{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:00:18Z","timestamp":1781236818764,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan  Program","award":["202510366008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202510366008"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan  Program","award":["S202510366018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202510366018"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan  Program","award":["S202510366019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202510366019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31800997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["2021zhyx-B12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021zhyx-B12"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Universities of Anhui Province","award":["2022AH050783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH050783"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2308085MC83"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2308085MC83"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:38:55Z","timestamp":1781235535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Motor Cortex VIP Interneurons Participate in Dexmedetomidine-Associated Sleep Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5994_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.119","volume":"18","author":"CL Ebbesen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ebbesen CL, Brecht M (2017) Motor cortex \u2014 to act or not to act? Nat Rev Neurosci 18:694\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2017.119","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9402","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"CL Ebbesen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebbesen CL, Insanally MN, Kopec CD, Murakami M, Saiki A, Erlich JC (2018) More than just a \u201cmotor\u201d: recent surprises from the frontal cortex. J Neurosci 38:9402\u20139413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-18.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093066","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1093066","volume":"17","author":"C Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee C, C\u00f4t\u00e9 SL, Raman N, Chaudhary H, Mercado BC, Chen SX (2023) Whole-brain mapping of long-range inputs to the VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons in the primary motor cortex. Front Neural Circuits 17:1093066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncir.2023.1093066","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"5994_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3544","volume":"16","author":"S Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee S (2013) A disinhibitory circuit mediates motor integration in the somatosensory cortex. Nat Neurosci 16:1662\u20131670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3544","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3446","volume":"16","author":"CK Pfeffer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfeffer CK, Xue M, He M, Huang ZJ, Scanziani M (2013) Inhibition of inhibition in visual cortex: the logic of connections between molecularly distinct interneurons. Nat Neurosci 16:1068\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3446","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12676","volume":"503","author":"H-J Pi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pi H-J, Hangya B, Kvitsiani D, Sanders JI, Huang ZJ, Kepecs A (2013) Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control. Nature 503:521\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12676","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5994_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krabbe S, Paradiso E, D\u2019Aquin S, Bitterman Y, Xu C, Yonehara K, Markovic M, Gr\u00fcndemann J et al (2018) Adaptive disinhibitory gating by VIP interneurons permits associative learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/443614","DOI":"10.1101\/443614"},{"key":"5994_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.12.018","volume":"109","author":"C Gasselin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gasselin C, Hohl B, Vernet A, Crochet S, Petersen CCH (2021) Cell-type-specific nicotinic input disinhibits mouse barrel cortex during active sensing. Neuron 109:778\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.12.018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5994_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254126","volume":"345","author":"S Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang S, Xu M, Kamigaki T, HoangDo JP, Chang W-C, Jenvay S, Miyamichi K, Luo Lea et al (2014) Long-range and local circuits for top-down modulation of visual cortex processing. Science 345:660\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1254126","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5994_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4554","volume":"20","author":"T Kamigaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamigaki T, Dan Y (2017) Delay activity of specific prefrontal interneuron subtypes modulates memory-guided behavior. Nat Neurosci 20:854\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4554","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.004","volume":"17","author":"TH Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim TH, Zhang Y, Lecoq J, Jung JC, Li J, Zeng H, Niell CM, Schnitzer MJ (2016) Long-term optical access to an estimated one million neurons in the live mouse cortex. Cell Rep 17:3385\u20133394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.004","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5994_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.024","volume":"88","author":"JJ Letzkus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Letzkus JJ, Wolff SBE, L\u00fcthi A (2015) Disinhibition, a circuit mechanism for associative learning and memory. Neuron 88:264\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5994_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703121105","volume":"105","author":"M Vandecasteele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vandecasteele M, Glowinski J, Deniau J-M, Venance L (2008) Chemical transmission between dopaminergic neuron pairs. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:4904\u20134909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0703121105","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5994_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1419","volume":"8","author":"SJ Aton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aton SJ, Colwell CS, Harmar AJ, Waschek J, Herzog ED (2005) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates circadian rhythmicity and synchrony in mammalian clock neurons. Nat Neurosci 8:476\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1419","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.005","volume":"85","author":"M Mieda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mieda M, Ono D, Hasegawa E, Okamoto H, Honma K, Honma S, Sakurai T (2015) Cellular clocks in AVP neurons of the SCN are critical for interneuronal coupling regulating circadian behavior rhythm. Neuron 85:1103\u20131116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5994_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01690-3","volume":"11","author":"G Ang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ang G, Brown LA, Tam SKE, Davies KE, Foster RG, Harrison PJ, Sprengel R, Vyazovskiy VV et al (2021) Deletion of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit gene (Gria1) causes circadian rhythm disruption and aberrant responses to environmental cues. Transl Psychiatry 11:588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01690-3","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"5994_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6040","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4713-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"JK Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller JK, Granados-Fuentes D, Wang T, Marpegan L, Holy TE, Herzog ED (2014) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates circadian rhythms in mammalian olfactory bulb and olfaction. J Neurosci 34:6040\u20136046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4713-13.2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730417754162","volume":"33","author":"J Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng J, Huang X, Liang Y, Xue T, Wang L, Bao J (2018) Plasticity of light-induced concurrent glutamatergic and GABAergic quantal events in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Biol Rhythms 33:65\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748730417754162","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"5994_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24885-0","volume":"12","author":"MA Salehinejad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salehinejad MA, Wischnewski M, Ghanavati E, Mosayebi-Samani M, Kuo M-F, Nitsche MA (2021) Cognitive functions and underlying parameters of human brain physiology are associated with chronotype. Nat Commun 12:4672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-24885-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5994_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5007","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2074-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"DB Rubin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rubin DB, Hosman T, Kelemen JN, Kapitonava A, Willett FR, Coughlin BF, Halgren E, Kimchi Eea et al (2022) Learned motor patterns are replayed in human motor cortex during sleep. J Neurosci 42:5007\u20135020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2074-21.2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90744-3","volume":"2999","author":"R Virtanen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Virtanen R, Savola J-M, Saano V, Nyman L (1988) Characterization of the selectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an a2-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2999:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90744-3","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"5994_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-7094(12)70110-1","volume":"7094","author":"J Afonso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Afonso J, Reis F (2012) Dexmedetomidine: current role in anesthesia and intensive care. Braz J Anesthesiol 7094:118\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0034-7094(12)70110-1","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"5994_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1970-3453","volume":"56","author":"OG Bosch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bosch OG, Dornbierer DA, Bavato F, Quednow BB, Landolt H-P, Seifritz E (2023) Dexmedetomidine in psychiatry: Repurposing of its fast-acting anxiolytic, analgesic and sleep modulating properties. Pharmacopsychiatry 56:44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1970-3453","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"5994_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919032","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.919032","volume":"13","author":"W Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang W, Li H, Cheng Z, Lu Y, Li W, Feng J, Wang L, Cheng J (2022) Dex modulates the balance of water-electrolyte metabolism by depressing the expression of AVP in PVN. Front Pharmacol 13:919032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.919032","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5994_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01196","volume":"9","author":"Z-X Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng Z-X, Dong H, Qu W-M, Zhang W (2018) Oral delivered dexmedetomidine promotes and consolidates non-rapid eye movement sleep via sleep\u2013wake regulation systems in mice. Front Pharmacol 9:1196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.01196","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5994_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001325","volume":"125","author":"X-H Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu X-H, Cui F, Zhang C, Meng Z-T, Wang D-X, Ma J, Wang G-F, Zhu S-Nea, et al. (2016) Low-dose dexmedetomidine improves sleep quality pattern in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery in the intensive care unit. Anesthesiology 125:979\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001325","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"5994_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005361","volume":"132","author":"OA Moody","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moody OA, Zhang ER, Vincent KF, Kato R, Melonakos ED, Nehs CJ, Solt K (2021) The neural circuits underlying general anesthesia and sleep. Anesth Analg 132:1254\u20131264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005361","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"16","key":"5994_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30580-3","volume":"6736","author":"X Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su X, Meng Z-T, Wu X-H, Cui F, Li H-L, Wang D-X, Zhu X, Zhu S-Nea et al (2016) Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 6736(16):1893\u20131902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30580-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5994_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv202","volume":"25","author":"A Pr\u00f6nneke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pr\u00f6nneke A, Scheuer B, Wagener RJ, M\u00f6ck M, Witte M, Staiger JF (2015) Characterizing VIP neurons in the barrel cortex of VIPcre\/tdTomato mice reveals layer-specific differences. Cereb Cortex 25:4854\u20134868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhv202","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"5994_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389094","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1389094","volume":"18","author":"AR McFarlan","year":"2024","unstructured":"McFarlan AR, Guo C, Gomez I, Weinerman C, Liang TA, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m PJ (2024) The spike-timing-dependent plasticity of VIP interneurons in motor cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 18:1389094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1389094","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700293104","volume":"104","author":"BN Armbruster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Armbruster BN, Li X, Pausch MH, Herlitze S, Roth BL (2007) Evolving the lock to fit the key to create a family of G protein-coupled receptors potently activated by an inert ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:5163\u20135168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0700293104","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5994_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ko B, Bacon ME, Zaki Y, Cai DJ (2024) Chemotagging: a chemogenetic approach for identifying cell types with in vivo calcium imaging, BioRxiv Prepr. Serv Biol 2024.11.27.625756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.11.27.625756.