{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:53:44Z","timestamp":1773518024401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Project in Hebei Province","award":["No.20240922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.20240922"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T14:47:55Z","timestamp":1773499675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pretreatment With Methylene Blue Atenuates Seizures, Cognitive Impairment, Hippocampal Neuronal Damage and Oxidative Stress in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5801_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2015.0739","volume":"17","author":"GL Holmes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holmes GL (2015) Cognitive impairment in epilepsy: the role of network abnormalities. Epileptic Disord 17(2):101\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1684\/epd.2015.0739","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"5801_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.878991","volume":"13","author":"MR Khalife","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalife MR, Scott RC, Hernan AE (2022) Mechanisms for cognitive impairment in epilepsy: moving beyond seizures. Front Neurol 13:878991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.878991","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5801_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3072090","volume":"3","author":"A Wahab","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahab A (2010) Difficulties in treatment and management of epilepsy and challenges in new drug development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 3(7):2090\u20132110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph3072090","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"5801_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00167","volume":"10","author":"CS Jacobs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacobs CS, Willment KC, Sarkis RA (2019) Non-invasive cognitive enhancement in epilepsy. Front Neurol 10:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00167","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"5801_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/795259","volume":"2012","author":"CC Aguiar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguiar CC, Almeida AB, Ara\u00fajo PV et al (2012) Oxidative stress and epilepsy: literature review. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:795259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/795259","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"5801_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.976953","volume":"10","author":"T Fabisiak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fabisiak T, Patel M (2022) Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:976953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.976953","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5801_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1505867","volume":"15","author":"D Ji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ji D, Mylvaganam S, Ravi Chander P et al (2025) Mitochondria and oxidative stress in epilepsy: advances in antioxidant therapy. Front Pharmacol 15:1505867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1505867","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5801_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160720120326","volume":"15","author":"MM Batista-Filho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Batista-Filho MM, Kandratavicius L, Nunes EA et al (2016) Role of methylene blue in trauma neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 15(8):976\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527315666160720120326","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"5801_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.907758","volume":"24","author":"ZQ Cui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cui ZQ, Li WL, Luo Y et al (2018) Methylene blue exerts anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects on self-sustaining status epilepticus (SSSE) induced by prolonged basolateral amygdala stimulation in Wistar rats. Med Sci Monit 24:161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/msm.907758","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"5801_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-019-03060-4","volume":"29","author":"OM Abdel-Salam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Salam OM, Sleem AA, Sayed MA et al (2020) Methylene blue protects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, oxidative stress, and neuronal injury. Comp Clin Pathol 29:341\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00580-019-03060-4","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5801_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu080","volume":"23","author":"C Stack","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stack C, Jainuddin S, Elipenahli C et al (2014) Methylene blue upregulates Nrf2\/ARE genes and prevents tau-related neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 23(14):3716\u20133732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddu080","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"5801_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0712-2","volume":"55","author":"D Tucker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tucker D, Lu Y, Zhang Q (2018) From mitochondrial function to neuroprotection-an emerging role for methylene blue. Mol Neurobiol 55(6):5137\u20135153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0712-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5801_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148290","volume":"1805","author":"EV Stelmashook","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stelmashook EV, Voronkov DN, Stavrovskaya AV et al (2023) Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue in streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain Res 1805:148290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148290","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5801_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56573","volume":"136","author":"T Shimada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shimada T, Yamagata K (2018) Pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model. J Vis Exp 136:56573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/56573","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"5801_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.933469","volume":"27","author":"YF Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang YF, Luo Y, Hou GL et al (2021) Pretreatment with methylene blue protects against acute seizure and oxidative stress in a kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model. Med Sci Monit 27:e933469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.933469","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"5801_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.09.005","volume":"98","author":"A L\u00fcttjohann","year":"2009","unstructured":"L\u00fcttjohann A, Fabene PF, van Luijtelaar G (2009) A revised Racine\u2019s scale for PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Physiol Behav 98(5):579\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.09.005","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"5801_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00200","volume":"8","author":"JC Morales","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morales JC, Alvarez-Ferradas C, Roncagliolo M et al (2014) A new rapid kindling variant for induction of cortical epileptogenesis in freely moving rats. Front Cell Neurosci 8:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2014.00200","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5801_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.993483","volume":"13","author":"R Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu R, Zhang L, Wang H, Li M, Feng W, Zheng X (2023) Echinacoside exerts antidepressant-like effects through enhancing BDNF-CREB pathway and inhibiting neuroinflammation via regulating microglia M1\/M2 polarization and JAK1\/STAT3 pathway. Front Pharmacol 13:993483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.993483","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5801_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.21-0120","volume":"71","author":"MZ Othman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Othman MZ, Hassan Z, Che Has AT (2022) Morris water maze: a versatile and pertinent tool for assessing spatial learning and memory. Exp Anim 71(3):264\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1538\/expanim.21-0120","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"issue":"2","key":"5801_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95(2):351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5801_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","volume":"82","author":"GL Ellman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ellman GL (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 82(1):70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"4","key":"5801_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.4.8876","volume":"2","author":"IM Santos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Santos IM, Tom\u00e9 Ada R, Saldanha GB et al (2009) Oxidative stress in the hippocampus during experimental seizures can be ameliorated with the antioxidant ascorbic acid. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2(4):214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/oxim.2.4.8876","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"5801_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.03.025","volume":"59","author":"EJ Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Chung YH et al (2011) Role of oxidative stress in epileptic seizures. Neurochem Int 59(2):122\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.03.025","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5801_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01635.x","volume":"49","author":"B Hattiangady","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hattiangady B, Shetty AK (2008) Implications of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 49(5):26\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01635.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"5801_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh475","volume":"128","author":"M Thom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thom M, Zhou J, Martinian L et al (2005) Quantitative post-mortem study of the hippocampus in chronic epilepsy: seizures do not inevitably cause neuronal loss. Brain 128(6):1344\u20131357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh475","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5801_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7606","volume":"6","author":"KO Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho KO, Lybrand ZR, Ito N et al (2015) Aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to epilepsy and associated cognitive decline. Nat Commun 6:6606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms7606","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"5801_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-025-02365-0","volume":"75","author":"Q Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Q, Geng Y, Li X et al (2025) The progress of cognitive dysfunction impairment caused by temporal lobe epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 75(3):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-025-02365-0","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T14:47:56Z","timestamp":1773499676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05801-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering (Approval No.: IACUC-Hebeu-2025\u20130017).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"500"}}