{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:17:20Z","timestamp":1778512640617,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:32:57Z","timestamp":1778506377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosomes in Amyloid Propagation\u2014Roles in Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Ribhav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2272-7_3","volume":"1266","author":"NJ Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang NJ, Hinner MJ (2015) Getting across the cell membrane: an overview for small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Methods Mol Biol 1266:29\u201353","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR2","unstructured":"Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J et al (2002) The molecular mechanisms of membrane transport and the maintenance of compartmental diversity.\u00a0Molecular Biology of the cell. 4th edition"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17524-1","volume":"12","author":"L Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan L (2022) Structure and mechanism of membrane transporters. Sci Rep 12(1):13248","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10158-018-0221-7","volume":"19","author":"AS Pivovarov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pivovarov AS, Calahorro F, Walker RJ (2018) Na+\/K+-pump and neurotransmitter membrane receptors. Invertebr Neurosci 19(1):1","journal-title":"Invertebr Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2023.18","volume":"4","author":"G Raposo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raposo G, Stahl PD (2023) Extracellular vesicles - on the cusp of a new language in the biological sciences. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids 4(2):240\u2013254","journal-title":"Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids"},{"key":"5913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12060552","author":"MA Ortega","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ortega, M.A., et al., An Updated View of the Importance of Vesicular Trafficking and Transport and Their Role in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Membranes (Basel), 2022. 12(6).","journal-title":"Membranes (Basel)"},{"key":"5913_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.105307","volume":"20","author":"MC Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee MC et al (2004) Bi-directional protein transport between the ER and Golgi. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:87\u2013123","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9020273","author":"ZH Kwok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwok, Z.H., C. Wang, and Y. Jin, Extracellular Vesicle Transportation and Uptake by Recipient Cells: A Critical Process to Regulate Human Diseases. Processes (Basel), 2021. 9(2).","journal-title":"Processes (Basel)"},{"key":"5913_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112579","volume":"134","author":"ANL Kavya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kavya ANL, Subramanian S, Ramakrishna S (2022) Therapeutic applications of exosomes in various diseases: a review. Biomater Adv 134:112579","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"issue":"18","key":"5913_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186818","volume":"21","author":"NM Beeraka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beeraka NM et al (2020) The role of exosomes in stemness and neurodegenerative diseases\u2014chemoresistant-cancer therapeutics and phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 21(18):6818","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-021-01338-2","volume":"44","author":"S Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang S, Yang YM (2021) Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in non-malignant liver diseases. Arch Pharm Res 44(6):574\u2013587","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"5913_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karabay AZ et al\u00a0 (2025) Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosomes: immunomodulation, anticancer, anti-aging, anti-melanogenesis, detoxification, and drug delivery. Biomolecules 15(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030394"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070727","volume":"8","author":"LM Doyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doyle LM, Wang MZ (2019) Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis. Cells 8(7):727","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212113","volume":"200","author":"CV Harding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harding CV, Heuser JE, Stahl PD (2013) Exosomes: looking back three decades and into the future. J Cell Biol 200(4):367\u2013371","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"19","key":"5913_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48095-7","volume":"262","author":"RM Johnstone","year":"1987","unstructured":"Johnstone RM et al (1987) Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes). J Biol Chem 262(19):9412\u20139420","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535750","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","volume":"7","author":"C Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Th\u00e9ry C et al (2018) Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 7(1):1535750","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"5913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326","volume":"30","author":"M Colombo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colombo M, Raposo G, Th\u00e9ry C (2014) Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 30:255\u2013289","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tschuschke M et al (2020)\u00a0Inclusion biogenesis, methods of isolation and clinical application of human cellular exosomes. J Clin Med 9(2)","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020436"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12050498","volume":"12","author":"S Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie S, Zhang Q, Jiang L (2022) Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis, cargo-sorting mechanism and therapeutic implications. Membranes 12(5):498","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.53671","volume":"17","author":"H Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei H et al (2021) Regulation of exosome production and cargo sorting. Int J Biol Sci 17(1):163\u2013177","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021337","volume":"24","author":"SV Krylova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krylova SV, Feng D (2023) The machinery of exosomes: biogenesis, release, and uptake. Int J Mol Sci 24(2):1337","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072576","volume":"21","author":"S Buratta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buratta S et al (2020) Lysosomal exocytosis, exosome release and secretory autophagy: The autophagic- and endo-lysosomal systems go extracellular. Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2576","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123319","volume":"23","author":"RC Piper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piper RC, Katzmann DJ (2007) Biogenesis and function of multivesicular bodies. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 23:519\u2013547","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.125","volume":"19","author":"G van Niel","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Niel G, D\u2019Angelo G, Raposo G (2018) Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19(4):213\u2013228","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju Y et al (2021) The role of exosome and the ESCRT pathway on enveloped virus infection. Int J Mol Sci 22(16)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169060"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010255","volume":"25","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y et al (2024) The regulation of exosome generation and function in physiological and pathological processes. Int J Mol Sci 25(1):255","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.586880","volume":"8","author":"P Horv\u00e1th","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th P, M\u00fcller-Reichert T (2020) A structural view on ESCRT-mediated abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:586880","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0177-4","volume":"21","author":"M Vietri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vietri M, Radulovic M, Stenmark H (2020) The many functions of ESCRTs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21(1):25\u201342","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.08.013","volume":"15","author":"D Teis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teis D, Saksena S, Emr SD (2008) Ordered assembly of the ESCRT-III complex on endosomes is required to sequester cargo during MVB formation. Dev Cell 15(4):578\u2013589","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"5913_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12548","volume":"4","author":"S Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang S et al (2015) Structural basis for activation, assembly and