{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:07:40Z","timestamp":1793416060669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vingroup Scientific Research and Clinical Application","award":["PRO2178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRO2178"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T01:57:50Z","timestamp":1767751070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Hypoxia-Conditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Nhung T. H.","family":"Dinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieu Ba","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai L. D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung-Chuc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Nhung","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc Son","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyen Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang-Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan-Hai","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Van Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuong Duy","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van T.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liem Nguyen","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5641_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding W, Hu S, Wang P, Kang H, Peng R, Dong Y et al (2022) Spinal cord injury: the global incidence, prevalence, and disability from the global burden of disease study 2019. Spine 47(21):1532\u201340","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004417"},{"issue":"3","key":"5641_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000023","volume":"38","author":"DS Tulsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tulsky DS, Kisala PA, Victorson D, Tate DG, Heinemann AW, Charlifue S et al (2015) Overview of the spinal cord injury \u2013 quality of life (SCI-QOL) measurement system. J Spinal Cord Med 38(3):257\u201369","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"5641_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Berg MEL, Castellote JM, Mahillo-Fernandez I, de Pedro-Cuesta J et al (2010) Incidence of spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology 34(3):184\u201392 discussion 192","DOI":"10.1159\/000279335"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539509355470","volume":"22","author":"WT Chiu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chiu WT, Lin HC, Lam C, Chu SF, Chiang YH, Tsai SH (2010) Review paper: epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: comparisons between developed and developing countries. Asia Pac J Public Health 22(1):9\u201318","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"5641_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64124","volume":"122","author":"AJ Mothe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mothe AJ, Tator CH (2012) Advances in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. J Clin Invest 122(11):3824\u20133834","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR6","first-page":"653","volume":"12","author":"CW Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng CW (2023) Multipotent mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury: current progress and future prospects. Biology (Basel) 12(5):653","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"2020","key":"5641_CR7","first-page":"2853650","volume":"5","author":"L Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao L, Peng Y, Xu W, He P, Li T, Lu X et al (2020) Progress in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Int 5(2020):2853650","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxad087","volume":"42","author":"B Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang B, Long Y, Zhang A, Wang H, Chen Z, Li Q (2024)\u00a0Properties of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles: a novel aspect of thrombosis pathogenesis. Stem Cells 42(2):98\u2013106","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"22","key":"5641_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-29","volume":"9","author":"CA Herberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herberts CA, Kwa MS, Hermsen HP (2011) Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. J Transl Med 9(22):29","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5641_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070727","volume":"8","author":"LM Doyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doyle LM, Wang MZ (2019)\u00a0Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis. Cells 8(7):727","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"5641_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08624-w","volume":"50","author":"A Mohammadipoor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadipoor A, Hershfield MR, Linsenbardt HR, Smith J, Mack J, Natesan S et al (2023) Biological function of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): a review of the field. Mol Biol Rep 50(10):8639\u20138651","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29004","volume":"235","author":"H Abbaszadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbaszadeh H, Ghorbani F, Derakhshani M, Movassaghpour A, Yousefi M (2020) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel therapeutic paradigm. J Cell Physiol 235(2):706\u2013717","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"5641_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8825771","volume":"2020","author":"AG Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao AG, Shah K, Cromer B, Sumer H (2020) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and their therapeutic potential. Stem Cells Int 2020:8825771","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"23","key":"5641_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2020.0133","volume":"29","author":"Z Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren Z, Qi Y, Sun S, Tao Y, Shi R (2020)\u00a0Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: hope for spinal cord injury repair. Stem Cells Dev 29(23):1467\u20131478","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"5641_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-024-06095-y","volume":"176","author":"C Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C (2024) Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic opportunities for spinal cord injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 176(6):716\u2013721","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5641_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1784","volume":"32","author":"X Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu X, Wu R, Jiang Z, Wang L, Chen P, Zhang L et al (2014) Leptin signaling is required for augmented therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells conferred by hypoxia preconditioning. Stem Cells 32(10):2702\u20132713","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.021","volume":"5","author":"M Ejtehadifar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ejtehadifar M, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Dehdilani