{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:11:32Z","timestamp":1787170292444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":268,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:07:54Z","timestamp":1782122874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reprogramming Neuroinflammation: Mitochondrial Targets and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Nishant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prince Ahad","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyamcho Tshering","family":"Bhutia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurkiran","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qadir","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad Daulatrao","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukesh Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5983_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00338-8","volume":"11","author":"AA Tahami Monfared","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tahami Monfared AA, Byrnes MJ, White LA, Zhang Q (2022) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: epidemiology and clinical progression. Neurol Ther 11:553\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-022-00338-8","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-0960","volume":"16","author":"H-C Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang H-C, Jiang Z-F (2009) Accumulated amyloid-beta peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein: relationship and links in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 16:15\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2009-0960","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00220","volume":"10","author":"B Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar B, Dwivedi AR, Sarkar B, Gupta SK, Krishnamurthy S, Mantha AK, Parkash J, Kumar V (2019) 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine derivatives as dual inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 10:252\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00220","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01911-3","volume":"9","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang J, Chen L (2024) Recent advances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01911-3","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.02.078","volume":"150","author":"D Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar D, Gupta SK, Ganeshpurkar A, Gutti G, Krishnamurthy S, Modi G, Singh SK (2018) Development of piperazinediones as dual inhibitor for treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur J Med Chem 150:87\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.02.078","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"5983_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.020","volume":"110","author":"RC Paolicelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paolicelli RC, Sierra A, Stevens B, Tremblay ME, Aguzzi A, Ajami B, Amit I, Audinat E et al (2022) Microglia states and nomenclature: a field at its crossroads. Neuron 110:3458\u20133483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5983_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578433","volume":"395","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK, Potdar MB, Belgamwar AV (2024) Microglial-mediated immune mechanisms in autoimmune uveitis: elucidating pathogenic pathways and targeted therapeutics. J Neuroimmunol 395:578433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578433","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"5983_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","volume":"17","author":"F Leng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leng F, Edison P (2021) Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here? Nat Rev Neurol 17:157\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148797","volume":"1829","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK (2024) The neurotransmitter puzzle of Alzheimer\u2019s: dissecting mechanisms and exploring therapeutic horizons. Brain Res 1829:148797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148797","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5983_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","volume":"15","author":"L Muzio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muzio L, Viotti A, Martino G (2021) Microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: from understanding to therapy. Front Neurosci 15:742065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-02062-1","volume":"48","author":"PA Mir","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mir PA, Kumar N, Bhutia GT, Chaudhary P, Kaur G, Gupta SK (2026) The aging gut-glia-immune axis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: microbiome-derived mediators of neuroinflammation and therapeutic innovation. GeroScience 48:2201\u20132241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-02062-1","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"5983_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00659","volume":"13","author":"X-Q Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen X-Q, Mobley WC (2019) Alzheimer disease pathogenesis: insights from molecular and cellular biology studies of oligomeric a\u03b2 and tau species. Front Neurosci 13:659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00659","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-018-9744-7","volume":"43","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Mesharam MK, Krishnamurthy S (2018) Electromagnetic radiation 2450 MHz exposure causes cognition deficit with mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in rats. J Biosci 43:263\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12038-018-9744-7","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"5983_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102483","volume":"101","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK (2024) Deciphering the role of miRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: predictive targeting and pathway modulation \u2013 a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 101:102483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102483","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12683","volume":"19","author":"T Ashleigh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashleigh T, Swerdlow RH, Beal MF (2023) The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Alzheimers Dement 19:333\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12683","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"5983_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112309","volume":"136","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK (2024) Microglial mediators in autoimmune Uveitis: bridging neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 136:112309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112309","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103815","volume":"76","author":"A Valiente-Pallej\u00e0","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valiente-Pallej\u00e0 A, Tortajada J, Bulduk BK, Vilella E, Garrabou G, Muntan\u00e9 G, Martorell L (2022) Comprehensive summary of mitochondrial DNA alterations in the postmortem human brain: A systematic review. EBio Medicine 76:103815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103815","journal-title":"EBio Medicine"},{"key":"5983_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.09.003","volume":"73","author":"H Verma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verma H, Gangwar P, Yadav A, Yadav B, Rao R, Kaur S, Kumar P, Dhiman M et al (2023) Understanding the neuronal synapse and challenges associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mitochondrion 73:19\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2023.09.003","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"8","key":"5983_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080743","volume":"9","author":"DSA Simpson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simpson DSA, Oliver PL (2020) ROS generation in microglia: understanding oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 9(8):743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9080743","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"5983_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1159\/000533602","volume":"15","author":"Y Lyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyu Y, Wang T, Huang S, Zhang Z (2023) Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns and metabolism in the regulation of innate immunity. J Innate Immun 15:665\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533602","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"5983_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiarini A, Armato U, Hu P, Dal Pr\u00e0 I (2020) Danger-sensing\/patten recognition receptors and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 21(23):9036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21239036","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239036"},{"key":"5983_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24781","volume":"99","author":"VK Medala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medala VK, Gollapelli B, Dewanjee S, Ogunmokun G, Kandimalla R, Vallamkondu J (2021) Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and role of dynamin-related protein 1 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurosci Res 99:1120\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.24781","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"5983_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2026.01.002","volume":"247","author":"P Pal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pal P, Sharma M, Gupta SK (2026) Navigating the frontier of human microglia isolation-standardization and translational insight. Methods 247:63\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymeth.2026.01.002","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"5983_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006346","volume":"2","author":"T Wyss-Coray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wyss-Coray T, Rogers J (2012) Inflammation in Alzheimer disease-a brief review of the basic science and clinical literature. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:a006346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a006346","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5983_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7010014","volume":"7","author":"J Correale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Correale J, Marrodan M, Ysrraelit MC (2019) Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in progressive multiple sclerosis. Biomedicines 7(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines7010014","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"5983_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14298","volume":"596","author":"D Trigo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trigo D, Avelar C, Fernandes M, S\u00e1 J, da Cruz E, Silva O (2022) Mitochondria, energy, and metabolism in neuronal health and disease. FEBS Lett 596:1095\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.14298","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"5983_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23484","volume":"66","author":"M Fumagalli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fumagalli M, Lombardi M, Gressens P, Verderio C (2018) How to reprogram microglia toward beneficial functions. Glia 66:2531\u20132549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23484","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"5983_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00662.x","volume":"224","author":"BT Fife","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fife BT, Bluestone JA (2008) Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4and PD-1 pathways. Immunol Rev 224:166\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00662.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.806260","volume":"15","author":"C Rickenbach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rickenbach C, Gericke C (2022) Specificity of adaptive immune responses in central nervous system health, aging and diseases. Front Neurosci 15:806260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.806260","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.769229","volume":"9","author":"Y Zou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zou Y, Gan CL, Xin Z, Zhang HT, Zhang Q, Lee TH, Pan X, Chen Z (2021) Programmed cell death protein 1 blockade reduces glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:769229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.769229","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"5983_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10905","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310905","volume":"24","author":"M Ghareghani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghareghani M, Rivest S (2023) The synergistic potential of combining PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with NOD2 agonists in Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment. Int J Mol Sci 24(13):10905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241310905","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2463-7","volume":"74","author":"L Zuroff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zuroff L, Daley D, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M (2017) Clearance of cerebral A\u03b2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 74:2167\u20132201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-017-2463-7","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4022","volume":"22","author":"K Baruch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baruch K, Deczkowska A, Rosenzweig N, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Sharif AM, Matcovitch-Natan O, Kertser A, David E et al (2016) PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade reduces pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Med 22:135\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"5983_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.06.012","volume":"64","author":"S Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan S, Gerber DE (2020) Autoimmunity, checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immune-related