membrane binding of ESCRT-III Snf7 filaments. Elife 4:e12548","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.028","volume":"22","author":"O Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt O, Teis D (2012) The ESCRT machinery. Curr Biol 22(4):R116\u2013R120","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2022.01.007","volume":"75","author":"SM Migliano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migliano SM, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H (2022) Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of ESCRT functions, and their implications for disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 75:102062","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb815","volume":"4","author":"PS Bilodeau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bilodeau PS et al (2002) The Vps27p\u2013Hse1p complex binds ubiquitin and mediates endosomal protein sorting. Nat Cell Biol 4(7):534\u2013539","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00434-2","volume":"106","author":"DJ Katzmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Katzmann DJ, Babst M, Emr SD (2001) Ubiquitin-dependent sorting into the multivesicular body pathway requires the function of a conserved endosomal protein sorting complex, ESCRT-I. Cell 106(2):145\u2013155","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00219-8","volume":"3","author":"M Babst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Babst M et al (2002) Endosome-associated complex, ESCRT-II, recruits transport machinery for protein sorting at the multivesicular body. Developmental cell 3(2):283\u2013289","journal-title":"Developmental cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00220-4","volume":"3","author":"M Babst","year":"2002","unstructured":"Babst M et al (2002) Escrt-III: an endosome-associated heterooligomeric protein complex required for mvb sorting. Dev Cell 3(2):271\u2013282","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"5913_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600","volume":"34","author":"J McCullough","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCullough J, Frost A, Sundquist WI (2018) Structures, functions, and dynamics of ESCRT-III\/Vps4 membrane remodeling and fission complexes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 34:85\u2013109","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"46","key":"5913_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35428","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.126318","volume":"285","author":"SA Merrill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merrill SA, Hanson PI (2010) Activation of human VPS4A by ESCRT-III proteins reveals ability of substrates to relieve enzyme autoinhibition. J Biol Chem 285(46):35428\u201335438","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2010.04.014","volume":"18","author":"D Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang D, Hurley JH (2010) Structural role of the Vps4-Vta1 interface in ESCRT-III recycling. Structure 18(8):976\u2013984","journal-title":"Structure"},{"issue":"12","key":"5913_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2008.00820.x","volume":"9","author":"PP Luyet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luyet PP et al (2008) The ESCRT-I subunit TSG101 controls endosome-to-cytosol release of viral RNA. Traffic 9(12):2279\u20132290","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201507009","volume":"212","author":"L Christ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christ L et al (2016) ALIX and ESCRT-I\/II function as parallel ESCRT-III recruiters in cytokinetic abscission. J Cell Biol 212(5):499\u2013513","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3069-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"AL Mahul-Mellier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mahul-Mellier AL et al (2006) Alix, making a link between apoptosis-linked gene-2, the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport, and neuronal death in vivo. J Neurosci 26(2):542\u2013549","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521230113","volume":"113","author":"J Kowal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kowal J et al (2016) Proteomic comparison defines novel markers to characterize heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicle subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(8):E968\u2013E977","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"13","key":"5913_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-03-0871","volume":"102","author":"A De Gassart","year":"2003","unstructured":"De Gassart A et al (2003) Lipid raft-associated protein sorting in exosomes. Blood 102(13):4336\u20134344","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00934-8","volume":"24","author":"SB Arya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arya SB et al (2022) Ceramide-rich microdomains facilitate nuclear envelope budding for non-conventional exosome formation. Nat Cell Biol 24(7):1019\u20131028","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5867","key":"5913_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153124","volume":"319","author":"K Trajkovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trajkovic K et al (2008) Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes. Science 319(5867):1244\u20131247","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5913_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27066","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066","volume":"4","author":"M Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-M\u00f3","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-M\u00f3 M et al (2015) Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. J Extracell Vesicles 4:27066","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2567","volume":"9","author":"C Th\u00e9ry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Th\u00e9ry C, Ostrowski M, Segura E (2009) Membrane vesicles as conveyors of immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 9(8):581\u2013593","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5913_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-86","volume":"9","author":"S Keller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keller S et al (2011) Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics. J Transl Med 9:86","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"5913_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-9","volume":"9","author":"C L\u00e4sser","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00e4sser C et al (2011) Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages. J Transl Med 9:9","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05835-8","volume":"14","author":"R Chakraborty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chakraborty R et al (2023) Tunnelling nanotubes between neuronal and microglial cells allow bi-directional transfer of \u03b1-Synuclein and mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 14(5):329","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2021.1982349","volume":"10","author":"S Talukdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talukdar S et al (2022) GAP junctions: multifaceted regulators of neuronal differentiation. Tissue Barriers 10(1):1982349","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"5913_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B, Dudko OK (2021)\u00a0A theory of synaptic transmission. Elife 1. 10","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73585"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"5913_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.083279","volume":"125","author":"S Abounit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abounit S, Zurzolo C (2012) Wiring through tunneling nanotubes--from electrical signals to organelle transfer. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 5):1089\u20131098","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112063","volume":"42","author":"A Antoniou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antoniou A et al (2023) Neuronal extracellular vesicles and associated microRNAs induce circuit connectivity downstream BDNF. Cell Rep 42(2):112063","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"5913_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.131","volume":"10","author":"RN Besingi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Besingi RN, Clark PL (2015) Extracellular protease digestion to evaluate membrane protein cell surface localization. Nat Protoc 10(12):2074\u20132080","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22405","volume":"77","author":"J Mathews","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathews J, Levin M (2017) Gap junctional signaling in pattern regulation: physiological network connectivity instructs growth and form. Dev Neurobiol 77(5):643\u2013673","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"5913_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1289874","volume":"17","author":"J Lamanna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lamanna J, Ferro M, Cocucci E (2023) Editorial: recent advances in measuring and controlling synaptic communication. Front Cell Neurosci 