{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:47:54Z","timestamp":1782355674096,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202303021222350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202303021222350"]}]},{"name":"the Shanxi Key Laboratory of Neurobehavior and Brain Disease Control","award":["202504010931047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202504010931047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:11:52Z","timestamp":1782353512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epigenetic Dysregulation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway via FTO-m6A in the mPFC Contributes to Autism-Like Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Liting","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaLu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jionglu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahadullah, null, Yau, S-Y, Lu H-X, Lee TMC, Guo H, Chan CCH, (2021) PM2.5 as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder: Its possible link to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 128 534\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.043"},{"key":"6020_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-00986-8","volume":"46","author":"A Assali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Assali A, Cho JY, Tsvetkov E, Gupta AR, Cowan CW (2021) Sex-dependent role for EPHB2 in brain development and autism-associated behavior. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 46:2021\u20132029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-00986-8","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6020_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp335","volume":"37","author":"TL Bailey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bailey TL, Boden M, Buske FA, Frith M, Grant CE, Clementi L, Ren J, Li WW, et al. (2009) MEME SUITE: tools for motif discovery and searching. Nucleic Acids Res 37:W202-208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkp335","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"6020_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68578-2","volume":"14","author":"W Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai W, Forsell Y, Lavebratt C, Melas PA (2024) Examining the association between the FTO gene and neuroticism reveals indirect effects on subjective well-being and problematic alcohol use. Sci Rep 14:17566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-68578-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6020_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","volume":"34","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J (2018) fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinforma Oxf Engl 34:i884\u2013i890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","journal-title":"Bioinforma Oxf Engl"},{"key":"6020_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36250","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36250","volume":"6","author":"CS Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi CS, Gonzales EL, Kim KC, Yang SM, Kim J-W, Mabunga DF, Cheong JH, Han S-H, et al. (2016) The transgenerational inheritance of autism-like phenotypes in mice exposed to valproic acid during pregnancy. Sci Rep 6:36250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep36250","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6020_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14040437","volume":"14","author":"AB Csoka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Csoka AB, El Kouhen N, Bennani S, Getachew B, Aschner M, Tizabi Y (2024) Roles of epigenetics and glial cells in drug-induced autism spectrum disorder. Biomolecules 14:437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14040437","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"6020_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.12.013","volume":"192","author":"LC Dang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dang LC, Samanez-Larkin GR, Smith CT, Castrellon JJ, Perkins SF, Cowan RL, Claassen DO, Zald DH (2018) FTO affects food cravings and interacts with age to influence age-related decline in food cravings. Physiol Behav 192:188\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.12.013","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"6020_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddw131","volume":"25","author":"F Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong F, Jiang J, McSweeney C, Zou D, Liu L, Mao Y (2016) Deletion of CTNNB1 in inhibitory circuitry contributes to autism-associated behavioral defects. Hum Mol Genet 25:2738\u20132751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddw131","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"6020_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3724","volume":"15","author":"Y Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu Y, Dominissini D, Rechavi G, He C (2014) Gene expression regulation mediated through reversible m6A RNA methylation. Nat Rev Genet 15:293\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg3724","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"6020_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014005","volume":"5","author":"X Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao X, Shin Y-H, Li M, Wang F, Tong Q, Zhang P (2010) The fat mass and obesity associated gene FTO functions in the brain to regulate postnatal growth in mice. PLoS ONE 5:e14005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0014005","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6020_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110165","volume":"27","author":"J Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge J, Ren P, Tian B, Li J, Qi C, Huang Q, Ren K, Hu E et al (2024) Ventral zona incerta parvalbumin neurons modulate sensory-induced and stress-induced self-grooming via input-dependent mechanisms in mice. iScience 27:110165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110165","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"6020_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04461-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Geng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geng Y, Long X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, You G, Guo W, Zhuang G, Zhang Y et al (2023) FTO-targeted siRNA delivery by MSC-derived exosomes synergistically alleviates dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson\u2019s disease via m6A-dependent regulation of ATM mRNA. J Transl Med 21:652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04461-4","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"6020_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151710","volume":"318","author":"T Gerken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerken T, Girard CA, Tung Y-CL, Webby CJ, Saudek V, Hewitson KS, Yeo GSH, McDonough MA et al (2007) The obesity-associated FTO gene encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylase. Science 318:1469\u20131472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1151710","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6020_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hannon E, Schendel D, Ladd-Acosta C, Grove J, iPSYCH-Broad ASD Group, Hansen CS, Andrews SV, Hougaard DM, et al (2018) Elevated polygenic burden for autism is associated with differential DNA methylation at birth. Genome Med. 10, 19.