adverse events: a review. Semin Cancer Biol 64:93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.06.012","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"5983_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0160-6","volume":"6","author":"M Ramos-Casals","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Brahmer JR, Callahan MK, Flores-Ch\u00e1vez A, Keegan N, Khamashta MA, Lambotte O, Mariette X et al (2020) Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Dis Prim 6:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-0160-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"5983_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08852-z","volume":"641","author":"K Kimura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kimura K, Subramanian A, Yin Z, Khalilnezhad A, Wu Y, He D, Dixon KO, Chitta UK et al (2025) Immune checkpoint TIM-3 regulates microglia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 641:718\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-08852-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5983_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-016-9637-8","volume":"27","author":"N Gorl\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gorl\u00e9 N, Van Cauwenberghe C, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE (2016) The effect of aging on brain barriers and the consequences for Alzheimer\u2019s disease development. Mamm Genome 27:407\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00335-016-9637-8","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"2","key":"5983_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13020240","volume":"13","author":"C Peggion","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peggion C, Cal\u00ec T, Brini M (2024) Mitochondria dysfunction and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: who comes first? Antioxidants (Basel) 13(2):240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13020240","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"5983_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-024-02504-x","volume":"103","author":"A Salminen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salminen A (2025) The role of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 103:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02504-x","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"7","key":"5983_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070862","volume":"3","author":"J Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali J, Choe K, Park JS, Park HY, Kang H, Park TJ, Kim MO (2024) The interplay of protein aggregation, genetics, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: role for natural antioxidants and immunotherapeutics. Antioxidants 3(7):862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13070862","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5983_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39217","volume":"10","author":"L Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng L, Zhang Z, Li Q, Song Z, Yan C, Ling H (2024) Unveiling the multifaceted pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review. Heliyon 10:e39217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39217","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"5983_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.02.001","volume":"21","author":"A Currais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Currais A (2015) Ageing and inflammation - a central role for mitochondria in brain health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 21:30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2015.02.001","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04412-0","volume":"62","author":"Y Mishra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mishra Y, Kumar A, Kaundal RK (2025) Mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial immune checkpoint for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: mtDAMPs in focus. Mol Neurobiol 62:6715\u20136747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04412-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5983_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.12.282","volume":"52","author":"DK Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim DK, Mook-Jung I (2019) The role of cell type-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. BMB Rep 52:679\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.12.282","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"5983_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00902","volume":"10","author":"G Cenini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cenini G, Voos W (2019) Mitochondria as potential targets in Alzheimer disease therapy: an update. Front Pharmacol 10:902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.00902","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170585","volume":"62","author":"RH Swerdlow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swerdlow RH (2018) Mitochondria and mitochondrial cascades in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 62:1403\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170585","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.12.004","volume":"26","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Puli L, Patil CR (2021) Role of reactive oxygen species in the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Drug Discov Today 26:794\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.12.004","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"11","key":"5983_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112167","volume":"11","author":"MC Jurc\u0103u","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jurc\u0103u MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Jurc\u0103u A, Marcu F, \u0162i\u021b DM, Pa\u0219cal\u0103u N, Nistor-Cseppent\u00f6 DC (2022) The link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: therapeutic implications and future perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 11(11):2167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11112167","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"5983_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119425","volume":"342","author":"X Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan X, Yang Y, Huang W, Fu S, Cui B, Chu M, Dong Y, Peng Y et al (2025) Beneficial effects of the herbal medicine zuo gui wan in a mice model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via Drp1-Mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fission and activation of AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1-regulated mitochondrial bioenergetics. J Ethnopharmacol 342:119425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119425","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00311","volume":"11","author":"A Chakravorty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakravorty A, Jetto CT, Manjithaya R (2019) Dysfunctional mitochondria and mitophagy as drivers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 11:311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00311","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14175","volume":"101","author":"M Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi M, Joshi S, Khambete M, Degani M (2023) Role of calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its therapeutic implications. Chem Biol Drug Des 101:453\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cbdd.14175","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"key":"5983_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7506","volume":"29","author":"E Popugaeva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Popugaeva E, Pchitskaya E, Bezprozvanny I (2018) Dysregulation of intracellular calcium signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 29:1176\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2018.7506","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"5983_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169945","volume":"12","author":"Y-E Cho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cho Y-E, Lee M-H, Song B-J (2017) Neuronal cell death and degeneration through increased nitroxidative stress and tau phosphorylation in HIV-1 transgenic rats. PLoS One 12:e0169945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169945","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5983_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01953-0","volume":"10","author":"W You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You W, Knoops K, Berendschot TTJM, Benedikter BJ, Webers CAB, Reutelingsperger CPM, Gorgels TGMF (2024) PGC-1a mediated mitochondrial biogenesis promotes recovery and survival of neuronal cells from cellular degeneration. Cell Death Discov 10:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-024-01953-0","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"5983_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr381","volume":"20","author":"MJ Calkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calkins MJ, Manczak M, Mao P, Shirendeb U, Reddy PH (2011) Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, defective axonal transport of mitochondria, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Mol Genet 20:4515\u20134529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddr381","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5983_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.025","volume":"1842","author":"I Pedr\u00f3s","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pedr\u00f3s I, Petrov D, Allgaier M, Sureda F, Barroso E, Beas-Zarate C, Auladell C, Pall\u00e0s M et al (2014) Early alterations in energy metabolism in the hippocampus of APPswe\/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1842:1556\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.025","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"5983_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0332-9","volume":"22","author":"EF Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang EF, Hou Y, Palikaras K, Adriaanse BA, Kerr JS, Yang B, Lautrup S, Mahdi Hasan-Olive MM et al (2019) Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-\u03b2 and tau pathology and reverses cognitive deficits in models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Neurosci 22:401\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-018-0332-9","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02234-7","volume":"141","author":"L Vaillant-Beuchot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vaillant-Beuchot L, Mary A, Pardossi-Piquard R, Bourgeois A, Lauritzen I, Eysert F, Kinoshita PF, Cazareth J et al (2021) Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments triggers mitochondrial structure, function, and mitophagy defects in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models and human brains. Acta Neuropathol 141:39\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-020-02234-7","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"5983_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03053.x","volume":"93","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang J, Xiong S, Xie C, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA (2005) Increased oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 93:953\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03053.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5983_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715273334342250108043032","volume":"24","author":"ABH Mallikarjuna Aradya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mallikarjuna Aradya ABH, Prabhakaran P, Rajan L, Beeraka NM, Mathew B, Bommenahalli Ravanappa PK (2025) Epigenetic threads of neurodegeneration: TFAM\u2019s intricate role in mitochondrial transcription. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 24:422\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118715273334342250108043032","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"5983_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.06.003","volume":"1793","author":"A Torraco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Torraco A, Diaz F, Vempati UD, Moraes CT (2009) Mouse models of oxidative phosphorylation defects: Powerful tools to study the pathobiology of mitochondrial diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta - Mol Cell Res 1793:171\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.06.003","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta - Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"5983_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh109","volume":"13","author":"MI Ekstrand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ekstrand MI, Falkenberg M, Rantanen A, Park CB, Gaspari M, Hultenby K, Rustin P, Gustafsson CM et al (2004) Mitochondrial transcription factor A regulates mtDNA copy number in mammals. Hum Mol Genet 13:935\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddh109","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5983_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16074-2","volume":"11","author":"M Calvo-Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calvo-Rodriguez M, Hou SS, Snyder AC, Kharitonova EK, Russ AN, Das S, Fan Z, Muzikansky A et al (2020) Increased mitochondrial calcium levels associated with neuronal death in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 11:2146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16074-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"5983_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S487","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100306","volume":"20","author":"C Supnet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Supnet C, Bezprozvanny I (2010) Neuronal calcium signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 20(Suppl 2):S487\u2013S498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-100306","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002718","volume":"3","author":"S Sanz-Blasco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanz-Blasco S, Valero RA, Rodr\u00edguez-Crespo I, Villalobos C, N\u00fa\u00f1ez L (2008) Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload underlies a\u03b2oligomers neurotoxicity providing an unexpected mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs. PLoS One 