17:1289874","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70169","volume":"14","author":"F Colombo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Colombo F et al (2025) Exploring the spatial limits of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication. J Extracell Vesicles 14(11):e70169","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.043","volume":"164","author":"M Tkach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tkach M, Th\u00e9ry C (2016) Communication by extracellular vesicles: where we are and where we need to go. Cell 164(6):1226\u20131232","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0250-9","volume":"21","author":"M Mathieu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathieu M et al (2019) Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication. Nat Cell Biol 21(1):9\u201317","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotarba S et al (2024)\u00a0Potential mechanisms of tunneling nanotube formation and their role in pathology spread in Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 25(19)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910797"},{"issue":"12","key":"5913_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166246","volume":"1867","author":"A Dilna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilna A et al (2021) Amyloid-\u03b2 induced membrane damage instigates tunneling nanotube-like conduits by p21-activated kinase dependent actin remodulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1867(12):166246","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"49","key":"5913_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11835","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0983-17.2017","volume":"37","author":"J Rostami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rostami J et al (2017) Human astrocytes transfer aggregated alpha-synuclein via tunneling nanotubes. J Neurosci 37(49):11835\u201311853","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01131-8","volume":"9","author":"N Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira N et al (2021) Trans-synaptic spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology through sensory afferents leads to sensory nerve degeneration and neuropathic pain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 9(1):31","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/548380","volume":"2011","author":"AY Lai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lai AY, McLaurin J (2011) Mechanisms of Amyloid-Beta peptide uptake by neurons: the role of lipid rafts and lipid raft-associated proteins. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011(1):548380","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-025-01837-z","volume":"9","author":"Q Peter","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peter Q et al (2026) Oligomers mediate the spatial transmission of A\u03b2 peptide aggregation. Commun Chem 9(1):35","journal-title":"Commun Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01345-5","volume":"43","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou W et al (2023) Bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs: the role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43(6):2675\u20132696","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v3.24722","volume":"3","author":"M Chivet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chivet M et al (2014) Exosomes secreted by cortical neurons upon glutamatergic synapse activation specifically interact with neurons. J Extracell Vesicles 3(1):24722","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0418-3","volume":"17","author":"Y Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma Y et al (2019) Exosomes released from neural progenitor cells and induced neural progenitor cells regulate neurogenesis through miR-21a. Cell Commun Signal 17(1):96","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020626","volume":"26","author":"RK Yashooa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yashooa RK et al (2025) Mitochondrial microRNAs: Key drivers in unraveling neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci 26(2):626","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humgen.2022.201129","volume":"34","author":"RK Yashooa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yashooa RK, Nabi AQ (2022) The miR-146a-5p and miR-125b-5p levels as biomarkers for early prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Gene Ther 34:201129","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"5913_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2022.68.9.2","volume":"68","author":"RK Yashooa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yashooa RK, Nabi AQ (2022) Telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component gene expression as a novel biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 68(9):14\u201320","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146353","volume":"11","author":"L Stevanato","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevanato L et al (2016) Investigation of content, stoichiometry and transfer of miRNA from human neural stem cell line derived exosomes. PLoS ONE 11(1):e0146353","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7665","key":"5913_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23282","volume":"548","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2017) Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs. Nature 548(7665):52\u201357","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30153","DOI":"10.34172\/bi.2023.30153","volume":"14","author":"N Akbari-Gharalari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akbari-Gharalari N et al (2024) Exosomes in neuron-glia communication: a review on neurodegeneration. Bioimpacts 14(5):30153","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020927","volume":"24","author":"L Noori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Noori L et al (2023) Contribution of extracellular vesicles and molecular chaperones in age-related neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 24(2):927","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1187300","volume":"16","author":"D Nieves Torres","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nieves Torres D, Lee SH (2023) Inter-neuronal signaling mediated by small extracellular vesicles: Wireless communication? Front Mol Neurosci 16:1187300","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001604","volume":"11","author":"C Fr\u00fchbeis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fr\u00fchbeis C et al (2013) Neurotransmitter-triggered transfer of exosomes mediates oligodendrocyte\u2013neuron communication. PLoS Biol 11(7):e1001604","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00119","volume":"3","author":"C Fr\u00fchbeis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fr\u00fchbeis C, Fr\u00f6hlich D, Kr\u00e4mer-Albers E-M (2012) Emerging roles of exosomes in neuron\u2013glia communication. Front Physiol 3:119","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5913_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00205","volume":"3","author":"MA Lopez-Verrilli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lopez-Verrilli MA, Court FA (2012) Transfer of vesicles from Schwann cells to axons: a novel mechanism of communication in the peripheral nervous system. Front Physiol 3:205","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0432","volume":"69","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L et al (2020) Exosomes derived from Schwann cells ameliorate peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetes 69(4):749\u2013759","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"5913_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0616-z","volume":"68","author":"E-M Kr\u00e4mer-Albers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer-Albers E-M, White R (2011) From axon\u2013glial signalling to myelination: the integrating role of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase. Cell Mol Life Sci 68:2003\u20132012","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.190009","volume":"286","author":"M Bakhti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakhti M, Winter C, Simons M (2011) Inhibition of myelin membrane sheath formation by oligodendrocyte-derived exosome-like vesicles. J Biol Chem 286(1):787\u2013796","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"5913_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390961","volume":"19","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu H et al (2024) The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types. Neural Regen Res 19(9):1947\u20131953","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"5913_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7275","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6476-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"S Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang S et al (2011) Synapsin I is an oligomannose-carrying glycoprotein, acts as an oligomannose-binding lectin, and promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival when released via glia-derived exosomes. J Neurosci 31(20):7275\u20137290","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5913_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01452","volume":"10","author":"A