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-018-0527-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0527-4"},{"key":"6020_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.05.004","volume":"38","author":"S Heinz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heinz S, Benner C, Spann N, Bertolino E, Lin YC, Laslo P, Cheng JX, Murre C et al (2010) Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities. Mol Cell 38:576\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.05.004","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"6020_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hess ME, Hess S, Meyer KD, Verhagen LAW, Koch L, Br\u00f6nneke HS, Dietrich MO, Jordan SD et al (2013) The fat mass and obesity associated gene (Fto) regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry. Nat Neurosci 16 1042\u20131048https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3449","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3449"},{"key":"6020_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01114-6","volume":"44","author":"T Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia T, Chen J, Wang Y, Xiao C, Zhou C-Y (2023) A subthalamo-parabrachial glutamatergic pathway is involved in stress-induced self-grooming in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 44:2169\u20132183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-023-01114-6","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"6020_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01179-y","volume":"8","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Liu Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Feng L, Duan M, Liu Y, Xu L (2022) Sevoflurane induces microRNA-18a to delay rat neurodevelopment via suppression of the RUNX1\/Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin axis. Cell Death Discov 8:404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-022-01179-y","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"6020_CR20","first-page":"100","volume":"35","author":"L Kanner","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kanner L (1968) Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Acta Paedopsychiatr 35:100\u2013136","journal-title":"Acta Paedopsychiatr"},{"key":"6020_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44403","volume":"123","author":"E Karra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karra E, O\u2019Daly OG, Choudhury AI, Yousseif A, Millership S, Neary MT, Scott WR, Chandarana K et al (2013) A link between FTO, ghrelin, and impaired brain food-cue responsivity. J Clin Invest 123:3539\u20133551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI44403","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6020_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","volume":"12","author":"D Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL (2015) HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat Methods 12:357\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.3317","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"6020_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.03.009","volume":"152","author":"WK Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim WK, Byun WS, Chung H-J, Oh J, Park HJ, Choi JS, Lee SK (2018) Esculetin suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by targeting Axin2\/E-cadherin axis in colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 152:71\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.03.009","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"6020_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5922","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115922","volume":"23","author":"C Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei C, Wang Q (2022) The Progression of N6-methyladenosine Study and Its Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 23:5922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23115922","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6020_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx128","volume":"26","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Zang L, Zhang F, Chen J, Shen H, Shu L, Liang F, Feng C et al (2017) Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein regulates adult neurogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 26:2398\u20132411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddx128","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"6020_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.11.017","volume":"31","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Z, Weng H, Su R, Weng X, Zuo Z, Li C, Huang H, Nachtergaele S et al (2017) FTO Plays an Oncogenic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia as a N6-Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase. Cancer Cell 31:127\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.11.017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"6020_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109512","volume":"123","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S, Song S, Wang S, Cai T, Qin L, Wang X, Zhu G, Wang H et al (2024) Hypothalamic FTO promotes high-fat diet-induced leptin resistance in mice through increasing CX3CL1 expression. J Nutr Biochem 123:109512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109512","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"6020_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0244-z","volume":"21","author":"I Livneh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Livneh I, Moshitch-Moshkovitz S, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Dominissini D (2020) The m6A epitranscriptome: transcriptome plasticity in brain development and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 21:36\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-019-0244-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"6020_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01541-5","volume":"399","author":"C Lord","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lord C, Charman T, Havdahl A, Carbone P, Anagnostou E, Boyd B, Carr T, de Vries PJ et al (2022) The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. Lancet Lond Engl 399:271\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01541-5","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"6020_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88595","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.88595","volume":"12","author":"JE Markowitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Markowitz JE (2023) A groom with a view. Elife 12:e88595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.88595","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"6020_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqx029","volume":"107","author":"SJ Melhorn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melhorn SJ, Askren MK, Chung WK, Kratz M, Bosch TA, Tyagi V, Webb MF, De Leon MRB et al (2018) FTO genotype impacts food intake and corticolimbic activation. Am J Clin Nutr 107:145\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqx029","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6020_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.06.008","volume":"69","author":"J Meng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meng J, Lu Z, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang S, Chen Y, Rao MK, Huang Y (2014) A protocol for RNA methylation differential analysis with MeRIP-Seq data and exomePeak R\/Bioconductor package. Methods San Diego Calif 69:274\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.06.008","journal-title":"Methods San Diego Calif"},{"key":"6020_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.003","volume":"149","author":"KD Meyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer KD, Saletore Y, Zumbo P, Elemento O, Mason CE, Jaffrey SR (2012) Comprehensive analysis of mRNA methylation reveals enrichment in 3\u2019 UTRs and near stop codons. Cell 149:1635\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6020_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00060","volume":"13","author":"A Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra A, Prabha PK, Singla R, Kaur G, Sharma AR, Joshi R, Suroy B, Medhi B (2022) Epigenetic Interface of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs): Implications of Chromosome 15q11-q13 Segment. ACS Chem Neurosci 13:1684\u20131696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00060","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"6020_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111600","volume":"10","author":"TM Mizuno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mizuno TM (2018) Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Nutrients 10:1600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111600","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6020_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101420","volume":"13","author":"ME Morales-Mar\u00edn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morales-Mar\u00edn ME, Castro Mart\u00ednez XH, Centeno Cruz F, Barajas-Olmos F, N\u00e1fate L\u00f3pez O, G\u00f3mez Cotero AG, Orozco L, Nicolini S\u00e1nchez H (2023) Differential DNA methylation from autistic children enriches evidence for genes associated with asd and new candidate genes. Brain Sci 13:1420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13101420","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"6020_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16203-x","volume":"11","author":"M-D Mu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mu M-D, Geng H-Y, Rong K-L, Peng R-C, Wang S-T, Geng L-T, Qian Z-M, Yung W-H et al (2020) A limbic circuitry involved in emotional stress-induced grooming. Nat Commun 11:2261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16203-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6020_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289068","volume":"18","author":"P Ni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ni P, Pan K, Zhao B (2023) Influence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on cell phenotype in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE 18:e0289068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289068","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6020_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416667270","volume":"23","author":"R Noelanders","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noelanders R, Vleminckx K (2017) How Wnt Signaling Builds the Brain: Bridging Development and Disease. Neurosci Rev J Bringing Neurobiol Neurol Psychiatry 23:314\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858416667270","journal-title":"Neurosci Rev J Bringing Neurobiol Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6020_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02407-4","volume":"13","author":"S Perini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perini S, Filosi M, Network IA, Domenici E (2023) Candidate biomarkers from the integration of methylation and gene expression in discordant autistic sibling pairs. Transl Psychiatry 13:109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02407-4","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"6020_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2016.06.004","volume":"75","author":"L Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin L, Dai X, Yin Y (2016) Valproic acid exposure sequentially activates Wnt and mTOR pathways in rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 75:27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcn.2016.06.004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"6020_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01212-1","volume":"47","author":"L Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin L, Ma K, Yan Z (2022) Rescue of histone hypoacetylation and social deficits by ketogenic diet in a Shank3 mouse model of autism. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 47:1271\u20131279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01212-1","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6020_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev176073","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.176073","volume":"146","author":"D Routledge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Routledge D, Scholpp S (2019) Mechanisms of intercellular Wnt transport. Dev Camb Engl 146:dev176073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.176073","journal-title":"Dev Camb Engl"},{"key":"6020_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.037","volume":"27","author":"J Ruud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruud J, Alber J, Tokarska A, Engstr\u00f6m Ruud L, Nolte H, Biglari N, Lippert R, Lautenschlager \u00c4 et al (2019) The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) regulates locomotor responses to novelty via D2R medium spiny neurons. Cell Rep 27:3182-3198.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.037","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"6020_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S, F.D., Se, R.S., El, P., A, E., Ml, T., Bnr, C., Aj, W., Mw, S., Vs, S., Jlr, R., (2020) Enhancing WNT Signaling Restores Cortical Neuronal Spine Maturation and Synaptogenesis in Tbr1 Mutants. Cell Rep. 