin facilitates excitatory transcranial direct current stimulation-induced neuroplasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:1223\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2015.270","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.03.022","volume":"66","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Kuo MF, Karrasch R et al (2009) Serotonin affects transcranial direct current-induced neuroplasticity in humans. Biol Psychiatry 66:503\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.03.022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab035","volume":"24","author":"L Melo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Melo L, Mosayebi-Samani M, Ghanavati E et al (2021) Dosage-dependent impact of acute serotonin enhancement on transcranial direct current stimulation effects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 24:787\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab035","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.001","volume":"17","author":"L Melo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melo L, Beaupain MC, Ghanavati E et al (2024) Neurochemical mechanisms underlying serotonergic modulation of neuroplasticity in humans. Brain Stimul 17:421\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.001","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5218_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvarez-Alvarado S, Boutzoukas EM, Kraft JN, et al (2021) Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training on frontal lobe neurotransmitter concentrations. Front Aging Neurosci 13:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.761348","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.761348"},{"key":"5218_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.02.031","volume":"90","author":"HC Barron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barron HC, Vogels TP, Emir UE et al (2016) Unmasking latent inhibitory connections in human cortex to reveal dormant cortical memories. Neuron 90:191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.02.031","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5218_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.244","volume":"500","author":"VP Clark","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clark VP, Coffman BA, Trumbo MC, Gasparovic C (2011) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces localized and specific alterations in neurochemistry: a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurosci Lett 500:67\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.244","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5218_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan H, Zheng Y, Wang M, et al (2020) Effect of long-term transcranial direct current stimulation on Glx and GABA: a pilot study. In: 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, pp 3561\u20133564","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175996"},{"key":"5218_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01177-0","volume":"271","author":"E Mezger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mezger E, Rauchmann B-S, Brunoni AR et al (2021) Effects of bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on brain glutamate levels and resting state connectivity: multimodal MRI data for the cathodal stimulation site. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 271:111\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-020-01177-0","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300517","volume":"29","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Jaussi W, Liebetanz D et al (2004) Consolidation of human motor cortical neuroplasticity by D-cycloserine. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1573\u20131578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300517","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238","volume":"125","author":"D Liebetanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liebetanz D (2002) Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain 125:2238\u20132247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awf238","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5218_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.012","volume":"144","author":"TH Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu TH, Wu YJ, Chien ME, Sen HK (2019) Transcranial direct current stimulation induces hippocampal metaplasticity mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuropharmacology 144:358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2570-3","volume":"219","author":"M Moreno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moreno M, Flores P (2012) Schedule-induced polydipsia as a model of compulsive behavior: neuropharmacological and neuroendocrine bases. Psychopharmacology 219:647\u2013659","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20220005","volume":"6","author":"M Moreno-Montoya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreno-Montoya M, Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba M, Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E (2022) Negative valence system as a relevant domain in compulsivity: review in a preclinical model of compulsivity. Emerg Top Life Sci 6:491\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/ETLS20220005","journal-title":"Emerg Top Life Sci"},{"key":"5218_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666221121091454","volume":"21","author":"E Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba M, Flores P, Moreno-Montoya M (2023) Differential neurobiological markers in phenotype-stratified rats modeling high or low vulnerability to compulsive behavior: a narrative review. Curr Neuropharmacol 21:1924\u20131933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X21666221121091454","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"5218_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba M, Prados-Pardo \u00c1, et al (2023) Behavioral domains in compulsive rats: implications for understanding compulsive spectrum disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1175137","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1175137"},{"key":"5218_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.03.016","volume":"93","author":"A Merch\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merch\u00e1n A, S\u00e1nchez-Kuhn A, Prados-Pardo A et al (2019) Behavioral and biological markers for predicting compulsive-like drinking in schedule-induced polydipsia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 93:149\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.03.016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw141","volume":"43","author":"SV Navarro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Navarro SV, Alvarez R, Colomina MT et al (2017) Behavioral biomarkers of schizophrenia in high drinker rats: a potential endophenotype of compulsive neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophr Bull 43:778\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbw141","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"5218_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prados-Pardo \u00c1, Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Mora S, et al (2019) Increased fear memory and glutamatergic modulation in compulsive drinker rats selected by schedule-induced polydipsia. Front Behav Neurosci 13:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00100","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00100"},{"key":"5218_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2575-y","volume":"219","author":"M Moreno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moreno M, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ferre VE, Ruedas L et al (2012) Poor inhibitory control and neurochemical differences in high compulsive drinker rats selected by schedule-induced polydipsia. Psychopharmacology 219:661\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-011-2575-y","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba M, Prados-Pardo \u00c1, et al (2022) Socioemotional deficit and HPA axis time response in high compulsive rats selected by schedule-induced polydipsia. Horm Behav 142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105170"},{"key":"5218_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-023-00221-y","volume":"19","author":"E Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Prados-Pardo \u00c1, Sawiak SJ et al (2023) Mapping the neuroanatomical abnormalities in a phenotype of male compulsive rats. Behav Brain Funct 19:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12993-023-00221-y","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"5218_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mora S, Merch\u00e1n A, Aznar S, et al (2020) Increased amygdala and decreased hippocampus volume after schedule-induced polydipsia in high drinker compulsive rats. Behav Brain Res 390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112592"},{"key":"5218_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.09.004","volume":"143","author":"S Mora","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mora S, Merch\u00e1n A, Vilchez O et al (2018) Reduced cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding and glutamate activity in high compulsive drinker rats. Neuropharmacology 143:10\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.09.004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03506-5","author":"\u00c1 Prados-Pardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prados-Pardo \u00c1, Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Mora S et al (2023) Reduced Expression of the Htr2a, Grin1, and Bdnf genes and cognitive inflexibility in a model of high compulsive rats. Mol Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03506-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5218_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01522-y","volume":"48","author":"C Velazquez-Sanchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Velazquez-Sanchez C, Muresan L, Marti-Prats L, Belin D (2023) The development of compulsive coping behaviour is associated with a downregulation of Arc in a Locus Coeruleus neuronal ensemble. Neuropsychopharmacology 48:653\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-022-01522-y","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.026","volume":"300","author":"J \u00cdbias","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u00cdbias J, Soria-Molinillo E, Kastanauskaite A et al (2015) Schedule-induced polydipsia is associated with increased spine density in dorsolateral striatum neurons. Neuroscience 300:238\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.026","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"5218_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.09.006","volume":"73","author":"C de Oliveira","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Oliveira C, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC et al (2019) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats. Neuropeptides 73:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2018.09.006","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"5218_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.001","volume":"11","author":"DT Leffa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leffa DT, Bellaver B, Salvi AA et al (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation improves long-term memory deficits in an animal model of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and modulates oxidative and inflammatory parameters. Brain Stimul 11:743\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.001","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5218_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santos DS, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, et al (2021) Bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces alcohol consumption and induces long-term neurochemical changes in rats with neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136014"},{"key":"5218_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1o-Casta\u00f1o S, Feijoo-Cuaresma M, Paredes-Pacheco J, et al (2019) tDCS recovers depth perception in adult amblyopic rats and reorganizes visual cortex activity. Behavioural Brain Research 370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111941"},{"key":"5218_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.03.014","volume":"103","author":"IC Macedo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macedo IC, de Oliveira C, Vercelino R et al (2016) Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation reduces food craving in Wistar rats. Appetite 103:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2016.03.014","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"5218_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.01.022","volume":"120","author":"D Liebetanz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liebetanz D, Koch R, Mayenfels S et al (2009) Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats. Clin Neurophysiol 120:1161\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.01.022","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5218_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perez-Fernandez C, Morales-Navas M, Aguilera-S\u00e1ez LM, et al (2020) Medium and long-term effects of low doses of Chlorpyrifos during the postnatal, preweaning developmental stage on sociability, dominance, gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. Environ Res 184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109341"},{"key":"5218_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02933-0","volume":"59","author":"C Perez-Fernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perez-Fernandez C, Matamala Montoya M, Morales-Navas M et al (2022) Influence of gestational chlorpyrifos exposure on ASD-like behaviors in an fmr1-ko rat model. Mol Neurobiol 59:5835\u20135855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02933-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5218_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.05.026","volume":"51","author":"A Kindlundhhogberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kindlundhhogberg A, Svenningsson P, Schioth H (2006) Quantitative mapping shows that serotonin rather than dopamine receptor mRNA expressions are affected after repeated intermittent administration of MDMA in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 51:838\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.05.026","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR72","first-page":"1538","volume":"19","author":"JCM Lau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lau JCM, Kroes RA, Moskal JR, Linsenmeier RA (2013) Diabetes changes expression of genes related to glutamate neurotransmission and transport in the Long-Evans rat retina. Mol Vis 19:1538\u20131553","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"5218_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge"},{"key":"5218_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113050","volume":"400","author":"G Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang G, Wang Y (2021) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produce anti-anxiety response in acute stress exposure rats via activation of amygdala CB1R. Behav Brain Res 400:113050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113050","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5218_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.01.005","volume":"14","author":"A Van Schuerbeek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Schuerbeek A, Vanderhasselt MA, Baeken C et al (2021) Effects of repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on auditory fear extinction in C57BL\/6J mice. Brain Stimul 14:250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2021.01.005","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5218_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.233","volume":"42","author":"D