Venturini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venturini A et al (2019) Exosomes from astrocyte processes: signaling to neurons. Front Pharmacol 10:1452","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22963","volume":"64","author":"K Guitart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guitart K et al (2016) Improvement of neuronal cell survival by astrocyte-derived exosomes under hypoxic and ischemic conditions depends on prion protein. Glia 64(6):896\u2013910","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"10","key":"5913_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7105","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.410944","volume":"288","author":"L Morel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morel L et al (2013) Neuronal exosomal miRNA-dependent translational regulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT1. J Biol Chem 288(10):7105\u20137116","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1803-x","volume":"135","author":"I Prada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prada I et al (2018) Glia-to-neuron transfer of miRNAs via extracellular vesicles: a new mechanism underlying inflammation-induced synaptic alterations. Acta Neuropathol 135(4):529\u2013550","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07989","volume":"5","author":"I Bahrini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bahrini I et al (2015) Neuronal exosomes facilitate synaptic pruning by up-regulating complement factors in microglia. Sci Rep 5(1):7989","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.489","volume":"31","author":"F Antonucci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonucci F et al (2012) Microvesicles released from microglia stimulate synaptic activity via enhanced sphingolipid metabolism. EMBO J 31(5):1231\u20131240","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200700522","volume":"1","author":"EM Kr\u00e4mer-Albers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer-Albers EM et al (2007) Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes containing major myelin and stress-protective proteins: trophic support for axons? Proteomics Clin Appl 1(11):1446\u201361","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"key":"5913_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00035","volume":"8","author":"A Alizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S (2015) Myelin damage and repair in pathologic CNS: challenges and prospects. Front Mol Neurosci 8:35","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"5913_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.074088","volume":"124","author":"D Fitzner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fitzner D et al (2011) Selective transfer of exosomes from oligodendrocytes to microglia by macropinocytosis. J Cell Sci 124(Pt 3):447\u201358","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6hlich D et al (2014)\u00a0Multifaceted effects of oligodendroglial exosomes on neurons: impact on neuronal firing rate, signal transduction and gene regulation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369(1652)","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0510"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1120-x","volume":"15","author":"B Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu B et al (2018) Glutaminase 1 regulates the release of extracellular vesicles during neuroinflammation through key metabolic intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate. J Neuroinflammation 15(1):79","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5913_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0514-4","volume":"6","author":"JC Polanco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polanco JC et al (2018) Exosomes taken up by neurons hijack the endosomal pathway to spread to interconnected neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 6:1\u201314","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.051","volume":"139","author":"C Korkut","year":"2009","unstructured":"Korkut C et al (2009) Trans-synaptic transmission of vesicular Wnt signals through Evi\/Wntless. Cell 139(2):393\u2013404","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"5913_CR100","first-page":"1966","volume":"127","author":"CA Escudero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Escudero CA et al (2014) The p75 neurotrophin receptor evades the endolysosomal route in neuronal cells, favouring multivesicular bodies specialised for exosomal release. J Cell Sci 127(Pt 9):1966\u20131979","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201601085","volume":"214","author":"J Gong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gong J et al (2016) Exosomes mediate cell contact-independent ephrin-Eph signaling during axon guidance. J Cell Biol 214(1):35\u201344","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05858-2","volume":"9","author":"SH Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SH et al (2018) Reciprocal control of excitatory synapse numbers by Wnt and Wnt inhibitor PRR7 secreted on exosomes. Nat Commun 9(1):3434","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"32","key":"5913_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16086","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902513116","volume":"116","author":"P Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma P et al (2019) Exosomes regulate neurogenesis and circuit assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(32):16086\u201316094","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.01.007","volume":"109","author":"AA Vilcaes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vilcaes AA, Chanaday NL, Kavalali ET (2021) Interneuronal exchange and functional integration of synaptobrevin via extracellular vesicles. Neuron 109(6):971-983.e5","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2010.11.004","volume":"46","author":"G Lachenal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lachenal G et al (2011) Release of exosomes from differentiated neurons and its regulation by synaptic glutamatergic activity. Mol Cell Neurosci 46(2):409\u2013418","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11534-w","volume":"10","author":"Y Men","year":"2019","unstructured":"Men Y et al (2019) Exosome reporter mice reveal the involvement of exosomes in mediating neuron to astroglia communication in the CNS. Nat Commun 10(1):4136","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.12.003","volume":"31","author":"J Faur\u00e9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faur\u00e9 J et al (2006) Exosomes are released by cultured cortical neurones. Mol Cell Neurosci 31(4):642\u20138","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"25","key":"5913_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18197","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609475200","volume":"282","author":"V Vingtdeux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vingtdeux V et al (2007) Alkalizing drugs induce accumulation of amyloid precursor protein by-products in luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. J Biol Chem 282(25):18197\u201318205","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"5913_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9195","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku594","volume":"42","author":"BJ Goldie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldie BJ et al (2014) Activity-associated miRNA are packaged in Map1b-enriched exosomes released from depolarized neurons. Nucleic Acids Res 42(14):9195\u20139208","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"47","key":"5913_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32621","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M804120200","volume":"283","author":"U Putz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Putz U et al (2008) Nedd4 family-interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) is required for the exosomal secretion of Nedd4 family proteins. J Biol Chem 283(47):32621\u201332627","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.013","volume":"77","author":"C Korkut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korkut C et al (2013) Regulation of postsynaptic retrograde signaling by presynaptic exosome release. Neuron 77(6):1039\u20131046","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.017","volume":"86","author":"R Tycko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tycko R (2015) Amyloid polymorphism: structural basis and neurobiological relevance. Neuron 86(3):632\u2013645","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5913_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3233(08)60320-4","volume":"50","author":"M Sunde","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sunde M, Blake C (1997) The structure of amyloid fibrils by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Adv Protein Chem 50:123\u2013159","journal-title":"Adv Protein Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/16.11.673","volume":"16","author":"ED Eanes","year":"1968","unstructured":"Eanes ED, Glenner GG (1968) X-ray diffraction studies on amyloid