{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:08:06Z","timestamp":1790996886307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T05:10:18Z","timestamp":1627881018000},"page":"1638-1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Construct and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Physical Model for Training in Transnasal Office Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Rakesh R.","family":"Bright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalee","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regi","family":"Kurien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2010.06.003","volume":"61","author":"L Sgambatti Celis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sgambatti Celis L, Gil Melc\u00f3n M, Franco Calvo F et al (2010) Complications of endoscopic Sinus surgery in a residency training program. Acta Otorrinolaringol 61:345\u2013350 (English Ed)","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"2775_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.02.022","volume":"43","author":"EH Ooi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ooi EH, Witterick IJ (2010) Rhinologic surgical training. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 43:673\u2013689","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2775_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70409-2","volume":"120","author":"SC Marks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marks SC (1999) Learning curve in endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120:215\u2013218","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.08.009","volume":"44","author":"GJ Wiet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiet GJ, Stredney D, Wan D (2011) Training and simulation in otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 44:1333\u20131350","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2775_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.11.007","volume":"12","author":"A Arora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arora A, Lau LY, Awad Z, Darzi A, Singh A, Tolley N (2014) Virtual reality simulation training in Otolaryngology. Int J Surg 12:87\u201394","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-014-0040-8","volume":"43","author":"R Varshney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varshney R, Frenkiel S, Nguyen LH et al (2014) The McGill simulator for endoscopic sinus surgery (MSESS): a validation study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 43:40","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3300-3","volume":"272","author":"V Narayanan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Narayanan V, Narayanan P, Rajagopalan R et al (2015) Endoscopic skull base training using 3d printed models with pre-existing pathology. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 272:753\u2013757","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2775_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3798","volume":"26","author":"SD Burge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burge SD, Bunegin L, Weitzel EK, McMains KC (2012) The validation of an endoscopic sinus surgery skills training model: A pilot study. Am J Rhinol Allergy 26:409\u2013413","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"2775_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3245","volume":"22","author":"RM Leung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leung RM, Leung J, Vescan A, Dubrowski A, Witterick I (2008) Construct validation of a low-fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery simulator. Am J Rhinol 22:642\u2013648","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"2775_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21960","volume":"7","author":"AS Alrasheed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alrasheed AS, Nguyen LHP, Mongeau L, Funnell WRJ, Tewfik MA (2017) Development and validation of a 3d-printed model of the ostiomeatal complex and frontal sinus for endoscopic sinus surgery training. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 7:837\u2013841","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2775_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12414","volume":"40","author":"N Dharmawardana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dharmawardana N, Ruthenbeck G, Woods C et al (2015) Validation of virtual-reality-based simulations for endoscopic sinus surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 40:569\u2013579","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2775_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200207000-00002","volume":"112","author":"CV Edmond Jr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Edmond CV Jr (2002) Impact of the endoscopic sinus surgical simulator on operating room performance. Laryngoscope 112:1148\u20131158","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2775_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20676","volume":"120","author":"B Tolsdorff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tolsdorff B, Pommert A, Hohne KH et al (2010) Virtual reality: A new paranasal sinus surgery simulator. Laryngoscope 120:420\u2013426","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2775_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811413373","volume":"145","author":"S Malekzadeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malekzadeh S, Pfisterer MJ, Wilson B, Na H, Steehler MK (2011) A novel low-cost sinus surgery task trainer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 145:530\u2013533","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.0473","volume":"144","author":"TY Hsieh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsieh TY, Cervenka B, Dedhia R, Strong EB, Steele T (2018) Assessment of a patient-specific, 3-dimensionally printed endoscopic sinus and skull base surgical model. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 144:574\u2013579","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22306","volume":"9","author":"C Zhuo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhuo C, Lei L, Yulin Z et al (2019) Creation and validation of three-dimensional printed models for basic nasal endoscopic training. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 9:695\u2013701","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2775_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20093","volume":"2","author":"M Wais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wais M, Ooi E, Leung RM et al (2012) The effect of low-fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery simulators on surgical skill. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2:20\u201326","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2775_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2016.7.0180","volume":"7","author":"PG Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen PG, Chang DR, Weitzel EK, Peel J, Chandra RK, McMains KC (2016) The role of simulation in teaching sinus surgery in otolaryngology residency: A survey of rhinologists. Allergy Rhinol 7:244\u2013248 (Providence)","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2775_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.24983\/scitemed.aohns.2019.00109","volume":"3","author":"M Alwani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alwani M, Bandali E, Larsen M, Shipchandler T, Ting J (2019) Current state of surgical simulation training in otolaryngology: systematic review of simulation training models. Arch Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 3:5","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2775_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.11.023","volume":"142","author":"MP Fried","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fried MP, Sadoughi B, Gibber MJ et al (2010) From virtual reality to the operating room: the endoscopic sinus surgery simulator experiment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142:202\u2013207","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T16:37:00Z","timestamp":1669567020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02775-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-3796","0973-7707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-3796","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All participants consented to be part of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study (IRB No. 13657).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}