{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T13:42:23Z","timestamp":1794490943904,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009229","name":"American University in Cairo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The limited regenerative capacity of human nervous tissue compared to other species has long fascinated researchers. Remarkably, non-mammalian vertebrates such as teleost fish and axolotls possess robust regenerative abilities, capable of regenerating entire limbs and even fully transected spinal cords. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing spinal cord regeneration across species may offer insights to accelerate repair processes and improve the quality of life for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis compiled genome-wide spinal cord gene expression datasets from published SCI studies spanning multiple species. A targeted search was conducted using Gene Expression Omnibus, PubMed, and Science Direct, yielding 167 studies employing microarray and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies. After screening, 42 studies were selected: 20 used microarray, 17 used bulk RNA-seq, 2 employed single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), 2 combined bulk and scRNA-seq, and 1 incorporated both single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) and scRNA-seq. Approximately 43% of the selected studies were performed on\n                    <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Nine studies met the criteria for meta-analysis, allowing for cross-species comparison. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) varied across models, reflecting species-specific responses. At day 7 post-injury, 214 DEGs were shared between regenerative (REG) and non-regenerative (non-REG) species. Across acute and subacute phases (multiple time points within the first week), 694 shared DEGs were identified. A month post-injury, 51 genes overlapped. Overall, 824 DEGs were common to the REG and non-REG groups at all time points. To explore functional relationships, protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) analysis was conducted on the oppositely regulated DEGs shared between REG and non-REG groups. Using Cytoscape and the CytoHubba plugin, key hub genes were identified, including CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, and FBXO5, all of which are associated with cell cycle processes. These hub genes were upregulated in non-REG (poorly regenerating) mouse models and may influence regenerative divergence across species by modulating glial proliferation or scar formation. Enrichment analysis revealed significant activation of cell cycle and mitotic processes in the non-REG group, which suggests cell cycle progression in response to injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:10:08Z","timestamp":1766207408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differential Gene Expression Across Species Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sara S.","family":"AbouZekry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manar S.","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Abouhashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungsoo","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad003","volume":"14","author":"T Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian T, Zhang S, Yang M (2023) Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Protein Cell 14(9):635\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwad003","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"5496_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEB.2019.0182","volume":"25","author":"N Ashammakhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashammakhi N, Kim H-J, Ehsanipour A et al (2019) Regenerative therapies for spinal cord injury. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 25(6):471\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.TEB.2019.0182","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"issue":"21","key":"5496_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004417","volume":"47","author":"W Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding W, Hu S, Wang P et al (2022) Spinal cord injury: the global incidence, prevalence, and disability from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Spine 47(21):1532\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004417","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"5496_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703387","volume":"7","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Wilson JR et al (2017) A clinical practice guideline for the management of acute spinal cord injury: introduction, rationale, and scope. Glob Spine J 7(3 Suppl):84S-94S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568217703387","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.02.010","volume":"235","author":"CA Ruff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruff CA, Wilcox JT, Fehlings MG (2012) Cell-based transplantation strategies to promote plasticity following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 235(1):78\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.02.010","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04344.x","volume":"101","author":"JR Monaghan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monaghan JR, Walker JA, Page RB, Putta S, Beachy CK, Voss SR (2007) Early gene expression during natural spinal cord regeneration in the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. J Neurochem 101(1):27\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04344.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"5496_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00562-y","volume":"24","author":"B Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng B, Tuszynski MH (2023) Regulation of axonal regeneration after mammalian spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 24(6):396\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00562-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"5496_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McHedlishvili L, Mazurov V, Grassme KS, Goehler K, Robl B, Tazaki A, Roensch K, Duemmler A, Tanaka EM (2012) Reconstitution of the central and peripheral nervous system during salamander tail regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(34):E2258\u2013E2266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1116738109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116738109"},{"issue":"11","key":"5496_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25118","volume":"100","author":"D Hossainian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hossainian D, Shao E, Jiao B et al (2022) Quantification of functional recovery in a larval zebrafish model of spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 100(11):2044\u20132054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.25118","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"5496_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Love NR, Chen Y, Bonev B et al (2011) Genome-wide analysis of gene expression during Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tail regeneration. BMC Dev Biol 