filaments. J Histochem Cytochem 16(11):673\u2013677","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/13.8.693","volume":"13","author":"H Puchtler","year":"1965","unstructured":"Puchtler H, Sweat F (1965) Congo red as a stain for fluorescence microscopy of amyloid. J Histochem Cytochem 13(8):693\u2013694","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1998.2933","volume":"266","author":"WE Klunk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klunk WE, Jacob RF, Mason RP (1999) Quantifying amyloid \u03b2-peptide (A\u03b2) aggregation using the Congo Red-A\u03b2 (CR\u2013A\u03b2) spectrophotometric assay. Anal Biochem 266(1):66\u201376","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2006.03.015","volume":"353","author":"R Eisert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eisert R, Felau L, Brown LR (2006) Methods for enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of Congo red and Thioflavin T assays. Anal Biochem 353(1):144\u2013146","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"5618","key":"5913_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079469","volume":"300","author":"R Kayed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kayed R et al (2003) Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300(5618):486\u2013489","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2007.01.007","volume":"17","author":"R Kodali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kodali R, Wetzel R (2007) Polymorphism in the intermediates and products of amyloid assembly. Curr Opin Struct Biol 17(1):48\u201357","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"5913_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2005.05025.x","volume":"272","author":"OS Makin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Makin OS, Serpell LC (2005) Structures for amyloid fibrils. FEBS J 272(23):5950\u20135961","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"5913_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koike H, Katsuno M (2021)\u00a0The ultrastructure of tissue damage by amyloid fibrils. Molecules 26(15)","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154611"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4161\/pri.2.3.7488","volume":"2","author":"RN Rambaran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rambaran RN, Serpell LC (2008) Amyloid fibrils: abnormal protein assembly. Prion 2(3):112\u2013117","journal-title":"Prion"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2024.100089","volume":"47","author":"E Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee E, Park H, Kim S (2024) Transcellular transmission and molecular heterogeneity of aggregation-prone proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Cells 47(8):100089","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"5913_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.113","volume":"181","author":"C Wells","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wells C et al (2021) The role of amyloid oligomers in neurodegenerative pathologies. Int J Biol Macromol 181:582\u2013604","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.1125","volume":"93","author":"A Lomakin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lomakin A et al (1996) On the nucleation and growth of amyloid beta-protein fibrils: detection of nuclei and quantitation of rate constants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(3):1125\u20139","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"26","key":"5913_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8926","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711664105","volume":"105","author":"WF Xue","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xue WF, Homans SW, Radford SE (2008) Systematic analysis of nucleation-dependent polymerization reveals new insights into the mechanism of amyloid self-assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(26):8926\u20138931","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-017-0289-z","volume":"9","author":"S Linse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linse S (2017) Monomer-dependent secondary nucleation in amyloid formation. Biophys Rev 9(4):329\u2013338","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"issue":"7465","key":"5913_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12481","volume":"501","author":"M Jucker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jucker M, Walker LC (2013) Self-propagation of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 501(7465):45\u201351","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3457","volume":"20","author":"JL Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo JL, Lee VM (2014) Cell-to-cell transmission of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Med 20(2):130\u2013138","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"5913_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13363","volume":"95","author":"SB Prusiner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prusiner SB (1998) Prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(23):13363\u201313383","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5913_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koshy SM, Kincaid AE, Bartz JC (2022)\u00a0Transport of prions in the peripheral nervous system: Pathways, cell types, and mechanisms. Viruses 14(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030630"},{"issue":"19","key":"5913_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9320","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.19.9320-9327.2001","volume":"75","author":"PA McBride","year":"2001","unstructured":"McBride PA et al (2001) Early spread of scrapie from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system involves autonomic fibers of the splanchnic and vagus nerves. J Virol 75(19):9320\u20139327","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"5913_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81999-0","volume":"87","author":"KA Fox","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fox KA et al (2006) Patterns of PrPCWD accumulation during the course of chronic wasting disease infection in orally inoculated mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). J Gen Virol 87(Pt 11):3451\u20133461","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.05.001","volume":"181","author":"M Kaatz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaatz M et al (2012) Spread of classic BSE prions from the gut via the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Am J Pathol 181(2):515\u2013524","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5845","key":"5913_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/295149a0","volume":"295","author":"H Fraser","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fraser H (1982) Neuronal spread of scrapie agent and targeting of lesions within the retino-tectal pathway. Nature 295(5845):149\u2013150","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"5913_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-976","volume":"7","author":"FL Heppner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heppner FL et al (2001) Transepithelial prion transport by M cells. Nat Med 7(9):976\u2013977","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.68","volume":"5","author":"DS Donaldson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Donaldson DS et al (2012) M cell-depletion blocks oral prion disease pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 5(2):216\u2013225","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1086\/595791","volume":"199","author":"CJ Sigurdson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sigurdson CJ et al (2009) Bacterial colitis increases susceptibility to oral prion disease. J Infect Dis 199(2):243\u201352","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1841","volume":"11","author":"K Gousset","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gousset K et al (2009) Prions hijack tunnelling nanotubes for intercellular spread. Nat Cell Biol 11(3):328\u201336","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1735-8","volume":"72","author":"ZE Arellano-Anaya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arellano-Anaya ZE et al (2015) Prion strains are differentially released through the exosomal pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 72(6):1185\u20131196","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02324-0","volume":"142","author":"S Dutta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutta S et al (2021) \u03b1-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson\u2019s disease from multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol 142(3):495\u2013511","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1314-y","volume":"128","author":"M Shi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shi M et al (2014) Plasma exosomal \u03b1-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol 128(5):639\u2013650","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"7794","key":"5913_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1984-7","volume":"578","author":"M Shahnawaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahnawaz M et al (2020) Discriminating \u03b1-synuclein strains