Perani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perani D, Garibotto V, Gorini A et al (2008) In vivo PET study of 5HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine dysfunction in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroimage 42:306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.233","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5218_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3746","volume":"15","author":"DL Pauls","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pauls DL, Abramovitch A, Rauch SL, Geller DA (2014) Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: an integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 15:410\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3746","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.10.001","volume":"65","author":"R Bation","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bation R, Poulet E, Haesebaert F et al (2016) Transcranial direct current stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: an open-label pilot study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 65:153\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.10.001","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.08.011","volume":"62","author":"R Bation","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bation R, Mondino M, Le Camus F et al (2019) Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 62:38\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.08.011","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000218","volume":"31","author":"M Mondino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mondino M, Haesebaert F, Poulet E et al (2015) Efficacy of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left orbitofrontal cortex in a patient with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J ECT 31:271\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000218","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"5218_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2017.1319492","volume":"23","author":"U Palm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palm U, Leitner B, Kirsch B et al (2017) Prefrontal tDCS and sertraline in obsessive compulsive disorder: a case report and review of the literature. Neurocase 23:173\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13554794.2017.1319492","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"5218_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3699-7","volume":"232","author":"SV Navarro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Navarro SV, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ferre V, Flores P, Moreno M (2015) Activation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors inhibits high compulsive drinking on schedule-induced polydipsia. Psychopharmacology 232:383\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-014-3699-7","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.023","volume":"70","author":"HB Simpson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simpson HB, Slifstein M, Bender J et al (2011) Serotonin 2A receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a positron emission tomography study with [11C]MDL 100907. Biol Psychiatry 70:897\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108064","volume":"170","author":"GA Higgins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Higgins GA, Brown M, St John J et al (2020) Effects of 5-HT2C receptor modulation and the NA reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine in tests of compulsive and impulsive behaviour. Neuropharmacology 170:108064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108064","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0710-6","volume":"192","author":"S Rosenzweig-Lipson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Sabb A, Stack G et al (2007) Antidepressant-like effects of the novel, selective, 5-HT2C receptor agonist WAY-163909 in rodents. Psychopharmacology 192:159\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-007-0710-6","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5218_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.76","volume":"18","author":"S Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor S (2013) Molecular genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comprehensive meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Mol Psychiatry 18:799\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2012.76","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5218_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ziomber A, Rokita E, Kaszuba-Zwoinska J, et al (2018) Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation induces behavioral, metabolic and neurochemical effects in rats on high-calorie diet. Front Behav Neurosci 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00262","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00262"},{"key":"5218_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merch\u00e1n A, Mora S, Gago B, et al (2019) Excessive habit formation in schedule\u2010induced polydipsia: microstructural analysis of licking among rat strains and involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Genes Brain Behav 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gbb.12489","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12489"},{"key":"5218_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7ay G, Aslan M, Kipmen\u00a0Korgun D, et al (2024) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the glutamatergic pathway in the male rat hippocampus after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.25247","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25247"},{"key":"5218_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03990-0","volume":"48","author":"LEF Zin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zin LEF, Vizuete AFK, Callai EMM et al (2023) Astroglial alterations in the hippocampus of rats submitted to a single trans-cranial direct current stimulation Trial. Neurochem Res 48:3447\u20133456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-023-03990-0","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"5218_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000820","volume":"38","author":"AS Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar AS, Khanra S, Goyal N et al (2022) Adjunctive high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in brain glutamate-glutamine and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid, withdrawal and craving during early abstinence among patients with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine-naloxone. J ECT 38:124\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000820","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"5218_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.677","volume":"24","author":"EJ Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang EJ, Reichardt LF (2001) Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function. Annu Rev Neurosci 24:677\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.677","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5218_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.05.002","volume":"30","author":"F Cirulli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cirulli F, Alleva E (2009) The NGF saga: from animal models of psychosocial stress to stress-related psychopathology. Front Neuroendocrinol 30:379\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.05.002","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"5218_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10010","volume":"12","author":"JF Guzowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guzowski JF (2002) Insights into immediate-early gene function in hippocampal memory consolidation using antisense oligonucleotide and fluorescent imaging approaches. Hippocampus 12:86\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hipo.10010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"5218_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02935553","volume":"5","author":"WC