11(1):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-213X-11-70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-70"},{"issue":"2","key":"5496_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03794-8","volume":"48","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H (2023) Rodent models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to application. Neurochem Res 48(2):340\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-022-03794-8","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"5496_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S68889","volume":"6","author":"A Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh A, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Nouri A, Fehlings MG (2014) Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol 6:309\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S68889","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"November","key":"5496_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.07.148","volume":"155","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qian T (2021) Inflammatory response to spinal cord injury and its treatment. World Neurosurg 155(November):19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.07.148","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5496_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00808","volume":"12","author":"J Tica","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tica J, Didangelos A (2018) Comparative transcriptomics of rat and axolotl after spinal cord injury dissects differences and similarities in inflammatory and matrix remodeling gene expression patterns. Front Neurosci 12:808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00808","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"23","key":"5496_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312934","volume":"22","author":"M-M Zavvarian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zavvarian M-M, Zhou C, Kahnemuyipour S, Hong J, Fehlings MG (2021) The MAPK signaling pathway presents novel molecular targets for therapeutic intervention after traumatic spinal cord injury: a comparative cross-species transcriptional analysis. Int J Mol Sci 22(23):12934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222312934","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5496_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151(4):264\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5496_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072567","volume":"8","author":"K Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen K, Deng S, Lu H et al (2013) RNA-seq characterization of spinal cord injury transcriptome in acute\/subacute phases: a resource for understanding the pathology at the systems level. PLoS One 8(8):e72567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072567","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"January","key":"5496_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41008","volume":"7","author":"R-D Duran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duran R-D, Yan H, Zheng Y et al (2017) The systematic analysis of coding and long non-coding RNAs in the sub-chronic and chronic stages of spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 7(January):41008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep41008","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"5496_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D447","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1003","volume":"43","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S et al (2015) STRING V10: protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life. Nucleic Acids Res 43(Database issue):D447\u2013D452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gku1003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5496_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq675","volume":"27","author":"ME Smoot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smoot ME, Ono K, Ruscheinski J, Wang P-L, Ideker T (2011) Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization. Bioinformatics 27(3):431\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq675","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.10.012","volume":"408","author":"K Sabin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabin K, Santos-Ferreira T, Essig J, Rudasill S, Echeverri K (2015) Dynamic membrane depolarization is an early regulator of ependymoglial cell response to spinal cord injury in Axolotl. Dev Biol 408(1):14\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.10.012","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5496_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050932","volume":"22","author":"D Pelzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelzer D, Phipps LS, Thuret R, Gallardo-Dodd CJ, Baker SM, Dorey K (2021) Foxm1 regulates neural progenitor fate during spinal cord regeneration. EMBO Rep 22(9):e50932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202050932","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18757-1","volume":"8","author":"PE Herman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herman PE, Papatheodorou A, Bryant SA et al (2018) Highly conserved molecular pathways, including Wnt signaling, promote functional recovery from spinal cord injury in lampreys. Sci Rep 8(1):742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-18757-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40513-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Y, Wu X, Han S et al (2023) Single-cell analysis reveals region-heterogeneous responses in Rhesus monkey spinal cord with complete injury. Nat Commun 14(1):4796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40513-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5496_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Munro KM, Perreau VM, Turnley AM (2012) Differential gene expression in the EphA4 knockout spinal cord and analysis of the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury. PLoS One 7(5):e37635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037635"},{"key":"5496_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bracchi-Ricard V, Lambertsen KL, Ricard J et al (2013) Inhibition of astroglial NF-\u03baB enhances oligodendrogenesis following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 10(July):92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-2094-10-92","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-92"},{"key":"5496_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00090","volume":"10","author":"HN Noristani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noristani HN, Gerber YN, Sabourin J-C et al (2017) RNA-seq analysis of microglia reveals time-dependent activation of specific genetic programs following spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 10:90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00090","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"5496_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bastien D, Bellver Landete V, Lessard M et al (2015) IL-1\u03b1 gene deletion protects oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury through upregulation of the survival factor Tox3. J Neurosci 