in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy. Nature 578(7794):273\u2013277","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1746","volume":"14","author":"J-Y Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li J-Y et al (2008) Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation. Nat Med 14(5):501\u2013503","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1747","volume":"14","author":"JH Kordower","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kordower JH et al (2008) Lewy body\u2013like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Med 14(5):504\u2013506","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"31","key":"5913_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13010","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903691106","volume":"106","author":"P Desplats","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desplats P et al (2009) Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of \u03b1-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(31):13010\u201313015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43366","volume":"121","author":"C Hansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hansen C et al (2011) \u03b1-Synuclein propagates from mouse brain to grafted dopaminergic neurons and seeds aggregation in cultured human cells. J Clin Investig 121(2):715\u2013725","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112457","volume":"209","author":"KC Luk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luk KC et al (2012) Intracerebral inoculation of pathological \u03b1-synuclein initiates a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative \u03b1-synucleinopathy in mice. J Exp Med 209(5):975\u2013986","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0865-5","volume":"7","author":"S Elfarrash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elfarrash S et al (2019) Organotypic slice culture model demonstrates inter-neuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein aggregates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7(1):213","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12252","volume":"25","author":"L Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye L et al (2015) Progression of seed-induced A\u03b2 deposition within the limbic connectome. Brain Pathol 25(6):743\u2013752","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00059-1","volume":"23","author":"LC Walker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walker LC et al (2002) Exogenous induction of cerebral beta-amyloidosis in betaAPP-transgenic mice. Peptides 23(7):1241\u20131247","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1901","volume":"11","author":"F Clavaguera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clavaguera F et al (2009) Transmission and spreading of tauopathy in transgenic mouse brain. Nat Cell Biol 11(7):909\u2013913","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00700","volume":"2","author":"CA Lasagna-Reeves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lasagna-Reeves CA et al (2012) Alzheimer brain-derived tau oligomers propagate pathology from endogenous tau. Sci Rep 2:700","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.277061","volume":"287","author":"S Saman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saman S et al (2012) Exosome-associated tau is secreted in tauopathy models and is selectively phosphorylated in cerebrospinal fluid in early Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 287(6):3842\u20133849","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"5913_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100760","volume":"9","author":"S Dujardin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dujardin S et al (2014) Ectosomes: a new mechanism for non-exosomal secretion of tau protein. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100760","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0386-4","volume":"4","author":"M Tardivel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tardivel M et al (2016) Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-mediated neuron-to neuron transfer of pathological Tau protein assemblies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 4(1):117","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9357com","volume":"22","author":"RA Sharples","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharples RA et al (2008) Inhibition of gamma-secretase causes increased secretion of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments in association with exosomes. Faseb j 22(5):1469\u20131478","journal-title":"Faseb j"},{"issue":"48","key":"5913_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911281106","volume":"106","author":"X Hu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hu X et al (2009) Amyloid seeds formed by cellular uptake, concentration, and aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(48):20324\u201320329","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR159","first-page":"12509","volume":"13","author":"K Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang K et al (2021) Intercellular transport of Tau protein and \u03b2-amyloid mediated by tunneling nanotubes. Am J Transl Res 13(11):12509\u201312522","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/biologics4040023","volume":"4","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Upadhyay A (2024) Vesicular transport and amyloids: the growing relationship. Biologics 4(4):376\u2013389","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24174","volume":"76","author":"F Cicchetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicchetti F et al (2014) Mutant huntingtin is present in neuronal grafts in Huntington disease patients. Ann Neurol 76(1):31\u201342","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"39","key":"5913_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5427","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516217112","volume":"112","author":"DT Babcock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Babcock DT, Ganetzky B (2015) Transcellular spreading of huntingtin aggregates in the Drosophila brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(39):E5427\u2013E5433","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1582-9","volume":"132","author":"I Jeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeon I et al (2016) Human-to-mouse prion-like propagation of mutant huntingtin protein. Acta Neuropathol 132(4):577\u2013592","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-220548","volume":"11","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Subramaniam S (2022) Striatal induction and spread of the Huntington\u2019s disease protein: a novel Rhes route. J Huntingtons Dis 11(3):281\u2013290","journal-title":"J Huntingtons Dis"},{"key":"5913_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang BL (2018) Unconventional Secretion and Intercellular Transfer of Mutant Huntingtin. Cells 7(6)","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7060059"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2025.2520983","volume":"48","author":"SW Smail","year":"2026","unstructured":"Smail SW et al (2026) Kenpaullone attenuates amyloid-beta deposition and neuroinflammation, improving memory in a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurol Res 48(1):82\u201395","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"2026","key":"5913_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1737468","volume":"16","author":"RK Yashooa","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yashooa RK et al (2026) CRISPR\u2013Cas technologies in neurodegenerative disorders: mechanistic insights, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges. Front Neurol 16(2026):1737468","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"30","key":"5913_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603838103","volume":"103","author":"L Rajendran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rajendran L et al (2006) Alzheimer\u2019s disease beta-amyloid peptides are released in association with exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(30):11172\u201311177","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5913_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00012","volume":"9","author":"T Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng T et al (2017) Plasma exosomes spread and cluster around \u03b2-amyloid plaques in an animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 9:12","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2664-0","volume":"75","author":"K Laulagnier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laulagnier K et al (2018) Amyloid precursor protein products concentrate in a subset of exosomes specifically endocytosed by neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 75(4):757\u2013773","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"5913_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Q et al (2021) Implications of exosomes derived from cholesterol-accumulated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Dis Model Mech 14(10)","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.048929"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4132","volume":"18","author":"H