3:e2718","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5983_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01547-9","volume":"8","author":"W Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen W, Zhao H, Li Y (2023) Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01547-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114355","volume":"363","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Chang Y, Zhu J, Wu Y, Jiang X, Zheng S, Li G, Ma R (2023) AdipoRon mitigates tau pathology and restores mitochondrial dynamics via AMPK-related pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 363:114355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114355","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1357-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"X Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang X, Su B, Lee HG, Li X, Perry G, Smith MA, Zhu X (2009) Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 29:9090\u20139103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1357-09.2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Area-Gomez E, Del Carmen Lara Castillo M, Tambini MD, Guardia-Laguarta C, de Groof AJ, Madra M, Ikenouchi J, Umeda M et al (2012) Upregulated function of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in Alzheimer disease. EMBO J 31:4106\u20134123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emboj.2012.202","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.202"},{"key":"5983_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666161230144517","volume":"23","author":"HM Wilkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilkins HM, Morris JK (2017) New therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Pharm Des 23:731\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612822666161230144517","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"5983_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516119","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1516119","volume":"17","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu D, Guo P, Wang Y, Li W (2024) Regulation of adult neurogenesis: the crucial role of astrocytic mitochondria. Front Mol Neurosci 17:1516119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1516119","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0031-6","volume":"1","author":"C Vicente-Gutierrez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bonora N, Bobo-Jimenez V, Jimenez-Blasco D, Lopez-Fabuel I, Fernandez E, Josephine C, Bonvento G et al (2019) Astrocytic mitochondrial ROS modulate brain metabolism and mouse behaviour. Nat Metab 1:201\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-018-0031-6","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"5983_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RRose J, Brian C, Woods J, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R (2017) Mitochondrial dysfunction in glial cells: Implications for neuronal homeostasis and survival. Toxicology 391:109\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.011"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5983_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz70855_102364","volume":"21","author":"S Yunta-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yunta-S\u00e1nchez S, Mengual-Fenollar R, Bola\u00f1os JP, Quintana-Cabrera R (2025) Mitochondrial transfer and dynamics configures neural physiology through intercellular communications. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement 21(Suppl 1):e102364","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"5983_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103042","volume":"116","author":"S Majumdar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Majumdar S, Samaiya PK, Gupta SK, Krishnamurthy S, Prajapati SK (2026) Aging and neuropathic pain: mitochondria-to-glia cascade, system mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Ageing Res Rev 116:103042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103042","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08439-0","volume":"638","author":"H Ikeda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ikeda H, Kawase K, Nishi T, Watanabe T, Takenaga K, Inozume T, Ishino T, Aki S et al (2025) Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment. Nature 638:225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08439-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5983_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01390-y","volume":"7","author":"D Barnett","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barnett D, Zimmer TS, Booraem C, Palaguachi F, Meadows SM, Xiao H, Wong MY, Luo W et al (2025) Mitochondrial complex III-derived ROS amplify immunometabolic changes in astrocytes and promote dementia pathology. Nat Metab 7:2300\u20132323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-025-01390-y","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"5983_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114902","volume":"159","author":"R Dhapola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhapola R, Paidlewar M, Kumari S, Sharma P, Vellingiri B, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D (2025) cGAS-STING and neurodegenerative diseases: a molecular crosstalk and therapeutic perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 159:114902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114902","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02613-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC (2022) Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia: a novel perspective for pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 19:248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02613-9","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","volume":"8","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H (2023) Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107162","volume":"217","author":"J Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei J, Xiao T, Lyu J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Du X, He Y, Zhao M et al (2025) Mitophagy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. Neurobiol Dis 217:107162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107162","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01275-w","volume":"22","author":"W Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu W, Huang Y, Zhou R (2025) NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 22:341\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01275-w","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01028-6","volume":"29","author":"A Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan A, Prasad R, Lee C, Jho E-H (2022) Past, present, and future perspectives of transcription factor EB(TFEB): mechanisms of regulation and association with disease. Cell Death Differ 29:1433\u20131449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-022-01028-6","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"5983_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01503-7","volume":"8","author":"S Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang S, Long H, Hou L, Feng B, Ma Z, Wu Y, Zeng Y, Cai J et al (2023) The mitophagy pathway and its implications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01503-7","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s44194-024-00032-x","volume":"3","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Jiang O, Chen M, Wang S (2024) Mitochondrial homeostasis: shaping health and disease. Curr Med 3:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44194-024-00032-x","journal-title":"Curr Med"},{"key":"5983_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00114","volume":"12","author":"H Solleiro-Villavicencio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Rivas-Arancibia S (2018) Effect of chronic oxidative stress on neuroinflammatory response mediated by CD4(+)T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 12:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00114","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00252","volume":"12","author":"I Agrawal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agrawal I, Jha S (2020) Mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: role of microglia. Front Aging Neurosci 12:252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00252","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105685","volume":"161","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Tanwar AK, Purohit PK, Pal P, Kumar D, Vaidya S, Prajapati SK, Kumar A et al (2024) Regulatory roles of microRNAs in modulating mitochondrial dynamics, amyloid beta fibrillation, microglial activation, and cholinergic signaling: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 161:105685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105685","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37304-3","volume":"14","author":"V Lau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lau V, Ramer L, Tremblay M-\u00c8 (2023) An aging, pathology burden, and glial senescence build-up hypothesis for late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 14:1670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37304-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11631","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S499473","volume":"17","author":"P Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li P, Zhou M, Wang J, Tian J, Zhang L, Wei Y, Yang F, Xu Y et al (2024) Important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in immune triggering and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. J Inflamm Res 17:11631\u201311657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S499473","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"5983_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108662","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108662","volume":"40","author":"MP Kummer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kummer MP, Ising C, Kummer C, Sarlus H, Griep A, Vieira-Saecker A, Schwartz S, Halle A et al (2021) Microglial PD-1 stimulation by astrocytic PD-L1suppresses neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. EMBO J 40:e108662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.2021108662","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"5983_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.07.015","volume":"56","author":"D Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen D, Varanasi SK, Hara T, Traina K, Sun M, McDonald B, Farsakoglu Y, Clanton J et al (2023) CTLA-4 blockade induces a microglia-Th1 cell partnership that stimulates microglia phagocytosis and anti-tumor function in glioblastoma. Immunity 56:2086\u20132104.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.07.015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5983_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2644-4","volume":"11","author":"Z He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He Z, Yang Y, Xing Z, Zuo Z, Wang R, Gu H, Qi F, Yao Z (2020) Intraperitoneal injection of IFN-\u03b3 restores microglial autophagy, promotes amyloid-\u03b2 clearance and improves cognition in APP\/PS1 mice. Cell Death Dis 11:440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-020-2644-4","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624538","volume":"12","author":"LH Fairley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fairley LH, Wong JH, Barron AM (2021) Mitochondrial regulation of microglial immunometabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Immunol 12:624538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624538","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40982-8","volume":"14","author":"M Linnerbauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Linnerbauer M, Beyer T, Nirschl L, Farrenkopf D, L\u00f6\u00dflein L, Vandrey O, Peter A, Tsaktanis I et al (2023) PD-L1 positive astrocytes attenuate inflammatory functions of PD-1 positive microglia in models of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 14:5555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40982-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08352-5","volume":"10","author":"N Rosenzweig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosenzweig N, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Keren-Shaul H, Ben-Yehuda H, Weill-Raynal P, Cahalon L, Kertser A et al (2019) PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model. Nat Commun 10:465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-08352-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181177","volume":"68","author":"H Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo H, Zhao Z, Zhang R, Chen P, Zhang X, Cheng F, Gou X (2019) Monocytes in the peripheral clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 68:1391\u20131400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-181177","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00897-1","volume":"12","author":"CT Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu CT, Chu CI, Wang FY, Yang HY, Tseng WS, Chang CR, Chang CC (2022) A change of PD-1\/PD-L1 expression on peripheral T cell subsets correlates with the different stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Biosci 12:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13578-022-00897-1","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"5983_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23260","volume":"66","author":"M Latta-Mahieu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Latta-Mahieu M, Elmer B, Bretteville A, Wang Y, Lopez-Grancha M, Goniot P, Moindrot N, Ferrari P et al (2018) Systemic immune-checkpoint blockade with anti-PD1 antibodies does not alter cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 burden in several amyloid transgenic mouse models. Glia 66:492\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23260","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"5983_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00377","volume":"11","author":"Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin Y, Rajamohamedsait HB, Sandusky-Beltran LA, Gamallo-Lana B, Mar A, Sigurdsson EM (2019) Chronic PD-1 checkpoint blockade does not affect cognition or promote tau clearance in a tauopathy mouse model. Front Aging Neurosci 11:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00377","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10206-5","volume":"20","author":"A Moadab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moadab