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.27.625756"},{"key":"5994_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.040","volume":"89","author":"BL Roth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roth BL (2016) DREADDs for neuroscientists. Neuron 89:683\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.040","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5994_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.036","volume":"111","author":"J Veit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Veit J, Handy G, Mossing DP, Doiron B, Adesnik H (2023) Cortical VIP neurons locally control the gain but globally control the coherence of gamma band rhythms. Neuron 111:405\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5994_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu D, Stowie A, De Zavalia N, Leise T, Pathak SS, Drewes LR, Davidson AJ, Amir S, et al (2018) mTOR signaling in VIP neurons regulates circadian clock synchrony and olfaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1721578115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721578115"},{"key":"5994_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112628","volume":"42","author":"KM Goff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goff KM, Liebergall SR, Jiang E, Somarowthu A, Goldberg EM (2023) VIP interneuron impairment promotes in vivo circuit dysfunction and autism-related behaviors in dravet syndrome. Cell Rep 42:112628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112628","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5994_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1876-22.2023","volume":"43","author":"JH Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng JH, Schuman B, Rudy B, Wang X-J (2023) Mechanisms of dominant electrophysiological features of four subtypes of layer 1 interneurons. J Neurosci 43:3202\u20133218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1876-22.2023","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109638","volume":"238","author":"SM Thompson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson SM, Fabian CB, Ferranti AS, Joffe ME (2023) Acute alcohol and chronic drinking bidirectionally regulate the excitability of prefrontal cortex vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons. Neuropharmacology 238:109638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109638","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5994_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914231191016","volume":"15","author":"S Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan S, Cheng X, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang L, Cheng J (2023) The \u03b12 adrenoceptor agonist and sedative\/anaesthetic dexmedetomidine excites diverse neuronal types in the ventrolateral preoptic area of male mice. ASN Neuro 15:17590914231191016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17590914231191016","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"5994_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07430-9","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhao D, Shu Y, Jia X, Wang Y, Cheng X et al (2024) Dexmedetomidine accelerates photoentrainment and affects sleep structure through the activation of SCNVIP neurons. Commun Biol 7:1707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-024-07430-9","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"5994_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04221-w","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li J, Li Y, Wang W, Wang D, Ding J, Wang L, Cheng J (2024) Dexmedetomidine promotes NREM sleep by depressing oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in mice. Neurochem Res 49:2926\u20132939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-024-04221-w","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"5994_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7","volume":"56","author":"MAS Weerink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weerink MAS, Struys MMRF, Hannivoort LN, Barends CRM, Absalom AR, Colin P (2017) Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 56:893\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"5994_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00894-6","volume":"24","author":"LB Krone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krone LB, Yamagata T, Blanco-Duque C, Guillaumin MCC, Kahn MC, Van Der Vinne V, McKillop LE, Tam Sea et al (2021) A role for the cortex in sleep\u2013wake regulation. Nat Neurosci 24:1210\u20131215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-021-00894-6","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.12.015","volume":"26","author":"MM Karnani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karnani MM, Agetsuma M, Yuste R (2014) A blanket of inhibition: functional inferences from dense inhibitory connectivity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 26:96\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2013.12.015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"5994_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000515264","volume":"43","author":"KM Goff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goff KM, Goldberg EM (2021) A role for vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Neurosci 43:168\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000515264","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"5994_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.050","volume":"156","author":"Y Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu Y, Tucciarone JM, Espinosa JS, Sheng N, Darcy DP, Nicoll RA, Huang ZJ, Stryker MP (2014) A cortical circuit for gain control by behavioral state. Cell 156:1139\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.050","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5994_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19773","volume":"538","author":"F Weber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weber F, Dan Y (2016) Circuit-based interrogation of sleep control. Nature 538:51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature19773","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5994_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.05.002","volume":"23","author":"P Franken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franken P (2013) A role for clock genes in sleep homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 23:864\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2013.05.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"5994_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00024","volume":"98","author":"LE Nelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nelson LE, Lu J, Guo T, Saper CB, Franks NP, Maze M (2003) The \u03b12-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converges on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects. Anesthesiology 98:428\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00024","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"5994_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808281","volume":"363","author":"EN Brown","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND (2010) General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. N Engl J Med 363:2638\u20132650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0808281","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5994_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14979","volume":"526","author":"F Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber F, Chung S, Beier KT, Xu M, Luo L, Dan Y (2015) Control of REM sleep by ventral medulla GABAergic neurons. Nature 526:435\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5994_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang L, Yang F, Xi W (2020) Neural circuits for sleep\u2013wake regulation. In: Wang H (ed) Neural circuits innate behav. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 91\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-7086-5_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7086-5_8"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:38:59Z","timestamp":1781235539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-05994-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Management Office of Laboratory Animals of Anhui Medical University and complied with all relevant ethical guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care Unit Committee of Anhui Medical University, with project number LLSC20190763.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"693"}}