Asai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asai H et al (2015) Depletion of microglia and inhibition of exosome synthesis halt tau propagation. Nat Neurosci 18(11):1584\u201393","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"5913_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10977","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.324616","volume":"287","author":"K Yuyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuyama K et al (2012) Sphingolipid-modulated exosome secretion promotes clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 by microglia. J Biol Chem 287(14):10977\u201310989","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"24","key":"5913_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12445","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.709485","volume":"291","author":"JC Polanco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polanco JC et al (2016) Extracellular vesicles isolated from the brains of rTg4510 mice seed Tau protein aggregation in a threshold-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 291(24):12445\u201312466","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160371","volume":"54","author":"S Baker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baker S, Polanco JC, G\u00f6tz J (2016) Extracellular vesicles containing P301L mutant tau accelerate pathological tau phosphorylation and oligomer formation but do not seed mature neurofibrillary tangles in ALZ17 mice. J Alzheimers Dis 54(3):1207\u20131217","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1868-1","volume":"136","author":"M Sardar Sinha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardar Sinha M et al (2018) Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers. Acta Neuropathol 136(1):41\u201356","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-017-0072-x","volume":"6","author":"T Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao T et al (2017) The role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Neurodegener 6(1):3","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"572","key":"5913_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau4543","volume":"12","author":"DS Harischandra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harischandra DS et al (2019) Manganese promotes the aggregation and prion-like cell-to-cell exosomal transmission of \u03b1-synuclein. Sci Signal 12(572):eaau4543","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"5913_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-7-42","volume":"7","author":"K Danzer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danzer K et al (2012) Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers. Mol Neurodegener 7:42","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"20","key":"5913_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6838","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5699-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"E Emmanouilidou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emmanouilidou E et al (2010) Cell-produced \u03b1-synuclein is secreted in a calcium-dependent manner by exosomes and impacts neuronal survival. J Neurosci 30(20):6838\u20136851","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1395992","volume":"14","author":"G Minakaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minakaki G et al (2018) Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA\/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype. Autophagy 14(1):98\u2013119","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"5913_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.06.009","volume":"548","author":"C Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang C et al (2013) Exosomes of BV-2 cells induced by alpha-synuclein: important mediator of neurodegeneration in PD. Neurosci Lett 548:190\u2013195","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00055a003","volume":"32","author":"DA Harris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harris DA et al (1993) Processing of a cellular prion protein: identification of N- and C-terminal cleavage sites. Biochemistry 32(4):1009\u20131016","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"36","key":"5913_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33311","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203661200","volume":"277","author":"AC Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2002","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es AC et al (2002) Endocytic intermediates involved with the intracellular trafficking of a fluorescent cellular prion protein. J Biol Chem 277(36):33311\u201333318","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"5913_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.165472","volume":"128","author":"YI Yim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yim YI et al (2015) The multivesicular body is the major internal site of prion conversion. J Cell Sci 128(7):1434\u20131443","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"26","key":"5913_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9683","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308413101","volume":"101","author":"B Fevrier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fevrier B et al (2004) Cells release prions in association with exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(26):9683\u20138","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"5913_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20080025","volume":"100","author":"S Alais","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alais S et al (2008) Mouse neuroblastoma cells release prion infectivity associated with exosomal vesicles. Biol Cell 100(10):603\u2013615","journal-title":"Biol Cell"},{"issue":"22","key":"5913_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1945-8","volume":"72","author":"D Vilette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vilette D et al (2015) Efficient inhibition of infectious prions multiplication and release by targeting the exosomal pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 72(22):4409\u20134427","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5913_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5128","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.684258","volume":"291","author":"BB Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo BB, Bellingham SA, Hill AF (2016) Stimulating the release of exosomes increases the intercellular transfer of prions. J Biol Chem 291(10):5128\u20135137","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"5913_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312245111","volume":"111","author":"LI Grad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grad LI et al (2014) Intercellular propagated misfolding of wild-type Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase occurs via exosome-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(9):3620\u20133625","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5913_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0294-3","volume":"36","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silverman JM et al (2016) Disease mechanisms in ALS: misfolded SOD1 transferred through exosome-dependent and exosome-independent pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 36:377\u2013381","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5913_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03619-3","volume":"78","author":"D Gagliardi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gagliardi D et al (2021) Extracellular vesicles and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from misfolded protein vehicles to promising clinical biomarkers. Cell Mol Life Sci 78:561\u2013572","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.024","volume":"428","author":"C Gomes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gomes C et al (2007) Evidence for secretion of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase via exosomes from a cell model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 428(1):43\u201346","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1603","volume":"9","author":"M Urushitani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Urushitani M et al (2006) Chromogranin-mediated secretion of mutant superoxide dismutase proteins linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Neurosci 9(1):108\u2013118","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"22","key":"5913_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.425066","volume":"288","author":"M Basso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Basso M et al (2013) Mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induces protein secretion pathway alterations and exosome release in astrocytes: implications for disease spreading and motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biol Chem 288(22):15699\u201315711","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"5913_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004825","volume":"294","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Silverman JM et al (2019) CNS-derived extracellular vesicles from superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A