A, Khorramdelazad H, Javar MTA, Nejad MSM, Mirzaie S, Hatami S, Mahdavi N, Ghaffari S et al (2025) Unmasking a Paradox: roles of the PD-1\/PD-L1Axis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Off J Soc NeuroImmune Pharmacol 20:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10206-5","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Off J Soc NeuroImmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403142","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1403142","volume":"16","author":"W Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao W (2024) In sickness and in health-Type I interferon and the brain. Front Aging Neurosci 16:1403142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1403142","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chyuan I-T, Tzeng H-T, Chen J-Y (2019) Signaling pathways of type I and type III interferons and targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cells 8(9):963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8090963","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090963"},{"key":"5983_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01644-z","volume":"16","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Q, Yuan S, Wang C, Huang D, Zhang M, Zhan Y, Gao F, Shi J et al (2024) Brain derived \u03b2-interferon is a potential player in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis and cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 16:271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-024-01644-z","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.373","volume":"58","author":"N Andreasen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andreasen N, Minthon L, Davidsson P, Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Winblad B, Blennow K (2001) Evaluation of CSF-tau and CSF-Abeta42 as diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease in clinical practice. Arch Neurol 58:373\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.58.3.373","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70139-5","volume":"8","author":"PJ Visser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Visser PJ, Verhey F, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Wahlund LO, Freund-Levi Y, Tsolaki M, Minthon L et al (2009) Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 8:619\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70139-5","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR107","first-page":"143","volume":"3","author":"M Faull","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faull M, Ching SY, Jarmolowicz AI, Beilby J, Panegyres PK (2014) Comparison of two methods for the analysis of CSF A\u03b2and tau in the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am J Neurodegener Dis 3:143\u2013151","journal-title":"Am J Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321073","volume":"91","author":"S Teuber-Hanselmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teuber-Hanselmann S, Rekowski J, Vogelgsang J, von Arnim C, Reetz K, Stang A, J\u00f6ckel KH, Wiltfang J et al (2020) CSF and blood Kallikrein-8: a promising early biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 91:40\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321073","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"5983_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12193","volume":"13","author":"U Habiba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habiba U, Descallar J, Kreilaus F, Adhikari UK, Kumar S, Morley JW, Bui BV, Koronyo-Hamaoui M et al (2021) Detection of retinal and blood A\u03b2 oligomers with nanobodies. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement (Amsterdam) 13:e12193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12193","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"5983_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2018.1446953","volume":"128","author":"MA Mohd Lazaldin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohd Lazaldin MA, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Bakar NS, Agarwal P, Mohd Ismail N (2018) Time- and dose-related effects of amyloid beta1-40on retina and optic nerve morphology in rats. Int J Neurosci 128:952\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207454.2018.1446953","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-46","volume":"1","author":"M-S Garc\u00eda-Ayll\u00f3n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ayll\u00f3n M-S, Campanari M-L, Brinkmalm G et al (2013) CSF Presenilin-1 complexes are increased in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 1:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-5960-1-46","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"5983_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0131-2","volume":"11","author":"A Sogorb-Esteve","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sogorb-Esteve A, Garc\u00eda-Ayll\u00f3n MS, Fortea J, S\u00e1nchez-Valle R, Lle\u00f3 A, Molinuevo JL, S\u00e1ez-Valero J (2016) Cerebrospinal fluid Presenilin-1 increases at asymptomatic stage in genetically determined Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 11(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-016-0131-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-2-22","volume":"2","author":"SL Cole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cole SL, Vassar R (2007) The Alzheimer\u2019s disease beta-secretase enzyme, BACE1. Mol Neurodegener 2:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-2-22","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00686-3","volume":"12","author":"H Hampel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hampel H, Lista S, Vanmechelen E, Zetterberg H, Giorgi FS, Galgani A, Blennow K, Caraci F et al (2020) \u03b2-Secretase1 biological markers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: state-of-art of validation and qualification. Alzheimers Res Ther 12:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-020-00686-3","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2017.1304217","volume":"14","author":"F Baldacci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baldacci F, Lista S, Cavedo E, Bonuccelli U, Hampel H (2017) Diagnostic function of the neuroinflammatory biomarkerYKL-40 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 14:285\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789450.2017.1304217","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteomics"},{"key":"5983_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.025","volume":"68","author":"R Craig-Schapiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Craig-Schapiro R, Perrin RJ, Roe CM, Xiong C, Carter D, Cairns NJ, Mintun MA, Peskind ER et al (2010) YKL-40: a novel prognostic fluid biomarker for preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biol Psychiatry 68:903\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5983_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0226-4","volume":"12","author":"F Llorens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Llorens F, Th\u00fcne K, Tahir W, Kanata E, Diaz-Lucena D, Xanthopoulos K, Kovatsi E, Pleschka C et al (2017) YKL-40 in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of neurodegenerative dementias. Mol Neurodegener 12:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-017-0226-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01122-4","volume":"14","author":"S Halbgebauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halbgebauer S, Steinacker P, Riedel D, Oeckl P, Anderl-Straub S, Lombardi J, von Arnim CAF, Nagl M et al (2022) Visinin-like protein 1 levels in blood and CSF as emerging markers for Alzheimer\u2019s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimers Res Ther 14:175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-022-01122-4","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.007","volume":"27","author":"D Galimberti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Lovati C, Venturelli E, Guidi I, Corr\u00e0 B, Scalabrini D, Clerici F et al (2006) Serum MCP-1 levels are increased in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 27:1763\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"5983_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03745-1","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li F, Elmadhoun O, Pang Q, Ding Y, Geng X (2025) Critical role of translocator protein (TSPO) in neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and mental stress-exacerbated ischemic injury following stroke. Transl Psychiatry 16:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-025-03745-1","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"5983_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15578-9","volume":"12","author":"P Giannos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Raleigh SM, Kelaiditi E, Mathew Hill M (2022) Altered mitochondrial microenvironment at the spotlight of musculoskeletal aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 12:11290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-15578-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5983_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58494-y","volume":"16","author":"JM Peralta Ramos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peralta Ramos JM, Castellani G, Kviatcovsky D, Croese T, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Burgaletto C, Abellanas MA, Cahalon L et al (2025) Targeting CD38 immuno metabolic checkpoint improves metabolic fitness and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 16:3736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-58494-y","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v9i3.2835","volume":"9","author":"K Yadav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yadav K, Lou Diana MM, Bhutia GT, Owoalade SA (2019) Review on aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Drug Deliv Ther 9:626\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22270\/jddt.v9i3.2835","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-022-00932-1","volume":"51","author":"A Melidoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melidoni A (2022) Machine learning identifies mitophagy inducers that ameliorate pathology in animal models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lab Anim (NY) 51:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41684-022-00932-1","journal-title":"Lab Anim (NY)"},{"key":"5983_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.011","volume":"90","author":"AM Bertholet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertholet AM, Delerue T, Millet AM, Moulis MF, David C, Daloyau M, Arnaun\u00e9-Pelloquin L, Davezac N et al (2016) Mitochondrial fusion\/fission dynamics in neurodegeneration and neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Dis 90:3\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2022.110865","volume":"164","author":"SP Patil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patil SP, DiFlumeri J, Wellington J, Fattakhova E, Oravic M (2022) Alzheimer\u2019s neuroinflammation: a crosstalk between immune checkpoint PD1-PDL1 and ApoE-Heparin interactions? Med Hypotheses 164:110865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2022.110865","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"5983_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161088","volume":"57","author":"E T\u00f6nnies","year":"2017","unstructured":"T\u00f6nnies E, Trushina E (2017) Oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 57:1105\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-161088","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10368-8","volume":"52","author":"AA Palabiyik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palabiyik AA, Palabiyik E (2025) Pharmacological approaches to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis: focus on PGC-1\u0391, AMPK, and SIRT1 in cellular health. Mol Biol Rep 52:270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10368-8","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"5983_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-8-32","volume":"8","author":"MV Alavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alavi MV, Fuhrmann N (2013) Dominant optic atrophy, OPA1, and mitochondrial quality control: understanding mitochondrial network dynamics. Mol Neurodegener 8:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-8-32","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(04)59005-1","volume":"59","author":"H Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen H, Chan DC (2004) Mitochondrial dynamics in mammals. Curr Top Dev Biol 59:119\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0070-2153(04)59005-1","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"key":"5983_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-18-443","volume":"37","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Song L, Yu J, Huang F, Li Y, Ma C (2022) Mdivi-1: a promising drug and its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Histol Histopathol 37:505\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14670\/HH-18-443","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"5983_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102012","volume":"32","author":"A Alghamdi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alghamdi A (2024) A detailed review of pharmacology of MFN1 (mitofusion-1)-mediatedmitochondrial dynamics: implications for cellular health and diseases. Saudi Pharm J SPJ Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc 32:102012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2024.102012","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J SPJ Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc"},{"key":"5983_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.787258","volume":"15","author":"S Saha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Tucci P, Saso LA (2021) A perspective on Nrf2 signaling pathway for neuroinflammation: a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 15:787258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.787258","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00863-5","volume":"13","author":"B Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han B, Jiang W, Cui P, Zheng K, Dang C, Wang J, Li H, Chen L (2021) Microglial PGC-1\u03b1 protects against ischemic brain injury by suppressing neuroinflammation. Genome Med 13:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-021-00863-5","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"5983_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chuang YC, Chen SD, Hsu CY, Chen SF, Chen NC, Jou SB (2019) Resveratrol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against seizure-induced neuronal cell damage in the hippocampus following status epilepticus by activation of the PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20040998","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040998"},{"key":"5983_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-00019-9","volume":"35","author":"NT da Rosa-Junior","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Rosa-Junior NT, Parmeggiani B, da Rosa MS, Gl\u00e4nzel NM, de Moura AL, Wajner M, Leipnitz G (2019) Bezafibrate in vivo administration prevents 3-methylglutaric acid-induced impairment of redox status, mitochondrial biogenesis, and neural injury in brain of developing rats. Neurotox Res 35:809\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-019-00019-9","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"5983_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831168","volume":"13","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y et al (2022) Regulation of SIRT1 and its roles in inflammation. Front Immunol 13:831168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831168","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matuz-Mares D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Andrade M, Araiza-Villanueva MG, Vilchis-Landeros MM, V\u00e1zquez-Meza H (2022) Mitochondrial calcium: effects of its imbalance in disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 11(5):801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11050801","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050801"},{"key":"5983_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115467","volume":"165","author":"K Lama","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lama K, Bhutia GT, Deka R, Beeraka NM, Gupta SK (2025) From inflammation to intervention: exploring shared mechanisms and lifestyle strategies in diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 165:115467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115467","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5983_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043739","volume":"24","author":"M Fields","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fields M, Marcuzzi A, Gonelli A, Celeghini C, Maximova N, Rimondi E (2023) Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, an innovative class of antioxidant compounds for neurodegenerative diseases: perspectives and limitations. Int J Mol Sci 24(4):3739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043739","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.4161\/15384101.2014.958393","volume":"13","author":"NA Muraleva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muraleva NA, Kozhevnikova OS, Zhdankina AA, Stefanova NA, Karamysheva TV, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG (2014) The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 restores \u03b1B-crystallin expression and protects against AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats. Cell Cycle 13:3499\u20133505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/15384101.2014.958393","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"5983_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tung C, Varzideh F, Farroni E, Mone P, Kansakar U, Jankauskas SS, Santulli G (2025) Elamipretide: a review of its structure, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential. Int J Mol Sci 26(3):944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26030944","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030944"},{"issue":"17","key":"5983_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172660","volume":"11","author":"S Kshirsagar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kshirsagar S, Alvir RV, Pradeepkiran JA, Hindle A, Vijayan M, Ramasubramaniam B, Kumar S, Reddy AP et al (2022) A combination therapy of Urolithin A+EGCG has stronger protective effects than single drug Urolithin a in a humanized amyloid beta knock in mice for late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cells 11(17):2660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172660","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"5983_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24397","volume":"97","author":"N Klimova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klimova N, Long A, Kristian T (2019) Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters mitochondrial dynamics by SIRT3-dependent mechanism in male mice. J Neurosci Res 97:975\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.24397","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"5983_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0203","volume":"14","author":"H Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao H, Xie Y, Xi K, Xie J, Liu M, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Wang W et al (2023) Targeting mitochondrial sirtuins in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and fibrosis. Aging Dis 14:1583\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2023.0203","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0203","volume":"14","author":"H Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao H, Xie Y, Xi K, Xie J, Liu M, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Wang W et al (2023) Targeting mitochondrial sirtuins in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and fibrosis. Aging Dis 14:1583\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2023.0203","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eady9811","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady9811","volume":"11","author":"R Ai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ai R, Mao L, Jin X, Campos-Marques C, Zhang SQ, Pan J, Lagartos-Donate MJ, Cao SQ et al (2025) NAD(+) reverses Alzheimer\u2019s neurological deficits via regulating differential alternative RNA splicing of EVA1C. Sci Adv 11:eady9811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.ady9811","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"5983_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12699","volume":"47","author":"N Keshavan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Keshavan N, Minczuk M, Viscomi C, Rahman S (2024) Gene therapy for mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 47:145\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jimd.12699","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003377412-11","volume-title":"Plant-derived anticancer drugs in the OMICS era","author":"P Saraswat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saraswat P, Chaturvedi A, Ranjan R (2023) Zinc finger nuclease (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) based genome editing in enhancement of anticancer activity of plants. In: Plant-derived anticancer drugs in the OMICS era. Apple Academic Press, pp 281\u2013293"},{"key":"5983_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00805-7","volume":"12","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Sun Y, Qi Z, Cao L, Ding S (2022) Mitochondrial transfer\/transplantation: an emerging therapeutic approach for multiple diseases. Cell Biosci 12:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13578-022-00805-7","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"5983_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2142\/biophysico.bppb-v22.0012","volume":"22","author":"A Okutani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Okutani A, Naima J, Ogihara A, Motoichi T, Ohsawa I, Ohta Y (2025) A method for isolating and cryopreserving intact mitochondria with improved integrity and functionality. Biophys Physicobiology 22:e220012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2142\/biophysico.bppb-v22.0012","journal-title":"Biophys Physicobiology"},{"key":"5983_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2023.04329","volume":"26","author":"S Marasini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marasini S, Jia X (2024) Neuroprotective approaches for brain injury after cardiac arrest: current trends and prospective avenues. J Stroke 26:203\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5853\/jos.2023.04329","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"5983_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040573","volume":"10","author":"LJ Shinn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shinn LJ, Lagalwar S (2021) Treating neurodegenerative disease with antioxidants: efficacy of the bioactive phenol resveratrol and mitochondrial-targeted MitoQ and SkQ. Antioxidants (Basel) 10(4):573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10040573","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"5983_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx052","volume":"26","author":"PH Reddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reddy PH, Manczak M, Kandimalla R (2017) Mitochondria-targeted small molecule SS31: a potential candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Mol Genet 26:1483\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddx052","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5983_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E417","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00242.2023","volume":"326","author":"IM Gindri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gindri IM, Ferrari G, Pinto LPS, Bicca J, Dos Santos IK, Dallacosta D, Roesler CRM (2024) Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 326:E417\u2013E427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00242.2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5983_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0158-8","volume":"8","author":"C-Y Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang C-Y, Liang M-Z, Chen L (2019) Current progress of mitochondrial transplantation that promotes neuronal regeneration. Transl Neurodegener 8:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-019-0158-8","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006","volume":"340","author":"C Giorgi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giorgi C, Marchi S, Simoes ICM, Ren Z, Morciano G, Perrone M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Borchard S et al (2018) Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species in aging and age-related diseases. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 340:209\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"5983_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14637","volume":"176","author":"LM Ittner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ittner LM, Klugmann M, Ke YD (2019) Adeno-associated virus-based Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models and potential new therapeutic avenues. Br J Pharmacol 176:3649\u20133665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14637","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.1118109","volume":"18","author":"JT Swarthout","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swarthout JT, Raisinghani M, Cui X (2011) Zinc finger nucleases: a new era for transgenic animals. Ann Neurosci 18:25\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.1118109","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0089-y","volume":"5","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Yang Y, Hong W, Huang M, Wu M, Zhao X (2020) Applications of genome editing technology in the targeted therapy of human diseases: mechanisms, advances and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-019-0089-y","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0098","volume":"56","author":"JS Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JS, Lee S, Kim W-K, Han B-S (2023) Mitochondrial transplantation: an overview of a promising therapeutic approach. BMB Rep 56:488\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0098","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"5983_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2009.08.009","volume":"21","author":"G Kaur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaur G, Han SJ, Yang I, Crane C (2010) Microglia and central nervous system immunity. Neurosurg Clin N Am 21:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2009.08.009","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"5983_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12896","volume":"297","author":"HE Ennerfelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ennerfelt HE, Lukens JR (2020) The role of innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immunol Rev 297:225\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12896","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-021-00631-w","volume":"97","author":"Y Hattori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hattori Y (2022) The behavior and functions of embryonic microglia. Anat Sci Int 97:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-021-00631-w","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"5983_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9913-8_6","volume":"1175","author":"TL Tay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tay TL, Carrier M, Tremblay M-\u00c8 (2019) Physiology of microglia. Adv Exp Med Biol 1175:129\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-9913-8_6","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5983_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6321","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076321","volume":"24","author":"E Palasz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palasz E, Wilkaniec A, Stanaszek L, Andrzejewska A, Adamczyk A (2023) Glia-neurotrophic factor relationships: possible role in pathobiology of neuroinflammation-related brain disorders. Int J Mol Sci 24(7):6321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24076321","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","volume":"8","author":"C Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S (2023) Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.856376","volume":"13","author":"Y Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai Y, Liu J, Wang B, Sun M, Yang H (2022) Microglia in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 