N, Abbasi P et al (2015) The effect of hypoxia on mesenchymal stem cell biology. Adv Pharm Bull 5(2):141\u2013149","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"5641_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307516","volume":"118","author":"X Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu X, Xu Y, Zhong Z, Wu Y, Zhao J, Wang Y et al (2016) A\u00a0Large-scale investigation of hypoxia-preconditioned allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial repair in nonhuman primates: paracrine activity without remuscularization. Circ Res 118(6):970\u2013983","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v15.i5.400","volume":"15","author":"V Miceli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miceli V, Zito G, Bulati M, Gallo A, Bus\u00e0 R, Iannolo G et al (2023) Different priming strategies improve distinct therapeutic capabilities of mesenchymal stromal\/stem cells: potential implications for their clinical use. World J Stem Cells 15(5):400\u2013420","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1642","key":"5641_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.04.025","volume":"1","author":"Z Zhilai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhilai Z, Biling M, Sujun Q, Chao D, Benchao S, Shuai H et al (2016) Preconditioning in lowered oxygen enhances the therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Brain Res 1(1642):426\u2013435","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5641_CR21","volume":"34","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Li W, Hao M, Yang Y, Xu Y (2023) Hypoxia-treated umbilical mesenchymal stem cell alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in SCI by circular RNA circOXNAD1\/ miR-29a-3p\/ FOXO3a axis. Biochem Biophys Rep 34:101458","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1726-7","volume":"17","author":"W Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu W, Rong Y, Wang J, Zhou Z, Ge X, Ji C et al (2020) Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1\/M2 polarization. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):47","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"7","key":"5641_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01722E","volume":"10","author":"J Mu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu J, Li L, Wu J, Huang T, Zhang Y, Cao J et al (2022) Hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded by adhesive hydrogel for effective angiogenic treatment of spinal cord injury. Biomater Sci 10(7):1803\u20131811","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5641_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0296","volume":"27","author":"C Xue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xue C, Shen Y, Li X, Li B, Zhao S, Gu J et al (2018)\u00a0Exosomes derived from hypoxia-treated human adipose mesenchymal stem cells enhance angiogenesis through the pka signaling pathway. Stem Cells Dev 27(7):456\u2013465","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5641_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14428","volume":"30","author":"Z Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Z, Liang Z, Rao J, Xie H, Zhou M, Xu X et al (2024) Hypoxic-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote the recovery of spinal cord injury by affecting the phenotype of astrocytes through the miR-21\/JAK2\/STAT3 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 30(3):e14428","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"180","key":"5641_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.12.015","volume":"1","author":"T Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang T, Jia Z, Fang L, Cheng Z, Qian J, Xiong F et al (2022) Extracellular vesicle-derived miR-511\u20133p from hypoxia preconditioned adipose mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates spinal cord injury through the TRAF6\/S1P axis. Brain Res Bull 1(180):73\u201385","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.09.004","volume":"23","author":"VT Hoang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoang VT, Trinh QM, Phuong DTM, Bui HTH, Hang LM, Ngan NTH et al (2021) Standardized xeno- and serum-free culture platform enables large-scale expansion of high-quality mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells from perinatal and adult tissue sources. Cytotherapy 23(1):88\u201399","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","volume":"7","author":"C Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Th\u00e9ry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R et al (2018) Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 7(1):1535750","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"10","key":"5641_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102231","volume":"1","author":"A Vahabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vahabi A, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk AM (2023) Conducting spinal cord injury model with clip compression in rodents: Pearls and pitfalls. MethodsX 1(10):102231","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00629-y","volume":"27","author":"L Romero-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Romero-Ram\u00edrez L, Wu S, de Munter J, Wolters ECh, Kramer BW, Mey J (2020) Treatment of rats with spinal cord injury using human bone marrow-derived stromal cells prepared by negative selection. J Biomed Sci 27(1):35","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.1","volume":"12","author":"DM Basso","year":"1995","unstructured":"Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC (1995) A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotrauma 12(1):1\u201321","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90118-9","volume":"88","author":"K Gale","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gale K, Kerasidis H, Wrathall JR (1985) Spinal cord contusion in the rat: behavioral analysis of functional neurologic impairment\u2606. Exp Neurol 88(1):123\u201334","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(86)90088-4","volume":"21","author":"S Hunskaar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hunskaar S, Berge OG, Hole K (1986) A modified hot-plate test sensitivie to mild analgesics. Behav Brain Res 21(2):101\u2013108","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20627","volume":"58","author":"T Liebscher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liebscher T, Schnell L, Schnell D, Scholl J, Schneider R, Gullo M et al (2005) Nogo-A antibody improves regeneration and locomotion of spinal cord\u2013injured rats. Ann Neurol 58(5):706\u201319","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"5641_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D et al (2006) Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The international society for cellular therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8(4):315\u20137","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905"},{"issue":"6","key":"5641_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03545-9","volume":"47","author":"J Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang J, Guo Y (2022) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes promote neurological function recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model. Neurochem Res 47(6):1532\u20131540","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc18133","volume":"12","author":"C Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim C, Kim HJ, Lee H, Lee H, Lee SJ, Lee ST et al (2019)\u00a0Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes functional recovery through mmp2\/stat3 related astrogliosis after spinal cord injury. Int J Stem Cells 12(2):331\u2013339","journal-title":"Int J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"5641_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0445-1","volume":"37","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Yang Y, Shen L, Ding W, Chen X, Wu E et al (2017) Hypoxic preconditioning augments the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow stromal cells in a rat ischemic stroke model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 37(6):1115\u20131129","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5641_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25120","volume":"100","author":"R Ridlen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ridlen R, McGrath K, Gorrie CA (2022) Animal models of compression spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 100(12):2201\u20132212","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"5641_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poon PC, Gupta D, Shoichet MS, Tator CH et al (2007) Clip compression model is useful for thoracic spinal cord injuries: histologic and functional correlates. Spine 32(25):2853\u20139","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b7e6b"},{"issue":"8","key":"5641_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.91","volume":"52","author":"T Cheriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheriyan T, Ryan DJ, Weinreb JH, Cheriyan J, Paul JC, Lafage V et al (2014) Spinal cord injury models: a review. Spinal Cord 52(8):588\u2013595","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"10","key":"5641_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jex2.59","volume":"1","author":"T Driedonks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Driedonks T, Jiang L, Carlson B, Han Z, Liu G, Queen SE et al (2022) Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of extracellular vesicles administered intravenously and intranasally to Macaca nemestrina. J Extracell Biol 1(10):e59","journal-title":"J Extracell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR43","first-page":"2538","volume":"42","author":"W Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang W, Huang X, Lin W, Qiu Y, He Y, Yu J et al (2018) Hypoxic preconditioned bone mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate spinal cord injury in rats via improved survival and migration. Int J Mol Med 42(5):2538\u20132550","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5641_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1976","volume":"33","author":"J Beegle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beegle J, Lakatos K, Kalomoiris S, Stewart H, Isseroff RR, Nolta JA et al (2015) Hypoxic preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells induces metabolic changes, enhances survival, and promotes cell retention in vivo. Stem Cells 33(6):1818\u20131828","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"5641_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44110351","volume":"44","author":"IV Kholodenko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kholodenko IV, Kholodenko RV, Majouga AG, Yarygin KN (2022) Apoptotic MSCs and MSC-derived apoptotic bodies as new therapeutic tools. Curr Issues Mol Biol 44(11):5153\u20135172","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"5641_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu H wei, Chen H dan, Chen Y hong, Mao X li, Feng Y yi, Li S wei, et al (2023) The effects of programmed cell death of mesenchymal stem cells on the development of liver fibrosis. Stem Cells Int (1):4586398.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4586398"},{"key":"5641_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muratori L, Fregnan F, Carta G, Geuna S et al (2021) Autonomic nervous system repair and regeneration. In: Phillips J, Hercher D, Hausner T (eds) Peripheral nerve tissue engineering and regeneration, pp 1\u201321. Reference series in biomedical engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-06217-0_2-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-06217-0_2-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"5641_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3937","volume":"33","author":"G Moonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moonen G, Satkunendrarajah K, Wilcox JT, Badner A, Mothe A, Foltz W et al (2016) A\u00a0New acute impact-compression lumbar spinal cord injury model in the rodent. J Neurotrauma 33(3):278\u2013289","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"18","key":"5641_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100522","volume":"1","author":"Y Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju Y, Hu Y, Yang P, Xie X, Fang B (2023) Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration. Mater Today Bio 1(18):100522","journal-title":"Materials Today Bio"},{"issue":"1","key":"5641_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02078-8","volume":"12","author":"Y Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Y, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie H, Lu H, Hu J (2021) Local delivery of USC-derived exosomes harboring ANGPTL3 enhances spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 12(1):20","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"5641_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.70448","volume":"12","author":"D Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao D, Lu L, Song H, Duan Y, Chen J, Carney R et al (2022) Engineered extracellular vesicles with high collagen-binding affinity present superior in situ retention and therapeutic efficacy in tissue repair. Theranostics 12(13):6021\u201337","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"5641_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.02.015","volume":"170","author":"Q Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang Q, Hao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhuo H, Zhao G (2021) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-125a promotes M2 macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury by downregulating IRF5. Brain Res Bull 170:199\u2013210","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"5641_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galhom RA, Hussein Abd El Raouf HH, Mohammed Ali MH et al (2018) Role of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells and Schwann-like cells transplantation on spinal cord injury in adult male albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 108:1365\u201375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.131"},{"issue":"402","key":"5641_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.05.002","volume":"15","author":"JP de Munter","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Munter JP, Beugels J, Munter S, Jansen L, Cillero-Pastor B, Moskvin O et al (2019) Standardized human bone marrow-derived stem cells infusion improves survival and recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury. J Neurol Sci 15(402):16\u201329","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5641_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro X, Verd\u00fa E, But\u0131\u0301 M (1994) Comparison of regenerative and reinnervating capabilities od diffirent function types of nerve fibers.