ALS mice originate from astrocytes and neurons and carry misfolded SOD1. J Biol Chem 294(10):3744\u20133759","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00859-4","volume":"20","author":"ER Dellar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dellar ER et al (2025) Extracellular vesicles in TDP-43 proteinopathies: pathogenesis and biomarker potential. Mol Neurodegener 20(1):68","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.06.007","volume":"4","author":"T Nonaka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nonaka T et al (2013) Prion-like properties of pathological TDP-43 aggregates from diseased brains. Cell Rep 4(1):124\u2013134","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"5913_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww237","volume":"139","author":"Y Iguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iguchi Y et al (2016) Exosome secretion is a key pathway for clearance of pathological TDP-43. Brain 139(12):3187\u20133201","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1830","volume":"11","author":"P-H Ren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ren P-H et al (2009) Cytoplasmic penetration and persistent infection of mammalian cells by polyglutamine aggregates. Nat Cell Biol 11(2):219\u2013225","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3761","volume":"17","author":"E Pecho-Vrieseling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pecho-Vrieseling E et al (2014) Transneuronal propagation of mutant Huntingtin contributes to non\u2013cell autonomous pathology in neurons. Nat Neurosci 17(8):1064\u20131072","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6768","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7768","volume":"6","author":"MM Pearce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearce MM et al (2015) Prion-like transmission of neuronal Huntingtin aggregates to phagocytic glia in the Drosophila brain. Nat Commun 6(1):6768","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"39","key":"5913_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1418-17.2017","volume":"37","author":"Y Hong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hong Y et al (2017) Mutant Huntingtin inhibits \u03b1B-crystallin expression and impairs exosome secretion from astrocytes. J Neurosci 37(39):9550\u20139563","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5913_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.635104","volume":"9","author":"M Beatriz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beatriz M, Vila\u00e7a R, Lopes C (2021) Exosomes: innocent bystanders or critical culprits in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:635104","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0445-5","volume":"5","author":"J Ngolab","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngolab J et al (2017) Brain-derived exosomes from dementia with Lewy bodies propagate \u03b1-synuclein pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 5(1):46","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"5913_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S466821","volume":"17","author":"M Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun M, Chen Z (2024) Unveiling the complex role of exosomes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Inflamm Res 17:3921\u20133948","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15288","volume":"157","author":"JR Pinnell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinnell JR, Cui M, Tieu K (2021) Exosomes in Parkinson disease. J Neurochem 157(3):413\u2013428","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5913_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010121","author":"G McCluskey","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCluskey G et al (2022)\u00a0Extracellular vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 13(1).","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"5913_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananbeh H, Vodicka P, Kupcova Skalnikova H (2021)\u00a0Emerging Roles of exosomes in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 22(8)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084085"},{"issue":"2","key":"5913_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.029","volume":"177","author":"DK Jeppesen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeppesen DK et al (2019) Reassessment of exosome composition. Cell 177(2):428-445.e18","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24316","volume":"6","author":"BW S\u00f3dar","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00f3dar BW et al (2016) Low-density lipoprotein mimics blood plasma-derived exosomes and microvesicles during isolation and detection. Sci Rep 6(1):24316","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6478","key":"5913_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","volume":"367","author":"R Kalluri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalluri R, LeBleu VS (2020) The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science 367(6478):eaau6977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5913_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilton SH, White IM (2021) Advances in the analysis of single extracellular vesicles: A critical review. Sens Actuators Rep 3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2021.100052"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.12.023","volume":"188","author":"B Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu B et al (2025) High-resolution spatially resolved proteomics of complex tissues based on microfluidics and transfer learning. Cell 188(3):734-748.e22","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5913_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang S et al (2024)\u00a0Exosome cargo in neurodegenerative diseases: leveraging their intercellular communication capabilities for biomarker discovery and therapeutic delivery. Brain Sci 14(11)","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111049"},{"issue":"11","key":"5913_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.335832","volume":"17","author":"WL Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu WL et al (2022) Emerging blood exosome-based biomarkers for preclinical and clinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Neural Regen Res 17(11):2381\u20132390","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5913_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00934","volume":"20","author":"S Muraoka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muraoka S et al (2021) Enrichment of neurodegenerative microglia signature in brain-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. J Proteome Res 20(3):1733\u20131743","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03528-x","volume":"22","author":"Y Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu Y et al (2025) Circulatory extracellular vesicles transport complement C1q for promoting neuronal amyloid-\u03b2 production in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 22(1):209","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"5913_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3978","volume":"12","author":"S El Andaloussi","year":"2013","unstructured":"El Andaloussi S et al (2013) Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 12(5):347\u2013357","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"4","key":"5913_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","volume":"29","author":"L Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alvarez-Erviti L et al (2011) Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nat Biotechnol 29(4):341\u2013345","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5913_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.012","volume":"35","author":"MB Dinkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dinkins MB et al (2014) Exosome reduction in vivo is associated with lower amyloid plaque load in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 35(8):1792\u20131800","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5913_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2000","volume":"12","author":"M Ostrowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ostrowski M et al (2010) Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway. Nat Cell Biol 12(1):19\u201330","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"5913_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholz K et al (2025)\u00a0Rab27b promotes lysosomal function and Alpha-Synuclein clearance in neurons. J Neurosci, 2025. 45(14)","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1579-24.2025"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"5913_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.02.006","volume":"106","author":"P Vader","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vader P et al (2016) Extracellular vesicles for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 106(Pt A):148\u2013156","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:03:15Z","timestamp":1778511795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":224,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05913-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"619"}}