{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:20:25Z","timestamp":1776216025911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T08:52:39Z","timestamp":1764233559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Potential Implications of Neutrophil to Albumin Ratio for Short-term Prognosis\u00a0in Myasthenia Gravis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangjing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","volume":"375","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilhus NE (2016) Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 375:2570\u20132581","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y","volume":"5","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, Verschuuren J (2019) Myasthenia gravis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:30","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3","volume":"14","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Verschuuren JJ (2015) Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 14:1023\u20131036","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.44","volume":"12","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Skeie GO, Romi F, Lazaridis K, Zisimopoulou P, Tzartos S (2016) Myasthenia gravis - autoantibody characteristics and their implications for therapy. Nat Rev Neurol 12:259\u2013268","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01785","volume":"8","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yan Y (2017) Immunopathogenesis in myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica. Front Immunol 8:1785","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005000","volume":"95","author":"YY Weng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weng YY, Yang DH, Qian MZ, Wei MM, Yin F, Li J et al (2016) Low serum albumin concentrations are associated with disease severity in patients with myasthenia gravis. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e5000","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"5555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51706","volume":"10","author":"X Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang X, Xu M, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li F, Chen X et al (2023) The systemic inflammation markers as possible indices for predicting respiratory failure and outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 10:98\u2013110","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S449324","volume":"17","author":"S Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu J, Li S, Lin S, Xie W et al (2024) Systemic inflammatory response index, a potential inflammatory biomarker in disease severity of myasthenia gravis: a pilot retrospective study. J Inflamm Res 17:2563\u20132574","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"5555_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16138","author":"Y Weng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weng Y, Zhu J, Li S, Wang Y, Lin S, Xie W et al (2024) Dynamic changes of peripheral inflammatory markers link with disease severity and predict short-term poor outcome of myasthenia gravis. J Neurochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.16138","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211083","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Kumari T, Barazia A, Jha V, Jeong SY, Olson A et al (2022) Neutrophil DREAM promotes neutrophil recruitment in vascular inflammation. J Exp Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20211083","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"5555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3MR0115-011R","volume":"98","author":"A Marki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marki A, Esko JD, Pries AR, Ley K (2015) Role of the endothelial surface layer in neutrophil recruitment. J Leukoc Biol 98:503\u2013515","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"5555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.69","volume":"2","author":"X Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu X, Liu H, Huang G, Dai SS (2021) The emerging role of neutrophils in autoimmune-associated disorders: effector, predictor, and therapeutic targets. MedComm 2:402\u2013413","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"5555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.10.031","volume":"133","author":"A Eckart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eckart A, Struja T, Kutz A, Baumgartner A, Baumgartner T, Zurfluh S et al (2020) Relationship of nutritional status, inflammation, and serum albumin levels during acute illness: a prospective study. Am J Med 133:713-722.e717","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.084","volume":"147","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang C, Zou C, Li A (2021) Neutrophil-to-albumin ratio as a biomarker of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 147:e453\u2013e458","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.03.027","volume":"99","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang C, Li A (2022) Neutrophil-to-albumin ratio as a novel marker predicting unfavorable outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 99:282\u2013288","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.976216","volume":"9","author":"H Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie H, Wei L, Liu M, Liang Y, Yuan G, Gao S et al (2022) Neutrophil-albumin ratio as a biomarker for postoperative complications and long-term prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical treatment. Front Nutr 9:976216","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"5555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaretzki A, 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, Kaminski HJ, Keesey JC, Penn AS, et al. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Neurology. 2000;55:16\u201323.