\u00a0Experiment Neurol 129(2):217\u201324","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1163"},{"key":"5641_CR56","unstructured":"Autonomic Nervous System Repair and Regeneration | Request PDF [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/360843888_Autonomic_Nervous_System_Repair_and_Regeneration"},{"issue":"8","key":"5641_CR57","first-page":"293","volume":"9","author":"N Stifani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stifani N (2014) Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity. Front Cell Neurosci 9(8):293","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5641_CR58","unstructured":"Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1\/M2 polarization - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2025 Mar 17]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32019561\/"},{"key":"5641_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taoka Y, Okajima K, Uchiba M, Johno M et al (2004) Methylprednisolone reduces spinal cord injury in rats without affecting tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/089771501300227332","DOI":"10.1089\/089771501300227332"},{"issue":"14","key":"5641_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141601","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1141601","volume":"24","author":"Y Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia Y, Zhu J, Yang R, Wang H, Li Y, Fu C (2023) Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: mechanisms, current advances and future challenges. Front Immunol 24(14):1141601","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5641_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01225","volume":"10","author":"P Romanelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romanelli P, Bieler L, Scharler C, Pachler K, Kreutzer C, Zaunmair P et al (2019) Extracellular vesicles can deliver anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring activities of mesenchymal stromal cells after spinal cord injury. Front Neurol 10:1225","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13142","volume":"11","author":"W Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao W, He R, Ren J, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhu L et al (2021) Exosomal HMGB1 derived from hypoxia-conditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increases angiogenesis via the JNK\/HIF-1\u03b1 pathway. FEBS Open Bio 11(5):1364\u201373","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"issue":"2","key":"5641_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.R115.053751","volume":"15","author":"EA van Niekerk","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Niekerk EA, Tuszynski MH, Lu P, Dulin JN (2016) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 15(2):394\u2013408","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"180","key":"5641_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117537","volume":"1","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Jin M, Guo D, Shen S, Lu K, Pan R et al (2024) Unveiling the immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: Challenges and strategies for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 1(180):117537","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"5641_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01626","volume":"24","author":"P Lohan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lohan P, Treacy O, Griffin MD, Ritter T, Ryan AE (2017) Anti-donorimmune responses elicited by allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles: are we still learning?.\u00a0Front Immunol 24(8):1626","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5641_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosa G dos S, Krieck AMT, Padula ET, Stievani F de C, Rossi MC, Pfeifer JPH et al (2022) Production of cytotoxic antibodies after intra-articular injection of allogeneic synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells with and without lps administration. Front Immunol 13:871216","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.871216"},{"issue":"9","key":"5641_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0849-6","volume":"10","author":"DJ Barberini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barberini DJ, Aleman M, Aristizabal F, Spriet M, Clark KC, Walker NJ et al (2018) Safety and tracking of intrathecal allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in healthy and diseased horses. Stem Cell Res Ther 10(9):96","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"5641_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041272","volume":"21","author":"H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim H, Na DL, Lee NK, Kim AR, Lee S, Jang H (2020) Intrathecal\u00a0injection in a rat model: a potential route to deliver human wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the brain. Int J Mol Sci 21(4):1272","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5641_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-019-00202-1","volume":"16","author":"MP Quesada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quesada MP, Garc\u00eda-Bernal D, Pastor D, Estirado A, Blanquer M, Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez AM et al (2019) Safety and biodistribution of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells injected intrathecally in non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice: preclinical study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 16(5):525\u2013538","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T03:02:15Z","timestamp":1767754935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05641-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Collection of human umbilical cord was approved by the Ethics Council of Vinmec International Hospital (Hanoi, Vietnam). Approval number: No.18\/2022\/CN-HDDD VMEC; Date of approval: March 09, 2022. The donors provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the Institutional Review Board\u2019s (IRB) Guidelines for Animal Experiments and were authorized by the IRB at the Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine (Hanoi, Vietnam). Approval number: IRB-A-2201. Date of approval: June 05, 2022.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"348"}}