{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:13:20Z","timestamp":1783487600350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Plan Project Basic Research Special - Key Project","award":["202401AS070050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AS070050"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202407AB110020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Plan Project Basic Research Project","award":["202401AU070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AU070254"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Scientific Research Project of \u201ckey support and characteristic discipline of Yunnan first-class discipline--traditional Chinese Medicine\u201d","award":["ZYXYB202410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYXYB202410"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Talent Project","award":["30170106944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30170106944"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:08:02Z","timestamp":1783480082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Total Saponins of Panax Notoginseng Leaves Modulate the \"Microglial-NLRP3\/Caspase-1\" Axis associated with Gut Microbial\/SCFAs Alterations: Correlative Insights into Cognitive Improvement in Senescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"LV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongshan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01663-1","volume":"22","author":"YM Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li YM, Tian XT, Luo JY, Bao TT, Wang SJ, Wu X (2024) Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies. Cell Commun Signal 22(1):285","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"6019_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102141","volume":"93","author":"LS Melo Dos Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melo Dos Santos LS, Trombetta-Lima M, Eggen B, Demaria M (2024) Cellular senescence in brain aging and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 93:102141","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000354370","volume":"3","author":"A Ward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ward A, Tardiff S, Dye C, Arrighi HM (2013) Rate of conversion from prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease to Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a systematic review of the literature. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 3(1):320\u2013332","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"issue":"2","key":"6019_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10730-022-09499-3","volume":"36","author":"C Farrelly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farrelly C (2024) Aging, equality and the human healthspan. HEC Forum 36(2):187\u2013205","journal-title":"HEC Forum"},{"issue":"9","key":"6019_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.104093","volume":"29","author":"A Cordeiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cordeiro A, Gomes C, Bicker J, Fortuna A (2024) Aging and cognitive resilience: molecular mechanisms as new potential therapeutic targets. Drug Discov Today 29(9):104093","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"01","key":"6019_CR6","first-page":"81","volume":"58","author":"LT He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He LT, Li O, Xu J, Sha ZW (2024) Study on the regulation of inflammatory response in hippocampal microglia in a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment. Shanghai J Tradit Chin Med 58(01):81\u201388","journal-title":"Shanghai J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"6019_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.02.004","volume":"22","author":"XF Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao XF, Liao Y, Morgan S, Mathur R, Feustel P, Mazurkiewicz J, Qian J, Chang J, et al. (2018) Noninflammatory changes of microglia are sufficient to cause epilepsy. Cell Rep 22(8):2080\u20132093","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"6019_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570711","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.570711","volume":"11","author":"KL Hanslik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanslik KL, Ulland TK (2020) The role of microglia and the Nlrp3 inflammasome in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Neurol 11:570711","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"6019_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","volume":"20","author":"N Kelley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kelley N, Jeltema D, Duan YH, He Y (2019) The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation. Int J Mol Sci 20(13):3328","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6019_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.05.066","volume":"332","author":"JW Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu JW, Dong HQ, Qian QQ, Zhang X, Wang YW, Jin WJ, Qian YN (2017) Astrocyte-derived CCL2 participates in surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation via evoking microglia activation. Behav Brain Res 332:145\u2013153","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6019_CR11","first-page":"2006","volume":"21","author":"CT Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang CT, Wu WF, Deng YH, Ge JW (2020) Modulators of microglia activation and polarization in ischemic stroke. Mol Med Rep 21(5):2006\u20132018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"6019_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2022.04.005","volume":"167","author":"S Moturi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moturi S, Ghosh-Choudhary SK, Finkel T (2022) Cardiovascular disease and the biology