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.059"},{"key":"6020_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14070649","volume":"14","author":"S Sahay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sahay S, Hamoud A-R, Osman M, Pulvender P, McCullumsmith RE (2024) Expression of WNT Signaling Genes in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 14:649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14070649","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"6020_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1746266","volume":"15","author":"A Serafino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serafino A, Giovannini D, Rossi S, Cozzolino M (2020) Targeting the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: recent approaches and current challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 15:803\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17460441.2020.1746266","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"6020_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.01.003","volume":"12","author":"D Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen D, Wang B, Gao Y, Zhao L, Bi Y, Zhang J, Wang N, Kang H et al (2022) Detailed resume of RNA m6A demethylases. Acta Pharm Sin B 12:2193\u20132205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.01.003","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"6020_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siu MT, Butcher DT, Turinsky AL, Cytrynbaum C, Stavropoulos DJ, Walker S, Caluseriu O, Carter M et al (2019) Functional DNA methylation signatures for autism spectrum disorder genomic risk loci: 16p11.2 deletions and CHD8 variants. Clin Epigenetics 11 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-019-0684-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0684-3"},{"key":"6020_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23236","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23236","volume":"37","author":"X Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song X, Hu Q, Xu X, Pan W (2023) Protein kinase C beta relieves autism-like behavior in EN2 knockout mice via upregulation of the FTO\/PGC-1\u03b1\/UCP1 axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 37:e23236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.23236","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"6020_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2068-16.2017","volume":"37","author":"JR Stephenson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stephenson JR, Wang X, Perfitt TL, Parrish WP, Shonesy BC, Marks CR, Mortlock DP, Nakagawa T et al (2017) A novel human CAMK2A mutation disrupts dendritic morphology and synaptic transmission, and causes asd-related behaviors. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 37:2216\u20132233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2068-16.2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"6020_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.031","volume":"167","author":"W Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun W, Poschmann J, Cruz-Herrera Del Rosario R, Parikshak NN, Hajan HS, Kumar V, Ramasamy R, Belgard TG et al (2016) Histone acetylome-wide association study of autism spectrum disorder. Cell 167:1385-1397.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.031","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6020_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.11.021","volume":"91","author":"C-EJ Tseng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tseng C-EJ, McDougle CJ, Hooker JM, Z\u00fcrcher NR (2022) Epigenetics of autism spectrum disorder: histone deacetylases. Biol Psychiatry 91:922\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.11.021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6020_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050617","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao T, Yuan C, Chen X (2025) The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in the pathogenesis of parkinson\u2019s disease. Biomolecules 15:617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15050617","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"6020_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.036","volume":"97","author":"Y-L Weng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weng Y-L, Wang X, An R, Cassin J, Vissers C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu T et al (2018) Epitranscriptomic m6A regulation of axon regeneration in the adult mammalian nervous system. Neuron 97:313-325.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"6020_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6771","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4053-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"J Widagdo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Widagdo J, Zhao Q-Y, Kempen M-J, Tan MC, Ratnu VS, Wei W, Leighton L, Spadaro PA et al (2016) Experience-dependent accumulation of n6-methyladenosine in the prefrontal cortex is associated with memory processes in mice. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 36:6771\u20136777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4053-15.2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"6020_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138292","volume":"285","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Jiang T, Qi X, Zhou J, Pan T, Liao Q, Liu S, Zhang H et al (2025) PROTAC-mediated FTO protein degradation effectively alleviates diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Int J Biol Macromol 285:138292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138292","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"6020_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv145","volume":"31","author":"G Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu G, Wang L-G, He Q-Y (2015) ChIPseeker: an R\/Bioconductor package for ChIP peak annotation, comparison and visualization. Bioinforma Oxf Engl 31:2382\u20132383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv145","journal-title":"Bioinforma Oxf Engl"},{"key":"6020_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2025.100483","volume":"6","author":"N \u017dakelj","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u017dakelj N, Gosar D, Miro\u0161evi\u010d \u0160, Sanders SJ, Ljungdahl A, Kohani S, Huang S, Leong LI et al (2025) Genotypic, functional, and phenotypic characterization in CTNNB1 neurodevelopmental syndrome. HGG Adv 6:100483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xhgg.2025.100483","journal-title":"HGG Adv"},{"key":"6020_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7311","volume":"36","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xie Q, Li X (2022) Esculetin: A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res PTR 36:279\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.7311","journal-title":"Phytother Res PTR"},{"key":"6020_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e497","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.497","volume":"5","author":"H Zhuang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuang H, Liang Z, Ma G, Qureshi A, Ran X, Feng C, Liu X, Yan X et al (2024) Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy. MedComm 5:e497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.497","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"6020_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143328","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1143328","volume":"14","author":"W Zhuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhuang W, Ye T, Wang W, Song W, Tan T (2023) CTNNB1 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Psychiatry 14:1143328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1143328","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:11:53Z","timestamp":1782353513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-026-06020-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"718"}}