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"5555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27659","volume":"66","author":"I Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee I, Leach JM, Aban I, McPherson T, Duda PW, Cutter G (2022) One-year follow-up of disease burden and medication changes in patients with myasthenia gravis: from the MG patient registry. Muscle Nerve 66:411\u2013420","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110499","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1110499","volume":"14","author":"R Huda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huda R (2023) Inflammation and autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Front Immunol 14:1110499","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5555_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2018","volume":"99","author":"PX Liew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liew PX, Kubes P (2019) The neutrophil\u2019s role during health and disease. Physiol Rev 99:1223\u20131248","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","volume":"13","author":"E Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P (2013) Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 13:159\u2013175","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5555_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00787-0","volume":"23","author":"G Wigerblad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wigerblad G, Kaplan MJ (2023) Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 23:274\u2013288","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.140","volume":"184","author":"A Sheinenzon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheinenzon A, Shehadeh M, Michelis R, Shaoul E, Ronen O (2021) Serum albumin levels and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 184:857\u2013862","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5555_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x","volume":"17","author":"BR Don","year":"2004","unstructured":"Don BR, Kaysen G (2004) Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Semin Dial 17:432\u2013437","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"5555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269621","volume":"17","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang WK, Zheng XM, Yang L, Wang LH, Qiu XH et al (2022) Decreased salivary \u03b1-amylase activity responding to citric acid stimulation in myasthenia gravis with malnutrition. PLoS ONE 17:e0269621","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27247","volume":"64","author":"Y Yoshimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshimoto Y, Ishida S, Hosokawa T, Arawaka S (2021) Assessment of clinical factors affecting outcome of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 64:90\u201394","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5555_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.847200","author":"Y Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Hou H, Li L, Yong L, Zhang S, Yan L et al (2022) Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio: a good parameter for the evaluation of the severity of anti-NMDAR encephalitis at admission and prediction of short-term prognosis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.847200","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5555_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0185","volume":"17","author":"YH Balcioglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balcioglu YH, Kirlioglu SS (2020) C-reactive protein\/albumin and neutrophil\/albumin ratios as novel inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 17:902\u2013910","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"5555_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09770-y","volume":"267","author":"J Vissing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vissing J, Jacob S, Fujita KP, O\u2019Brien F, Howard JF (2020) \u2018Minimal symptom expression\u2019 in patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis treated with eculizumab. J Neurol 267:1991\u20132001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297997","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1297997","volume":"15","author":"A Mehnert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehnert A, Bershan S, Kollmus-Heege J, Gerischer L, Herdick ML, Hoffmann S et al (2024) Identifying patients at risk for myasthenic crisis with hemogram and inflammation-related laboratory parameters - a pilot study. Front Neurol 15:1297997","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00096","volume":"7","author":"RC De Roxas","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Roxas RC, Bagnas MA, Baldonado JJ, Rivera JP, Roxas AA (2016) Clinical profile and outcome of postthymectomy versus non-thymectomy myasthenia gravis patients in the Philippine General Hospital: a 6-year retrospective study. Front Neurol 7:96","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102895","volume":"132","author":"K Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen K, Li Y, Yang H (2022) Poor responses and adverse outcomes of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy: predicting factors and immunological implications. J Autoimmun 132:102895","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"5555_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12126","volume":"318","author":"AC Alba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alba AC, Agoritsas T, Walsh M, Hanna S, Iorio A, Devereaux PJ et al (2017) Discrimination and calibration of clinical prediction models: users\u2019 guides to the medical literature. JAMA 318:1377\u20131384","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5555_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10891-1","volume":"269","author":"S Lehnerer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lehnerer S, Jacobi J, Schilling R, Grittner U, Marbin D, Gerischer L et al (2022) Burden of disease in myasthenia gravis: taking the patient\u2019s perspective. J Neurol 269:3050\u20133063","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5555_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16367","volume":"9","author":"G Antonini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antonini G, Habetswallner F, Inghilleri M, Mantegazza R, Rodolico C, Sacc\u00e0 F et al (2023) Real world study on prevalence, treatment and economic burden of myasthenia gravis in Italy. Heliyon 9:e16367","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T08:52:40Z","timestamp":1764233560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05555-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"192"}}