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However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding its dose-dependent effects, particularly in its influence on cellular recovery following neural damage. To address this, we utilized retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, as an in vitro neural model, where we induced neural damage using hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), followed by recovery in either a physiological or high dose of VitB12. Our findings reveal that a physiological dose of VitB12 promotes more efficient recovery by enhancing cell survival and promoting neurite elongation after H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    insult, compared to a high dose. Recovery with a physiological dose of VitB12 was associated with an early-stage (2\u00a0h) activation of antioxidant defenses, suggesting a quicker cellular response to oxidative stress than the high dose. At later stages (24\u00a0h), recovery with a physiological dose of VitB12 enhances mitochondrial metabolic activity and morphodynamics, alongside promoting lipid remodeling and increased formation of lipid droplets (LDs). These lipid-related processes may collectively contribute to mitigating oxidative damage and reinforcing cellular resilience during recovery. Overall, our study highlights that a physiological dose of VitB12 not only activates antioxidant defenses earlier than the high dose but also induces later-stage lipid remodeling, potentially supporting neural recovery and homeostasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05841-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:23:29Z","timestamp":1776407009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Less Is More: A Physiological Dose of Vitamin B12 Enhances Neural Recovery Compared to a High Dose in an H\u2082O\u2082-Stressed SH-SY5Y Neural-Like Cell Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee 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