13:856376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.856376","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02580-1","volume":"19","author":"C Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao C, Shen X, Tan Y, Chen S (2022) Pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies and biomarker development based on \u201comics\u201d analysis related to microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 19:215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02580-1","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577185","volume":"341","author":"A Hashemiaghdam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashemiaghdam A, Mroczek M (2020) Microglia heterogeneity and neurodegeneration: The emerging paradigm of the role of immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroimmunol 341:577185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577185","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"5983_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19737-2","volume":"11","author":"M Olah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olah M, Menon V, Habib N, Taga MF, Ma Y, Yung CJ, Cimpean M, Khairallah A et al (2020) Single cell RNA sequencing of human microglia uncovers a subset associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 11:6129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19737-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03296-0","volume":"21","author":"M Sadeghdoust","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sadeghdoust M, Das A, Kaushik DK (2024) Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions. J Neuroinflammation 21:300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03296-0","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648887","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1648887","volume":"16","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Fang C, Li Y, Xiong X, Xu X, Gu L (2025) Glycolytic reprogramming during microglial polarization in neurological diseases. Front Immunol 16:1648887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1648887","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115374","volume":"392","author":"M Azmal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azmal M, Paul JK, Prima FS, Haque ANMSNB, Meem M, Ghosh A (2025) Microglial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms, emerging therapies, and future directions. Exp Neurol 392:115374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115374","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04775-y","volume":"80","author":"I Antignano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antignano I, Liu Y, Offermann N, Capasso M (2023) Aging microglia. Cell Mol Life Sci 80:126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-023-04775-y","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.012","volume":"14","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wang J, Yu L, Qiao G, Qin D, Yuen-Kwan Law B, Ren F, Wu J et al (2024) Mitophagy and cGAS-STING crosstalk in neuroinflammation. Acta Pharm Sin B 14:3327\u20133361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"5983_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0091-6","volume":"11","author":"PA Williams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Williams PA, Tribble JR, Pepper KW, Cross SD, Morgan BP, Morgan JE, John SW, Howell GR (2016) Inhibition of the classical pathway of the complement cascade prevents early dendritic and synaptic degeneration in glaucoma. Mol Neurodegener 11:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-016-0091-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","volume":"352","author":"S Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong S, Beja-Glasser VF, Nfonoyim BM, Frouin A, Li S, Ramakrishnan S, Merry KM, Shi Q et al (2016) Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models. Science 352:712\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad8373","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5983_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01127","volume":"21","author":"Y Xing","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xing Y, Mo Y, Chen Q, Li X (2026) Synaptic pruning mechanisms and application of emerging imaging techniques in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 21:1698\u20131714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01127","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"5983_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S305420","volume":"10","author":"A Gomez-Arboledas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez-Arboledas A, Acharya MM, Tenner AJ (2021) The role of complement in synaptic pruning and neurodegeneration. Immuno Targets Ther 10:373\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ITT.S305420","journal-title":"Immuno Targets Ther"},{"key":"5983_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.004","volume":"24","author":"EF Fang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fang EF, Kassahun H, Croteau DL, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Marosi K, Lu H, Shamanna RA, Kalyanasundaram S et al (2016) NAD(+) replenishment improves lifespan and health span in ataxia telangiectasia models via mitophagy and DNA repair. Cell Metab 24:566\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.004","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5983_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00440-9","volume":"16","author":"K Clayton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clayton K, Delpech JC, Herron S, Iwahara N, Ericsson M, Saito T, Saido TC, Ikezu S et al (2021) Plaque associated microglia hyper-secrete extracellular vesicles and accelerate tau propagation in a humanized APP mouse model. Mol Neurodegener 16:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-021-00440-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5983_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00058.2021","volume":"103","author":"JS Harrington","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK (2023) Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 103:2349\u20132422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00058.2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.815347","volume":"14","author":"S Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo S, Wang H, Yin Y (2022) Microglia polarization from M1 to M2 in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 14:815347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.815347","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01136.x","volume":"248","author":"N Joller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joller N, Peters A, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK (2012) Immune checkpoints in central nervous systema utoimmunity. Immunol Rev 248:122\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01136.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118669","volume":"192","author":"SZ Lashkajani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lashkajani SZ, Azad YS, Nami MT, Darzi A, Shokouhfar M, Faizabadi SN, Diansaei M, Aghazadeh-Habashi K et al (2025) Neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 192:118669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118669","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5983_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-741033","volume":"131","author":"B Rowshanravan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rowshanravan B, Halliday N, Sansom DM (2018) CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy. Blood 131:58\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2017-06-741033","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"5983_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603892113","volume":"113","author":"K Klocke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klocke K, Sakaguchi S, Holmdahl R, Wing K (2016) Induction of autoimmune disease by deletion of CTLA-4 in mice in adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E2383\u2013E2392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1603892113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5983_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12520","volume":"276","author":"M Das","year":"2017","unstructured":"Das M, Zhu C, Kuchroo VK (2017) Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev 276:97\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12520","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110418","volume":"121","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Zha J, Tang R, Chen G (2023) T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3): solving a key puzzle in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 121:110418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110418","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039622","volume":"103","author":"J Nie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie J, Qin X, Tao X, Huang J (2024) Exploring the molecular landscape of lymphocyte activation gene-3: a literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 103:e39622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000039622","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"5983_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.10.030","volume":"405","author":"G Manich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manich G, Recasens M, Valente T, Almolda B, Gonz\u00e1lez B, Castellano B (2019) Role of the CD200-CD200R axis during homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 405:118\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.10.030","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"5983_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03766-4","volume":"23","author":"G Xiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiang G, Cui Y, Wang P, Feng Y, Zhang C, Lou J, Zhou X (2025) Nanomedicine targeting the PD-1\/PD-L1 axis in autoimmune diseases: breaking conventional barriers to restore immune tolerance. J Nanobiotechnology 23:664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03766-4","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5983_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102718","volume":"15","author":"DC Ziogas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ziogas DC, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Foteinou D, Koumprentziotis IA, Xynos G, Gogas H (2023) Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibition: novel immune checkpoint molecules for melanoma treatment. Cancers (Basel) 15(10):2718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15102718","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"5983_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","volume":"615","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Firulyova M, Manis M, Herz J, Smirnov I, Aladyeva E, Wang C, Bao X et al (2023) Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy. Nature 615:668\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5983_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64503-x","volume":"16","author":"M Ohyagi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohyagi M, Ito M, Iizuka-Koga M, Mise-Omata S, Yoshimura A (2025) Stage-specific roles of clonally expanded CD8+ T cells inregulating amyloid pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. Nat Commun 16:9458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-64503-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf167","volume":"148","author":"C Rickenbach","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rickenbach C, Mallone A, H\u00e4usle L et al (2025) Altered T-cell reactivity in the early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 148:3364\u20133378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaf167","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5983_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681881","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1681881","volume":"19","author":"JD Oxendine","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oxendine JD, Sirkis DW, Jonson C, Yokoyama JS (2025) Single-nucleus RNA-seq reveals no increase in T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 19:1681881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1681881","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3827","volume":"41","author":"M Rezayi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rezayi M, Hosseini A (2023) Structure of PD1 and its mechanism in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 41:726\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.3827","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"5983_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.086100","volume":"20","author":"C Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu C, Wu C, Yu Wang F, Yu Yang H, Chang C-C, Chang C-R (2024) The population of high CTLA-4 expressing with CD56 positive T cell is diminished in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement 20:e086100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.086100","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"5983_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-091696","volume":"21","author":"M Saresella","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saresella M, Calabrese E, Marventano I, Piancone F, Gatti A, Calvo MG, Nemni R, Clerici M (2010) PD1 negative and PD1 positive CD4+ T regulatory cells in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 21:927\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-091696","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01569-z","volume":"24","author":"V Aggarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aggarwal V, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA (2023) LAG-3 as the third checkpoint inhibitor. Nat Immunol 24:1415\u20131422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-023-01569-z","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5983_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001014","volume":"8","author":"T Maruhashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maruhashi T, Sugiura D, Okazaki I-M, Okazaki T (2020) LAG-3: from molecular functions to clinical applications. J Immunother Cancer 8(2):e001014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2020-001014","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"5983_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3617::AID-IMMU3617>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"32","author":"VY