Abraham","year":"1991","unstructured":"Abraham WC, Dragunow M, Tate WP (1991) The role of immediate early genes in the stabilization of long-term potentiation. Mol Neurobiol 5:297\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02935553","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5218_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5734","volume":"92","author":"W Link","year":"1995","unstructured":"Link W, Konietzko U, Kauselmann G et al (1995) Somatodendritic expression of an immediate early gene is regulated by synaptic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:5734\u20135738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5734","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5218_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200501156","volume":"169","author":"Y Albert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albert Y, Whitehead J, Eldredge L et al (2005) Transcriptional regulation of myotube fate specification and intrafusal muscle fiber morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 169:257\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200501156","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"5218_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09642-x","volume":"12","author":"NS Sanikhani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanikhani NS, Modarressi MH, Jafari P et al (2020) The effect of Lactobacillus casei consumption in improvement of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: an animal study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 12:1409\u20131419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09642-x","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"5218_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-00788-4","volume":"40","author":"HR Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo HR, Huang BL, Wang YL et al (2020) Effect of escitalopram on serum GDNF and BDNF levels and 5-HT level of brain tissue of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 40:991\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-020-00788-4","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5218_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010084","volume":"11","author":"H Brozka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brozka H, Alexova D, Radostova D et al (2021) Plasticity-related activity in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, and prefrontal cortex following a repeated treatment with D2\/D3 agonist quinpirole. Biomolecules 11:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11010084","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5218_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jadhav KS, Bernheim AP, Aeschlimann L, et al (2022) Reversing anterior insular cortex neuronal hypoexcitability attenuates compulsive behavior in adolescent rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2121247119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2121247119"},{"key":"5218_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.05.026","volume":"151","author":"L-S Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao L-S, Du Y, Chen L et al (2022) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a biomarker for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 151:676\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.05.026","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"5218_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir P, Y\u0131lmaz E, Y\u0131lmaz E (2018) Comparison of paraoxonase, prolidase activities and Hs-CRP, BDNF levels in patients with autogenous and reactive subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder. Anatol J Psychiat 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/apd.13148","DOI":"10.5455\/apd.13148"},{"key":"5218_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.08.007","volume":"10","author":"YJ Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu YJ, Lin CC, Yeh CM et al (2017) Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation improves cognitive dysfunction and synaptic plasticity deficit in the prefrontal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Stimul 10:1079\u20131087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2017.08.007","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5218_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12415","volume":"22","author":"S Pedron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedron S, Beverley J, Haffen E et al (2017) Transcranial direct current stimulation produces long-lasting attenuation of cocaine-induced behavioral responses and gene regulation in corticostriatal circuits. Addict Biol 22:1267\u20131278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12415","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"5218_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111164","volume":"220","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Mao L, Zhou Q et al (2025) Role of BDNF-TrkB signaling in the improvement of motor function and neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke in rats by transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Res Bull 220:111164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111164","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"5218_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113173","volume":"404","author":"BC Lopes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopes BC, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ et al (2021) tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators. Behav Brain Res 404:113173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113173","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5218_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.037","volume":"103","author":"PWE Spratt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spratt PWE, Ben-Shalom R, Keeshen CM et al (2019) The autism-associated gene Scn2a contributes to dendritic excitability and synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex. Neuron 103:673-685.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.037","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5218_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49392-7","volume":"9","author":"I L\u00e9na","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00e9na I, Mantegazza M (2019) NaV1.2 haploinsufficiency in Scn2a knock-out mice causes an autistic-like phenotype attenuated with age. Sci Rep 9:12886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49392-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5218_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-019-0265-5","volume":"10","author":"T Tatsukawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tatsukawa T, Raveau M, Ogiwara I et al (2019) Scn2a haploinsufficient mice display a spectrum of phenotypes affecting anxiety, sociability, memory flexibility and ampakine CX516 rescues their hyperactivity. Mol Autism 10:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-019-0265-5","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"5218_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Hattori S, Mizukami H, et al (2023) Inversed effects of Nav1.2 deficiency at medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area for prepulse inhibition in acoustic startle response. Mol Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03610-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03610-6"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:04:16Z","timestamp":1761908656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05218-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and have been carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010\/63\/EU for animal experiments and the National Spanish Research Royal Decree 53\/2013 for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The project was authorized by the University of Almeria Ethical Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}