35(30):10715\u201310730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0498-15.2015","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0498-15.2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71131-6","volume":"10","author":"LP Slomnicki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slomnicki LP, Myers SA, Ohri SS et al (2020) Improved locomotor recovery after contusive spinal cord injury in Bmal1\u2212\/\u2212 mice is associated with protection of the blood spinal cord barrier. Sci Rep 10(1):14212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-71131-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"5496_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.04.027","volume":"29","author":"M Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel M, Li Y, Anderson J et al (2021) Gsx1 promotes locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Mol Ther 29(8):2469\u20132482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.04.027","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"5496_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-81","volume":"14","author":"Y Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu Y, Collier L, Qin W et al (2013) Electrical stimulation modulates Wnt signaling and regulates genes for the motor endplate and calcium binding in muscle of rats with spinal cord transection. BMC Neurosci 14:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-14-81","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"5496_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9805","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.65203","volume":"11","author":"J Amo-Aparicio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amo-Aparicio J, Garcia-Garcia J, Francos-Quijorna I et al (2021) Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 induce different metabolic profiles in microglia and macrophages that relate with divergent outcomes after spinal cord injury. Theranostics 11(20):9805\u20139820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.65203","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.314114","volume":"17","author":"J-N Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J-N, Zhang Y-N, Tian L-G, Zhang Y, Li X-Y, Ning B (2021) Down-regulating circular RNA Prkcsh suppresses the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 17(1):144\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.314114","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5496_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04864-z","volume":"13","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Xu L, Lin W et al (2022) Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the immune heterogeneity and the repopulation of microglia by Hif1\u03b1 in mice after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 13(5):432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-022-04864-z","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5496_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toro CA, Hansen J, Siddiq MM et al (2023) Synaptojanin 1 modulates functional recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury in male apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 mice. Neurotrauma Rep 4(1):464\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0023","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2023.0023"},{"key":"5496_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salvador AF, Dykstra T, Rustenhoven J et al (2023) Age-dependent immune and lymphatic responses after spinal cord injury. Neuron 111(14):2155-2169.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.04.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.04.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"5496_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.78370","volume":"13","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Ni W, Gaoxiang Yu et al (2023) 3,4-Dimethoxychalcone, a caloric restriction mimetic, enhances TFEB-mediated autophagy and alleviates pyroptosis and necroptosis after spinal cord injury. Theranostics 13(2):810\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.78370","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"5496_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saunders NR, Noor NM, Dziegielewska KM et al (2014) Age-dependent transcriptome and proteome following transection of neonatal spinal cord of Monodelphis domestica (South American Grey Short-Tailed Opossum). PLoS One 9(6):e99080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099080"},{"issue":"2","key":"5496_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.042","volume":"189","author":"JB Aimone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aimone JB, Leigh Leasure J, Perreau VM, Thallmair M, Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation Research Consortium (2004) Spatial and temporal gene expression profiling of the contused rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol 189(2):204\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.042","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"5496_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01513-16","author":"G Torres Tejerizo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres Tejerizo G, Wibberg D, Winkler A et al (2017) Genome sequence of the symbiotic type strain Rhizobium tibeticum CCBAU85039T. Genome Announc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/genomeA.01513-16","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"issue":"9","key":"5496_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00078.2017","volume":"49","author":"RA Spann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spann RA, Lawson WJ, Grill RJ, Garrett MR, Grayson BE (2017) Chronic spinal cord changes in a high-fat diet-fed male rat model of thoracic spinal contusion. Physiol Genomics 49(9):519\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00078.2017","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"5496_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avila-Martin G, Mata-Roig M, Gal\u00e1n-Arriero I, Taylor JS, Busquets X, Escrib\u00e1 PV (2017) Treatment with albumin-hydroxyoleic acid complex restores sensorimotor function in rats with spinal cord injury: efficacy and gene expression regulation. PLoS One 12(12):e0189151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0189151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189151"},{"issue":"January","key":"5496_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00497","volume":"11","author":"C Qin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qin C, Liu C-B, Yang D-G et al (2019) Circular RNA expression alteration and bioinformatics analysis in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 11(January):497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00497","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5496_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319829456","volume":"33","author":"K Kobayakawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobayakawa K, DePetro KA, Zhong H et al (2019) Locomotor training increases synaptic structure with high NGL-2 expression after spinal cord hemisection. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 33(3):225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968319829456","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96003-5","volume":"11","author":"O Seira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seira O, Kolehmainen K, Liu J et al (2021) Ketogenesis controls mitochondrial gene expression and rescues mitochondrial bioenergetics after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. Sci Rep 11(1):16359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-96003-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5496_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.72015","volume":"12","author":"T Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao T, Chen H, Huang W et al (2022) hUC-MSC-mediated recovery of subacute spinal cord injury through enhancing the pivotal subunits \u03923 and \u03932 of the GABAA receptor. Theranostics 12(7):3057\u20133078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.72015","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"11","key":"5496_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11279","volume":"8","author":"E Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li E, Yan R, Yan K et al (2022) Erxian decoction inhibits apoptosis by activating Akt1 and repairs spinal cord injury in rats. Heliyon 8(11):e11279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11279","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"5496_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Rojas B, Giraldo E, Grillo-Risco R et al (2022) NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP\/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 79(8):455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-022-04494-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04494-w"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"5496_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0412","volume":"39","author":"SMF Turner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turner SMF, Sunshine MD, Chandran V, Smuder AJ, Fuller DD (2022) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy after mid-cervical spinal contusion injury. J Neurotrauma 39(9\u201310):715\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2021.0412","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"April","key":"5496_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122002","volume":"295","author":"S Hashimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hashimoto S, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M et al (2023) Microenvironmental modulation in tandem with human stem cell transplantation enhances functional recovery after chronic complete spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 295(April):122002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122002","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5496_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09273-w","volume":"24","author":"J Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao J, Pan C, Zhang J et al (2023) Analysis and verification of the circRNA regulatory network RNO_CIRCpedia_4214\/RNO-miR-667-5p\/Msr1 axis as a potential ceRNA promoting macrophage M2-like polarization in spinal cord injury. BMC Genomics 24:181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-023-09273-w","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"5496_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6033020","volume":"2023","author":"J Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao J, Tang T, Tan J et al (2023) Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Comput Math Methods Med 2023:6033020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6033020","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"5496_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313024","volume":"22","author":"L-Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang L-Y, Tsai M-Y, Juan S-H et al (2021) Exerting the appropriate application of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury based on time course transcriptomics analysis. Int J Mol Sci 22(23):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222313024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5496_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shin HY, Kim H, Kwon MJ, Hwang DH, Lee KiYoung, Kim BG (2014) Molecular and cellular changes in the lumbar spinal cord following thoracic injury: regulation by treadmill locomotor training. PLoS One 9(2):e88215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088215"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40486-5","volume":"14","author":"V Cigliola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cigliola V, Shoffner A, Lee N et al (2023) Spinal cord repair is modulated by the neurogenic factor Hb-Egf under direction of a regeneration-associated enhancer. Nat Commun 14(1):4857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40486-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5496_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo Y, Ma L, Cristofanilli M, Hart RP, Hao A, Schachner M (2011) Transcription factor Sox11b is involved in spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish. Neuroscience 172(January):329\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27419-w","volume":"12","author":"C-X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang C-X, Zhao Y, Mao J et al (2021) An injury-induced serotonergic neuron subpopulation contributes to axon regrowth and function restoration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Nat Commun 12(1):7093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-27419-w","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5496_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hui SP, Sengupta D, Lee SGP et al (2014) Genome wide expression profiling during spinal cord regeneration identifies comprehensive cellular responses in zebrafish. PLoS One 9(1):e84212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0084212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084212"},{"issue":"5","key":"5496_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108721","volume":"34","author":"H Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei H, Wu X, You Y et al (2021) Systematic analysis of purified astrocytes after SCI unveils Zeb2os function during astrogliosis. Cell Rep 34(5):108721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108721","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6114","key":"5496_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230612","volume":"338","author":"NL Barbosa-Morais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barbosa-Morais NL, Irimia M, Pan Q et al (2012) The evolutionary landscape of alternative splicing in vertebrate species. Science 338(6114):1587\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1230612","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"5496_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.29420","volume":"13","author":"J Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu J, Stoica BA, Luo T et al (2014) Isolated spinal cord contusion in rats induces chronic brain neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Cell Cycle 13(15):2446\u20132458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cc.29420","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"2","key":"5496_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1495007","volume":"21","author":"YJ Machida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Machida YJ, Dutta A (2007) The APC\/C inhibitor, Emi 1, is essential for prevention of rereplication. Genes Dev 21(2):184\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.1495007","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"19","key":"5496_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604929113","volume":"113","author":"R Qiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiao R, Weissmann F, Yamaguchi M et al (2016) Mechanism of APC\/CCDC20 activation by mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(19):E2570-2578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1604929113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.01.007","volume":"89","author":"W Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang W, Bitao Bu, Xie M, Zhang M, Zhiyuan Yu, Tao D (2009) Neural cell cycle dysregulation and central nervous system diseases. Prog Neurobiol 89(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.01.007","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5496_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm179","volume":"130","author":"KR Byrnes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Byrnes KR, Stoica BA, Fricke S, Di Giovanni S, Faden AI (2007) Cell cycle activation contributes to post-mitotic cell death and secondary damage after spinal cord injury. Brain 130(11):2977\u20132992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awm179","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"15","key":"5496_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152371","volume":"11","author":"M Ayazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayazi M, Zivkovic S, Hammel G, Stefanovic B, Ren Yi (2022) Fibrotic scar in CNS injuries: from the cellular origins of fibroblasts to the molecular processes of fibrotic scar formation. Cells 11(15):2371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11152371","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"Pt 19","key":"5496_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111195","volume":"125","author":"AM Fry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fry AM, O\u2019Regan L, Sabir SR, Bayliss R (2012) Cell cycle regulation by the NEK family of protein kinases. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 19):4423\u20134433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.111195","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"6289","key":"5496_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3925","volume":"352","author":"K Fujimitsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujimitsu K, Grimaldi M, Yamano H (2016) Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dependent activation of APC\/C ubiquitin ligase. Science (New York, NY) 352(6289):1121\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad3925","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"18","key":"5496_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E10-05-0393","volume":"21","author":"D Gong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gong D, Ferrell JE (2010) The roles of cyclin A2, B1, and B2 in early and late mitotic events. Mol Biol Cell 21(18):3149\u20133161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E10-05-0393","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"24","key":"5496_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.042","volume":"35","author":"H Ren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ren H, Han M, Zhou J et al (2014) Repair of spinal cord injury by inhibition of astrocyte growth and inflammatory factor synthesis through local delivery of Flavopiridol in PLGA nanoparticles. Biomaterials 35(24):6585\u20136594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.042","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"5496_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20999","volume":"84","author":"D-S Tian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tian D-S, Yu Z-Y, Xie M-J, Bu B-T, Witte OW, Wang W (2006) Suppression of astroglial scar formation and enhanced axonal regeneration associated with functional recovery in a spinal cord injury rat model by the cell cycle inhibitor Olomoucine. J Neurosci Res 84(5):1053\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.20999","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5496_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.117","volume":"32","author":"SV Kabadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kabadi SV, Stoica BA, Byrnes KR, Hanscom M, Loane DJ, Faden AI (2012) Selective CDK inhibitor limits neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration after brain trauma. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32(1):137\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.117","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"5496_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61","volume":"3","author":"J Cicenas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A et al (2015) Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. Annals of Translational Medicine 3(10):135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61","journal-title":"Annals of Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"5496_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227530","volume":"28","author":"H Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi H, Tuli HS, Ranjan A et al (2023) The pharmacological implications of flavopiridol: an updated overview. Molecules 28(22):7530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28227530","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"5496_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0328002","volume":"20","author":"T Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng T, Hu J, Xie Mi et al (2025) Identification and experimental validation of BMX as a crucial PANoptosis-related gene for immune response in spinal cord injury. PLoS One 20(7):e0328002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0328002","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"5496_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13390","volume":"26","author":"X Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang X, Wang C, Zhou X et al (2020) Overexpression of the transcription factors OCT4 and KLF4 improves motor function after spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 26(9):940\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13390","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"April","key":"5496_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140289","volume":"300","author":"X Tao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tao X, Chen H, Zhu Z et al (2025) Astrocyte-conditional knockout of MOB2 inhibits the phenotypic conversion of reactive astrocytes from A1 to A2 following spinal cord injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 300(April):140289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140289","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1766207410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05496-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NA.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"NA.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"315"}}