of aging. J Mol Cell Cardiol 167:109\u2013117","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6019_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020690","volume":"13","author":"U Shabbir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shabbir U, Arshad MS, Sameen A, Oh DH (2021) Crosstalk between gut and brain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the role of gut microbiota modulation strategies. Nutrients 13(2):690","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6019_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1047121","volume":"13","author":"J Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao J, Zhou N, Lu MN, Wang Q, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhou MM, Xu Y (2023) Effects of electroacupuncture on urinary metabolome and microbiota in presenilin1\/2 conditional double knockout mice. Front Microbiol 13:1047121","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"6019_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105476","volume":"103","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Fayyaz S, Zhao D, Yi ZY, Huang JH, Zhou RR, Xie J, Liu PA et al (2023) Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides improve cognitive function in D-galactose-induced aging mice by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Func Foods 103:105476","journal-title":"J Func Foods"},{"key":"6019_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.014","volume":"52","author":"T Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Yang SQ, Liu XY, Li YX, Gu ZL, Jiang ZQ (2023) Dietary neoagarotetraose extends lifespan and impedes brain aging in mice via regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Adv Res 52:119\u2013134","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6019_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2272769","volume":"65","author":"BB Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo BB, Zhang JY, Zhang WH, Chen F, Liu B (2025) Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut-brain axis targeting age-related neurodegenerative disorders: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 65(2):265\u2013286","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"6019_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26377","volume":"10","author":"ZW Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan ZW, Tang XQ, Lu M, Hu ZP, Tang ZC (2024) The role of short-chain fatty acids in central nervous system diseases: A bibliometric and visualized analysis with future directions. Heliyon 10(4):e26377","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"6019_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200306","volume":"78","author":"M Marizzoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marizzoni M, Cattaneo A, Mirabelli P, Festari C, Lopizzo N, Nicolosi V, Mombelli E, Mazzelli M, et al. (2020) Short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide as mediators between gut dysbiosis and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 78(2):683\u2013697","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"6019_CR20","first-page":"179","volume":"34","author":"GH Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin GH, Jing X, Wang W, Hu JX, Liu M (2020) Toxicological safety evaluation of Panax notoginseng stems and leaves. J Toxicol 34(02):179\u2013181","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"issue":"01","key":"6019_CR21","first-page":"57","volume":"41","author":"PP Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi PP, Pan J, Li H, Liu XW, Jin PC, Wu XY, Tian H (2022) Research progress on the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng. J Pharm Res 41(01):57\u201363","journal-title":"J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"6019_CR22","first-page":"391","volume":"45","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu K, Zhang JH, Li X, Yang LS (2024) Panax notoginseng leaf saponins modulate the protective effect of miR-204 on hippocampal neurons in rats with epilepsy. Med J Wuhan Univ 45(04):391\u2013397","journal-title":"Med J Wuhan Univ"},{"issue":"11","key":"6019_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01127","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1127","volume":"8","author":"HL Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang HL, Chen ZM, Zhong ZY, Gong WF, Li J (2018) Total saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng inhibit depression on mouse chronic unpredictable mild stress model by regulating circRNA expression. Brain Behav 8(11):e01127","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"04","key":"6019_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X25500430","volume":"53","author":"Y Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren Y, Sun Y, Sun L et al (2025) Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Leaves Alleviate Vascular Dementia via the Gut-Brain Axis[J]. American J Chinese Med 53(04):1155\u20131179","journal-title":"American J Chinese Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"6019_CR25","first-page":"146","volume":"38","author":"XN Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou XN, Zhang YK, Chen ZQ, Xiao J, Cao Y, Liu XJ (2022) Repair effect of astaxanthin on oxidative damage in kidney and heart tissue of D-galactose-induced aging rats. Mod Food Sci Technol 38(12):146\u2013153","journal-title":"Mod Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"01","key":"6019_CR26","first-page":"33","volume":"35","author":"BW Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang BW, Fan YL, Chen DM, Zhao RC, Mao KY (2023) Trends in the biology of aging in 2022. Chin Bull Life Sci 35(01):33\u201341","journal-title":"Chin Bull Life