Taraban","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taraban VY, Rowley TF, O'Brien L, Chan HT, Haswell LE, Green MH, Tutt AL, Glennie MJ et al (2002) Expression and co stimulatory effects of the TNF receptor superfamily members CD134 (OX40) and CD137 (4-1BB), and their role in the generation of anti-tumor immune responses. Eur J Immunol 32:3617\u20133627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3617::AID-IMMU3617>3.0.CO;2-M","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6451-9_5","volume":"684","author":"AD Weinberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinberg AD (2010) The role of OX40 (CD134) in T-cell memory generation. Adv Exp Med Biol 684:57\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-6451-9_5","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"5983_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162115","volume":"12","author":"V Saetzler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saetzler V, Riet T, Schienke A, Henschel P, Freitag K, Haake A, Heppner FL, Buitrago-Molina LE et al (2023) Development of beta-amyloid-specific CAR-Tregs for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cells 12(16):2115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12162115","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"5983_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2024.102426","volume":"105","author":"E Ram\u00edrez Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez Hern\u00e1ndez E, Hern\u00e1ndez Zimbr\u00f3n LF, Segura P\u00e9rez E, S\u00e1nchez Salgado JL, Pereyra Morales MA, Zenteno E (2024) Galectin-9 and Tim-3 are upregulated in response to microglial activation induced by the peptide Amyloid-\u03b2 (25-35). Neuropeptides 105:102426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2024.102426","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"5983_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2024-0090","volume":"36","author":"M Kostic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kostic M, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A, Basic J, Stojanovic I (2025) Dissecting the immune response of CD4(+) T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Rev Neurosci 36:139\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2024-0090","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233870","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1233870","volume":"14","author":"E Terrabuio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G (2023) The role of the CD8+ T cell compartment in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 14:1233870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1233870","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.12.001","volume":"57","author":"A Millet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Millet A, Ledo JH, Tavazoie SF (2024) An exhausted-like microglial population accumulates in agedand APOE4 genotype Alzheimer\u2019s brains. Immunity 57:153\u2013170.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.12.001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5983_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02250-8","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Wang H, Du Y, Guan J et al (2021) NAD(+) improves cognitive function and reduces neuroinflammation by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing ROS production in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models through Sirt1\/PGC-1\u03b1 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 18:207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02250-8","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190839","volume":"73","author":"NK Rogers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogers NK, Romero C, SanMart\u00edn CD, Ponce DP, Salech F, L\u00f3pez MN, Gleisner A, Tempio F et al (2020) Inverse relationship between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cancer: how immune checkpoints might explain the mechanisms underlying age-related diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 73:443\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190839","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5983_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02175-9","volume":"23","author":"MQ Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang MQ, Zhang SL, Sun L, Huang LT, Yu J, Zhang JH, Tian Y, Han CB et al (2024) Targeting mitochondria: restoring the antitumor efficacy of exhausted T cells. Mol Cancer 23:260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-024-02175-9","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"5983_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.125","volume":"18","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Barres BA (2018) Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 18:225\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2017.125","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45110540","volume":"45","author":"G Galizzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galizzi G, Di Carlo M (2023) Mitochondrial DNA and inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 45:8586\u20138606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb45110540","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5983_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220007","DOI":"10.20900\/immunometab20220007","volume":"4","author":"VA Boussiotis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boussiotis VA, Patsoukis N (2022) Effects of PD-1 signaling on immunometabolic reprogramming. Immunometabolism 4(2):e220007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20900\/immunometab20220007","journal-title":"Immunometabolism"},{"key":"5983_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.759015","volume":"11","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, He L, Fu Q, Hu J (2021) Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment with immunocytes and immune checkpoints. Front Oncol 11:759015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.759015","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"5983_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03254-w","volume":"21","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Li M, Li X, Feng Z, Luo G, Wang Y, Gao X (2024) Glutamine metabolism modulates microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activity through mitophagy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 21:261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03254-w","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01295-y","volume":"56","author":"S Chung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chung S, Jeong JH, Park JC, Han JW, Lee Y, Kim JI, Mook-Jung I (2024) Blockade of STING activation alleviates microglialdysfunction and a broad spectrum of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathologies. Exp Mol Med 56:1936\u20131951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01295-y","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"5983_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570428","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1570428","volume":"17","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhang C, Cao Q, Xuan W, Huai X, Zhou J, Tian J (2025) Bibliometric analysis of global research on PD-L1\/PD-1 pathway and neurodegenerative diseases over the last two decades (2004-2023). Front Aging Neurosci 17:1570428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1570428","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90633","volume":"13","author":"A Granzotto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Granzotto A, Vissel B, Sensi SL (2024) Lost in translation: Inconvenient truths on the utility of mouse models in Alzheimer\u2019s disease research. Elife 13:e90633","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"5983_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12465","volume":"10","author":"J Cummings","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummings J, Zhou Y, Lee G, Zhong K, Fonseca J, Cheng F (2024) Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development pipeline: 2024. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement (New York, N Y) 10:e12465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/trc2.12465","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement (New York, N Y)"},{"key":"5983_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.09.015","volume":"91","author":"Z Xing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xing Z, Zuo Z, Hu D, Zheng X, Wang X, Yuan L, Zhou L, Qi F et al (2021) Influenza vaccine combined with moderate-dose PD1 blockader educes amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation and improves cognition in APP\/PS1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 91:128\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.09.015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5983_CR224","first-page":"142","volume":"19","author":"S Mehrabadi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mehrabadi S (2026) The therapeutic potential of targeting the Pd-L1\/Pd-1 immune checkpoint pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Aging Sci 19:142\u2013148","journal-title":"Curr Aging Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0145-x","volume":"21","author":"A Deczkowska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deczkowska A, Amit I, Schwartz M (2018) Microglial immune checkpoint mechanisms. Nat Neurosci 21:779\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-018-0145-x","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03173-w","volume":"71","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Liu Z, Wen H, Guo Y, Xu F, Zhu Q, Yuan W, Luo R et al (2022) Immunosuppressive TREM2(+) macrophages are associated with undesirable prognosis and responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 71:2511\u20132522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-022-03173-w","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"12","key":"5983_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122030","volume":"17","author":"M Harrison-Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison-Brown M, Liu G-J, Banati R (2016) Checkpoints to the brain: directing myeloid cell migration to the central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 17(12):2030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17122030","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5983_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00630-2","volume":"4","author":"M Sarazin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarazin M, Lagarde J, El Haddad I, de Souza LC, Bellier B, Potier MC, Bottlaender M, Doroth\u00e9e G (2024) The path to next-generation disease-modifying immunomodulatory combination therapies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Aging 4:761\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-024-00630-2","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"5983_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rs.3.rs-6389488","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6389488\/v1","volume":"25","author":"OV Ifejeokwu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ifejeokwu OV, Do A, El Khatib SM, Ho NH, Zavala A, Othy S, Acharya MM (2025) Immune checkpoint inhibition perturbs neuro-immune homeostasis and impairs cognitive function. Res Sq 25:rs.3.rs-6389488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6389488\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"5983_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-024-00933-4","volume":"74","author":"NN Lasheen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lasheen NN, Allam S, Elgarawany A, Aswa DW, Mansour R, Farouk Z (2024) Limitations and potential strategies of immune checkpoint blockade in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. J Physiol Sci 74:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12576-024-00933-4","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5983_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061319","volume":"12","author":"S Stavropoulou De Lorenzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stavropoulou De Lorenzo S, Andravizou A, Alexopoulos H, Michailidou I, Bokas A, Kesidou E, Boziki MK, Parissis D et al (2024) Neurological immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Biomedicines 12(6):1319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12061319","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"5983_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227049","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1227049","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li H (2023) Neurological adverse events associated with PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Neurosci 17:1227049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1227049","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.017","volume":"58","author":"K-W Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song K-W, Lim M, Monje M (2025) Complex neural-immune interactions shape glioma immunotherapy. Immunity 58:1140\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5983_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","volume":"18","author":"B Engelhardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Engelhardt B, Vajkoczy P, Weller RO (2017) The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS. Nat Immunol 18:123\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3666","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","volume":"18","author":"I Galea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galea I (2021) The blood-brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 18:2489\u20132501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2021-0092","volume":"33","author":"S Mahdiabadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdiabadi S, Momtazmanesh S, Perry G, Rezaei N (2022) Immune modulations and immunotherapies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review. Rev Neurosci 33:365\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2021-0092","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR237","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"AL Fymat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fymat AL (2018) Harnessing the immune system to treat cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Res Neurol 1:1\u201314","journal-title":"Clin Res Neurol"},{"key":"5983_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0702-8","volume":"18","author":"R Duchnowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duchnowska R, P\u0119ksa R, Radecka B et al (2016) Immune response in breast cancer brain metastases and their microenvironment: the role of the PD-1\/PD-L axis. Breast Cancer Res 18:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0702-8","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5983_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.14744\/ejma.2023.94830","volume":"3","author":"A Aldemir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldemir A (2023) Navigating neurologic adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: challenges and strategies. Eurasian J Med Adv 3(3):88\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/ejma.2023.94830","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med Adv"},{"key":"5983_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polj\u0161ak B, Kova\u010d V, Milisav I (2022) Current uncertainties and future challenges regarding NAD+boosting strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 11(9):1637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11091637","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091637"},{"key":"5983_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22034","volume":"44","author":"X Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin X, Li H, Zhao H, Fang L, Wang X (2024) Enhancing healthy aging with small molecules: a mitochondrial perspective. Med Res Rev 44:1904\u20131922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/med.22034","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"5983_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-8659.2020.07","volume":"7","author":"GJ Harry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harry GJ, Childers G, Giridharan S, Hernandes IL (2020) An association between mitochondria and microglia effect or function. What do we think we know? Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 7:150\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/2347-8659.2020.07","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Visalli F, Capobianco M, Cappellani F, Rapisarda L, Spinello A, Avitabile A, Cannizzaro L, Gagliano C et al (2026) Mitochondrial health through nicotinamide riboside and berberine: shared pathways and therapeutic potential. Int J Mol Sci 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27010485","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010485"},{"key":"5983_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13172-8","volume":"10","author":"EF Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang EF, Hou Y, Lautrup S, Jensen MB, Yang B, SenGupta T, Caponio D, Khezri R et al (2019) NAD(+) augmentation restores mitophagy and accelerate daging in Werner syndrome. Nat Commun 10:5284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-13172-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13847","volume":"20","author":"Y Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou Y, Chu X, Park JH, Zhu Q, Hussain M, Li Z, Madsen HB, Yang B et al (2024) Urolithin A improves Alzheimer\u2019s disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions. Alzheimers Dement 20:4212\u20134233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13847","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"5983_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19547-6","volume":"11","author":"X Cen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cen X, Chen Y, Xu X, Wu R, He F, Zhao Q, Sun Q, Yi C et al (2020) Pharmacological targeting of MCL-1 promotes mitophagy and improves disease pathologies in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. Nat Commun 11:5731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19547-6","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5983_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10210-9","volume":"20","author":"DR Ashvin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ashvin DR, Kumari S, Sharma P, Vellingiri B, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D (2025) Unraveling the immune puzzle: role of immunomodulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Off J Soc NeuroImmune Pharmacol 20:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10210-9","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Off J Soc NeuroImmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"5983_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149803","volume":"11","author":"M Antoniou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antoniou M, Jorgensen AL, Kolamunnage-Dona R (2016) Biomarker-guided adaptive trial designs in phase II and Phase III: a methodological review. PLoS One 11:e0149803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149803","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5983_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giampietri L, Belli E, Beatino MF, Giannoni S, Palermo G, Campese N, Tognoni G, Siciliano G et al (2022) Fluid biomarkers in alzheimer\u2019s disease and otherneurodegenerative disorders: toward integrative diagnostic frameworks and tailored treatments. Diagnostics (Basel) 12(4):796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12040796","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040796"},{"key":"5983_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1601-6","volume":"16","author":"G Lepennetier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lepennetier G, Hracsko Z, Unger M, Van Griensven M, Grummel V, Krumbholz M, Berthele A, Hemmer B et al (2019) Cytokine and immune cell profiling in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuro-inflammatory diseases. J Neuroinflammation 16:219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1601-6","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5983_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gnoni ML (2024) Unveiling the Nexus of CD38 over activation, NAD+ depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction in immunological failure among virologically suppressed HIV patients. Nort Healthc Med J 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59541\/001c.118564","DOI":"10.59541\/001c.118564"},{"key":"5983_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02200-3","volume":"140","author":"AT Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen AT, Wang K, Hu G, Wang X, Miao Z, Azevedo JA, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM et al (2020) APOE and TREM2 regulate amyloid-responsive microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol 140:477\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-020-02200-3","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"5983_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.652111","volume":"15","author":"J Lutshumba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lutshumba J, Nikolajczyk BS, Bachstetter AD (2021) Dysregulation of systemic immunity in aging and dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 15:652111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.652111","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5983_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510632103","volume":"103","author":"AG Vlassenko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vlassenko AG, Rundle MM, Raichle ME, Mintun MA (2006) Regulation of blood flow in activated human brain by cytosolic NADH\/NAD+ ratio. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:1964\u20131969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0510632103","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5983_CR255","volume-title":"Rewired metabolism in APOE4 microglia: implications for inflammation and neurodegeneration","author":"NA Devanney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Devanney NA (2023) Rewired metabolism in APOE4 microglia: implications for inflammation and neurodegeneration. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky"},{"key":"5983_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105761","volume":"177","author":"M Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK (2024) Advances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a multifaceted review of potential therapies and diagnostic techniques for early detection. Neurochem Int 177:105761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105761","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"5983_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030369","volume":"13","author":"P Maszka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maszka P, Kwasniak-Butowska M, Cysewski D, Slawek J, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M (2023) Metabolomic footprint of disrupted energetics and amino acid metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: perspectives for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy. Metabolites 13(3):369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo13030369","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"3","key":"5983_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030607","volume":"23","author":"B Janssen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janssen B, Vugts DJ, Windhorst AD, Mach RH (2018) PET imaging of microglial activation-beyond targeting TSPO. Molecules 23(3):607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules23030607","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5983_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04254-9","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Miao Y, Tan J, Chen F, Lei P, Zhang Q (2023) Identification of mitochondrial related signature associated withimmune microenvironment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Transl Med 21:458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04254-9","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"5983_CR260","volume-title":"Understanding immune responses with single-cell RNA sequencing and CyTOF across different diseases and model organisms","author":"E Esaulova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esaulova E (2021) Understanding immune responses with single-cell RNA sequencing and CyTOF across different diseases and model organisms. Doctoral dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis"},{"key":"5983_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532_4882-1532_","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.212.supp.1532.4882","volume":"212","author":"D Denk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Denk D, Singh A, Kasler H, Gorol J, Verdin E, Greten F (2024) Impact of Urolithin A supplementation, a mitophagy activatoron mitochondrial health of immune cells (MitoIMMUNE) - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults. J Immunol 212:1532_4882-1532_4882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.212.supp.1532.4882","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5983_CR262","volume-title":"Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) in microglia","author":"MY Wendimu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wendimu MY (2022) Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) in microglia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia"},{"key":"5983_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-020-01968-x","volume":"98","author":"M Borggrewe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borggrewe M, Kooistra SM, Noelle RJ, Eggen BJL, Laman JD (2020) Exploring the VISTA of microglia: immune checkpoints in CNS inflammation. J Mol Med 98:1415\u20131430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-020-01968-x","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"5983_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y","volume":"20","author":"GC Terstappen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terstappen GC, Meyer AH, Bell RD, Zhang W (2021) Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 20:362\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"5983_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132369","volume":"271","author":"GT Bhutia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhutia GT, De AK, Bhowmik M, Bera T (2024) Shellac and locust bean gum coacervated curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticle ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 271:132369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132369","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5983_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2022v14i6.45818","volume":"14","author":"GT Bhutia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhutia GT, De AK, Bera T (2022) Validation, stability studies, and simultaneous estimation of co-encapsulated curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate nano formulation by RP-HPLC method. Int J Appl Pharm 14:186\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22159\/ijap.2022v14i6.45818","journal-title":"Int J Appl Pharm"},{"key":"5983_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rs.3.rs-8330519","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8330519\/v1","volume":"6","author":"E Verdin","year":"2026","unstructured":"Verdin E, Fang J, Riley R, Schneider K, Perrone R, Kumaar P, King C, Kauwe G et al (2026) CD38 inhibition ameliorates age-related cognitive decline via achoroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid-hippocampus axis. Res Sq 6:rs.3.rs-8330519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8330519\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"5983_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1596497","volume":"15","author":"EF Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang EF (2019) Mitophagy and NAD(+) inhibit Alzheimer disease. Autophagy 15:1112\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2019.1596497","journal-title":"Autophagy"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:07:58Z","timestamp":1782122878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":268,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05983-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known financial or personal conflicts of interest that could have influenced the content of this review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"712"}}