{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:13:05Z","timestamp":1790107985681,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1764758182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pachymic Acid Promotes ILC2 Migration to the Brain via Dynein Axonemal Heavy Chain 9 Upregulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BiMeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LiLin","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YinQiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5482_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000287","volume":"27","author":"RC Tasker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tasker RC, Duncan ED (2015) Focal cerebral ischemia and neurovascular protection: a bench-to-bedside update. Curr Opin Pediatr 27(6):694\u2013699","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5482_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5070","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y (2022) Neuronal injuries in cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke: from mechanisms to treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 49(2):15","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"5482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2021.102034","volume":"118","author":"V Bay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bay V, Iversen NK, Shiadeh SMJ, Tasker RA, Wegener G, Ardalan M (2021) Tissue processing and optimal visualization of cerebral infarcts following sub-acute focal ischemia in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 118:102034","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"issue":"4","key":"5482_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2022.120101","volume":"60","author":"G Kapanova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kapanova G, Tashenova G, Akhenbekova A, Tokpinar A, Yilmaz S (2022) Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: from public health perspectives to mechanisms. Folia Neuropathol 60(4):384\u2013389","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00691-2","volume":"27","author":"W Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu W, Kong X, Wang H, Li Y, Luo Y (2022) Ischemic stroke and intestinal flora: an insight into brain-gut axis. Eur J Med Res 27(1):73","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"6371","key":"5482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5809","volume":"359","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Y, Mao K, Chen X, Sun MA, Kawabe T, Li W et al (2018) S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense. Science 359(6371):114\u2013119","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"5482_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180610","volume":"216","author":"L Campbell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campbell L, Hepworth MR, Whittingham-Dowd J, Thompson S, Bancroft AJ, Hayes KS et al (2019) ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites. J Exp Med 216(12):2714\u20132723","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"5482_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191172","author":"RR Ricardo-Gonzalez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Schneider C, Liao C, Lee J, Liang HE, Locksley RM (2020) Tissue-specific pathways extrude activated ILC2s to disseminate type 2 immunity. J Exp Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20191172","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5482_CR9","first-page":"4322","volume":"10","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Liu M, Fu R, Cao Q, Wang Y, Han S et al (2018) Alteration of circulating innate lymphoid cells in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Am J Transl Res 10(12):4322\u20134330","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5482_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2022-001919","volume":"8","author":"P Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng P, Xiu Y, Chen Z, Yuan M, Li Y, Wang N et al (2023) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells resolve neuroinflammation following cerebral ischaemia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 8(5):424\u2013434","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5482_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11484","volume":"24","author":"C Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei C, Wang H, Sun X, Bai Z, Wang J, Bai G et al (2022) Pharmacological profiles and therapeutic applications of pachymic acid (Review). Exp Ther Med 24(3):547","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5482_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-021-2414-2","volume":"42","author":"Y He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Y, Zhong JH, Wei XD, Huang CY, Peng PL, Yao J et al (2022) Pachymic acid ameliorates pulmonary hypertension by regulating Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. Curr Med Sci 42(1):56\u201367","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5482_CR13","first-page":"197","volume":"82","author":"Y Zhai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhai Y, Liu B, Wu L, Zou M, Mei X, Mo X (2022) Pachymic acid prevents neuronal cell damage induced by hypoxia\/reoxygenation via miR-155\/NRF2\/HO-1 axis. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 82(2):197\u2013206","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5482_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-020-00540-3","volume":"35","author":"Y Pang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pang Y, Zhu S, Pei H (2020) Pachymic acid protects against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 35(4):673\u2013680","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5482_CR15","first-page":"935","volume":"43","author":"R Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao R, Yang Z, Zhang W, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Zhang X et al (2023) Pachymic acid protects against Crohn\u2019s disease-like intestinal barrier injury and colitis in miceby suppressingintestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K\/AKT signaling. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 43(6):935\u2013942","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"3","key":"5482_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017070774","volume":"29","author":"Q Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao Q, Wang Y, Niu Z, Wang C, Wang R, Zhang Z et al (2018) Potentiating Tissue-Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells by IL-33 to Prevent Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 29(3):961\u2013976","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5482_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.047","volume":"10","author":"K Moro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moro K, Ealey KN, Kabata H, Koyasu S (2015) Isolation and analysis of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mice. Nat Protoc 10(5):792\u2013806","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"5482_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu H, Ding J, Porter CBM, Wallrapp A, Tabaka M, Ma S et al (2019) Transcriptional Atlas of Intestinal Immune Cells Reveals that Neuropeptide alpha-CGRP Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses. Immunity 51(4):696\u2013708 e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.004"},{"issue":"10","key":"5482_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4020","volume":"11","author":"L Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie L, Liu G, Liu Y, Yu Y (2021) In vitro and in vivo CD8(+) T cell suppression assays. Bio-Protoc 11(10):e4020","journal-title":"Bio-Protoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"5482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014050479","volume":"26","author":"Q Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Q, Niu Z, Tan J, Yang J, Liu Y, Ma H et al (2015) IL-25 elicits innate lymphoid cells and multipotent progenitor type 2 cells that reduce renal ischemic\/reperfusion injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 26(9):2199\u20132211","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5482_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.3.472","volume":"17","author":"JB Bederson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsuji M, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski H (1986) Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke 17(3):472\u2013476","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"5482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090000","volume":"9","author":"YR Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim YR, Kim HN, Ahn SM, Choi YH, Shin HK, Choi BT (2014) Electroacupuncture promotes post-stroke functional recovery via enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in mouse focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS ONE 9(2):e90000","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.185","volume":"33","author":"M Balkaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balkaya M, Krober JM, Rex A, Endres M (2013) Assessing post-stroke behavior in mouse models of focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33(3):330\u2013338","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"265","key":"5482_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113355","volume":"30","author":"Q Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie Q, Ma R, Guo X, Chen H, Wang J (2021) Benzoinum from Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hart exerts a NVU protective effect by inhibiting cell apoptosis in cerebral ischaemia rats. J Ethnopharmacol 30(265):113355","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5482_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.10.016","volume":"103","author":"MR Fassad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fassad MR, Shoemark A, Legendre M, Hirst RA, Koll F, le Borgne P et al (2018) Mutations in Outer Dynein Arm Heavy Chain DNAH9 Cause Motile Cilia Defects and Situs Inversus. Am J Hum Genet 103(6):984\u2013994","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"5482_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.10.020","volume":"103","author":"NT Loges","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loges NT, Antony D, Maver A, Deardorff MA, Gulec EY, Gezdirici A et al (2018) Recessive DNAH9 loss-of-function mutations cause laterality defects and subtle respiratory ciliary-beating defects. Am J Hum Genet 103(6):995\u20131008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"5482_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03697-8","volume":"47","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Jia M, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wu J (2022) Cell death mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurochem Res 47(12):3525\u20133542","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"5482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044279","volume":"54","author":"LR Wechsler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wechsler LR, Adeoye O, Alemseged F, Bahr-Hosseini M, Deljkich E, Favilla C et al (2023) Most promising approaches to improve stroke outcomes: the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable XII workshop. Stroke 54(12):3202\u20133213","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"5482_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/cjop.CJOP-D-22-00118","volume":"66","author":"C Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue C, Xu Z, Liu Z, Zeng C, Ye Q (2023) Pachymic acid protects hepatic cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reperfusion injury by activating sirtuin 1 to inhibit HMGB1 acetylation and inflammatory signaling. Chin J Physiol 66(4):239\u2013247","journal-title":"Chin J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11704","volume":"23","author":"GP Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang GP, Liao YJ, Huang LL, Zeng XJ, Liao XH (2021) Effects and molecular mechanism of pachymic acid on ferroptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 23(1):63","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"5482_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12090","author":"D Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu D, Ding J, Li Z, Lu Y (2023) Pachymic acid (PA) inhibits ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes via activation of the AMPK in mice with ischemia\/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Cell Biol Int 48(1):46\u201359.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbin.12090","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"5482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.041","volume":"1381","author":"DC Wagner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner DC, Riegelsberger UM, Michalk S, Hartig W, Kranz A, Boltze J (2011) Cleaved caspase-3 expression after experimental stroke exhibits different phenotypes and is predominantly non-apoptotic. Brain Res 1381:237\u2013242","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5482_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000812","volume":"206","author":"P de Lucia Finkel","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Lucia Finkel P, Xia W, Jefferies WA (2021) Beyond unconventional: what do we really know about Group 2 innate lymphoid cells? J Immunol 206(7):1409\u20131417","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7937","key":"5482_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05297-6","volume":"611","author":"AM Tsou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsou AM, Yano H, Parkhurst CN, Mahlakoiv T, Chu C, Zhang W et al (2022) Neuropeptide regulation of non-redundant ILC2 responses at barrier surfaces. Nature 611(7937):787\u2013793","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"5482_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0182-0","volume":"16","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Chen S, Chi Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Wang H et al (2019) Kinetics of the accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in IL-33-induced and IL-25-induced murine models of asthma: a potential role for the chemokine CXCL16. Cell Mol Immunol 16(1):75\u201386","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"5482_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102331","volume":"68","author":"D Kobayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kobayashi D, Umemoto E, Miyasaka M (2023) The role of extracellular ATP in homeostatic immune cell migration. Curr Opin Pharmacol 68:102331","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:36:24Z","timestamp":1764758184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05482-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study followed the guidelines of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health. The animal experiments were approved by the ethics committee of the Division of Laboratory Animal Science of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 20231115\u2013121).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}],"article-number":"240"}}