Sci"},{"key":"6019_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101784","volume":"56","author":"VM Loaiza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loaiza VM (2024) An overview of the hallmarks of cognitive aging. Curr Opin Psychol 56:101784","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103106","volume":"56","author":"SG Aguilar-Navarro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aguilar-Navarro SG, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Yeverino-Castro SG, Caicedo-Correa S, Cano-Guti\u00e9rrez C (2025) Cognitive Frailty and Aging: Clinical Characteristics, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Potential Prevention Strategies. Arch Med Res 56(1):103106","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"6019_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.319951","volume":"130","author":"NS Rost","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, Hinman JD, Dichgans M (2022) Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Circ Res 130:1252\u20131271","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"6019_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2024.06.001","volume":"58","author":"CG Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo CG, Shao WJ, Li FY, Tan XF, Xie YM (2024) Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exercise therapy intervention on the cognitive function in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 58:352\u2013360","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"6019_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28581","volume":"10","author":"SS Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu SS, Wang M, Xiao HY, Ye JX, Cao L, Li WL, Sun GB (2024) Advancements in research on the effects of Panax notoginseng saponin constituents in ameliorating learning and memory disorders. Heliyon 10(7):e28581","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"6019_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112295","volume":"135","author":"W Dar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dar W (2024) Aspartame-induced cognitive dysfunction: unveiling role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and molecular remediation. Int Immunopharmacol 135:112295","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10165-3","volume":"20","author":"YX Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo YX, Zhao JL, Liu X, Lu P, Liang FR, Wang XY, Wu J, Hai Y (2025) Ghrelin induces ferroptosis resistance and M2 polarization of microglia to alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 20(1):6","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6019_CR34","first-page":"1746","volume":"44","author":"LM Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv LM, Chen SX (2024) The role of microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Basic Clin Med 44(12):1746\u20131750","journal-title":"Basic Clin Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"6019_CR35","first-page":"603","volume":"55","author":"Y Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang Y, Mageta SM, Ni L, Bowen B, Tang YQ, Li HJ, Qian CG (2024) Research progress on the regulation of microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J China Pharm Univ 55(05):603\u2013612","journal-title":"J China Pharm Univ"},{"key":"6019_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109725","volume":"116","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen G (2023) Microglial pyroptosis in hippocampus mediates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice via ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 116:109725","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02791-0","volume":"20","author":"JM Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li JM, Hu T, Zhou XN, Zhang T, Guo JH, Wang MY, Su W, Jiang C (2023) The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in CUMS-induced AD-like pathological changes and related cognitive decline in mice. J Neuroinflammation 20(1):112","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"01","key":"6019_CR38","first-page":"113","volume":"40","author":"PF Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang PF, Yu CZ, Yu JY, Yang L (2022) Research progress on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system diseases. Chin J Clin Anat 40(01):113\u2013116","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Anat"},{"issue":"02","key":"6019_CR39","first-page":"316","volume":"39","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Lin L, Liu GY, Liu JX, Li T (2014) Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of ginsenosidesafter administration of Sailuotong. Chin J Chin Mater Med 39(02):316\u2013321","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mater Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6019_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00072","volume":"10","author":"YM Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu YM, Liu NH, Liu YJ, He HY, Luo Z, Liu WJ, Song N, Ju MJ (2022) Ginsenoside Rb1 Reduces D-GalN\/LPS-induced acute liver injury by regulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. J Clin Transl Hepato 10(3):474\u2013485","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepato"},{"issue":"17","key":"6019_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179673","volume":"25","author":"D Kwon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kwon D, Kim D, Cho SH (2024) Antidepressant effects of ginsenoside Rc on l-alpha-aminoadipic acid-induced astrocytic ablation and neuroinflammation in mice. Int J Mol Sci 25(17):9673","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6019_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12337","volume":"24","author":"I Madhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madhi I, Kim J, Shin JE, Kim Y (2021) Ginsenoside Re exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation via CAMK\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling in microglia. Mol Med Rep 24(4):698","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"6019_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122413","volume":"339","author":"J Go","year":"2024","unstructured":"Go J, Maeng SY, Chang DH, Park HY, Min KS, Kim JE, Choi YK, Noh JR et al (2024) Agathobaculum butyriciproducens improves ageing-associated cognitive impairment in mice. Life Sci 339:122413","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"6019_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106687","volume":"189","author":"JL Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma JL, Liu ZK, Gao XX, Bao YY, Hong Y, He XF, Zhu WZ, Li Y et al (2023) Gut microbiota remodeling improves natural aging-related disorders through Akkermansia muciniphila and its derived acetic acid. Pharmacol Res 189:106687","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"6019_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9873","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03691-3","volume":"61","author":"I Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan I, Issac PK, Rahman MM, Guru A, Arockiaraj J (2024) Gut-brain axis a key player to control gut dysbiosis in neurological diseases. Mol Neurobiol 61(12):9873\u20139891","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"6019_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155942","volume":"133","author":"LS Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du LS, Chen J, Yan JY, Xie HW, Wang LX, Wang RJ, Han XF, Wang YD (2024) Lingguizhugan decoction ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD-like mice by influencing the microbiome-gut-brain axis mediated by SCFAs. Phytomedicine 133:155942","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010138","volume":"17","author":"XG Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu XG, Yang HJ, Ryu MS, Jung SJ, Ha K, Jeong DY, Park S (2024) Association of mucin-degrading gut microbiota and dietary patterns with colonic transit time in constipation: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients 17(1):138","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"08","key":"6019_CR48","first-page":"126","volume":"39","author":"SS Sha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sha SS, Dong SR, Yang YJ (2023) Research progress in gut microbiota and metabolites regulating hostIntestinal immunity. Abiotech 39(08):126\u2013136","journal-title":"Abiotech"},{"issue":"3","key":"6019_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v16.i3.107823","volume":"16","author":"G Marano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marano G, Anesini MB, Milintenda M (2025) Acanfora M, D\u2019Abate C, Lisci FM, Pirona I, Traversi G, Pola R, Gaetani E, Mazza M, Discovering a new paradigm: Gut microbiota as a central modulator of sexual health. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 16(3):107823","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol"},{"key":"6019_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010109","volume":"17","author":"MT Saarinen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saarinen MT, Forssten SD, Evans K, Airaksinen K, Telving R, Hornsh\u00f8j BH, Jensen HM, Jokkala J et al (2025) Effects of betaine and polydextrose on intestinal microbiota and liver ergothioneine in a high-fat diet-fed mouse model and a human colonic simulation model. Nutrients 17:109","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6019_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-74","volume":"9","author":"A El-Ansary","year":"2012","unstructured":"El-Ansary A, Bacha AB, Kotb M (2012) Etiology of autistic features: the persisting neurotoxic effects of propionic acid. J Neuroinflammation. 9:74","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"issue":"9","key":"6019_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.07.009","volume":"22","author":"MA Vinolo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Hatanaka E, Sato FT, Sampaio SC, Curi R (2011) Suppressive effect of short-chain fatty acids on production of proinflammatory mediators by neutrophils. J Nutr Biochem. 22(9):849\u2013855","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"6019_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.10.005","volume":"217","author":"DF MacFabe","year":"2011","unstructured":"MacFabe DF, Cain NE, Boon F, Ossenkopp KP, Cain DP (2011) Effects of the enteric bacterial metabolic product propionic acid on object-directed behavior, social behavior, cognition, and neuroinflammation in adolescent rats: Relevance to autism spectrum disorder. Behav Brain Res 217(1):47\u201354","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"6019_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.07.007","volume":"1801","author":"SH Al-Lahham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Lahham SH, Peppelenbosch MP, Roelofsen H, Vonk RJ, Venema K (2010) Biological effects of propionic acid in humans; metabolism, potential applications and underlying mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801(11):1175\u20131183","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:15:12Z","timestamp":1783484112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06019-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal studies were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (National Institutes of Health, 2011), and approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Review Committee of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YNUTCM-XMSS-G-20240012), Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"749"}}