{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:32:26Z","timestamp":1784658746826,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1634994161000},"page":"3485-3491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Management Challenge of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis in Covid 19 Era: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Pippal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavi","family":"Ukawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab201","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab201","volume":"8","author":"CJ Kubin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubin CJ, McConville TH, Dietz D et al (2021) Characterization of bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and factors associated with healthcare-associated infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 8(6):ofab201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab201","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00462-9","volume":"185","author":"G Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song G, Liang G, Liu W (2020) Fungal co-infections associated with global COVID19 pandemic: a clinical and diagnostic perspective from China. Mycopathologia 185(4):599\u2013606","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01932420","volume":"102","author":"A Paltauf","year":"1885","unstructured":"Paltauf A (1885) Mycosis mucorina. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 102:543\u2013564","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"2947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1957.02970450007003","volume":"163","author":"RD Baker","year":"1957","unstructured":"Baker RD (1957) Mucormycosis-a new disease? J Am Med Assoc 163:805\u2013808","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2001.00656.x","volume":"44","author":"J Eucker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eucker J, Sezer O, Graf B, Possinger K (2001) Mucormycoses. Mycoses 44(7):253\u2013260","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2947_CR6","volume-title":"In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R(eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"AM Sugar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sugar AM (2000) In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R(eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases, 5th edn. Churchill Livingstone, New York, USA","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","volume":"6","author":"A Skiada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skiada A, Pavleas I, Drogari-Apiranthitou M (2020) Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update. J Fungi 6(4):265","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"2","key":"2947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020046","volume":"4","author":"J Chander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chander J, Kaur M, Singla N et al (2018) Mucormycosis: battle with the deadly enemy over a five-year period in India. J Fungi 4(2):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof4020046","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026","volume":"5","author":"H Prakash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prakash H, Chakrabarti A (2019) Global epidemiology of mucormycosis. J Fungi 5:26","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2947_CR10","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. Idf Diabetes Atlas. 2019. Available online: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/en\/resources\/ (accessed on May 10, 2021)."},{"key":"2947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011","volume":"25","author":"W Jeong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong W, Keighley C, Wolfe R et al (2019) The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports. Clin Microbiol Infect 25:26\u201334","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14904-5","volume":"362","author":"MS Lionakis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP (2003) Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet 362:1828\u20131838","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2020.05.008","volume":"29","author":"K Hoang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoang K, Abdo T, Reinersman JM, Lu R, Higuita NIA (2020) A case of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis resulting from short courses of corticosteroids in a wellcontrolled diabetic patient. Med Mycol Case Rep 29(1):22\u201324","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03456.x","volume":"17","author":"A Skiada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skiada A, Pagano L, Groll A et al (2011) Zygomycosis in Europe: analysis of 230 cases accrued by the registry of the European confederation of medical mycology (ECMM) working group on zygomycosis between 2005 and 2007. Clin Microbiol Infect 17(12):1859\u20131867","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070319","volume":"55","author":"PG Deutsch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deutsch PG, Whittaker J, Prasad S (2019) Invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis\u2014a review and update of the evidence. Medicina 55:1\u201314","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"2947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(00)80002-X","volume":"33","author":"BJ Ferguson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferguson BJ (2000) Definitions of fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:227\u2013235","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20520","volume":"119","author":"A Chakrabarti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chakrabarti A, Denning DW, Ferguson BJ, Ponikau J, Buzina W, Kita H et al (2009) Fungal rhinosinusitis: a categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies. Laryngoscope 119:1809\u20131818","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2009.09.001","volume":"37","author":"K Scheckenbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scheckenbach K, Cornely O, Hoffmann TK, Engers R, Bier H, Chaker A et al (2010) Emerging therapeutic options in fulminant invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Auris Nasus Larynx 37:322\u2013328","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"3","key":"2947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.10.007","volume":"37","author":"E Vairaktaris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vairaktaris E, Moschos MM, Vassiliou S, Baltatzis S, Kalimeras E, Avgoustidis D et al (2009) Orbital cellulitis, orbital subperiosteal and intraorbital abscess. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 37(3):132\u2013136","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01364.x","volume":"50","author":"S Mohindra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mohindra S, Mohindra S, Gupta R, Bakshi J, Gupta SK (2007) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: the disease spectrum in 27 patients. Mycoses 50:290\u2013296","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106003409","volume":"121","author":"N Munir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munir N, Jones NS (2007) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with orbital and intracranial extension: a case report and review of optimum management. J Laryngol Otol 121:192\u2013195","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707243370407","volume":"337","author":"RD DeShazo","year":"1997","unstructured":"DeShazo RD, Chapin K, Swain RE (1997) Fungal sinusitis. N Engl J Med 337:254\u2013259","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(00)80008-0","volume":"33","author":"MB Gillespie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gillespie MB, O\u2019Malley BW (2000) An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in the immunocompromised patient. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:323\u2013334","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.10.015","volume":"40","author":"DG Ballester","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ballester DG, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda R, Garc\u00eda CM, Ruiz-Laza L, Gil FM (2012) Mucormycosis of the head and neck: report of five cases with different presentations. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 40:584\u2013591","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00462-9","volume":"185","author":"G Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song G, Liang G, Liu W (2020) Fungal co-infections associated with global COVID-19 pandemic: a clinical and diagnostic perspective from China. Mycopathologia 185:599\u2013606","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y et al (2020) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 8:475\u2013481","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2947_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2020.100971","volume":"30","author":"JP Gangneux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gangneux JP, Bougnoux ME, Dannaoui E, Cornet M, Ralph ZJ (2020) Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: we should be prepared. J Mycol Med 30:100971","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"2947_CR28","first-page":"e10726","volume":"12","author":"S Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta S, Pandey A (2020) Rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. Cureus 12:e10726","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.016","volume":"80","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Pan A et al (2020) Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang. China J Infect 80:388\u2013393","journal-title":"China J Infect"},{"key":"2947_CR30","first-page":"1081","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li WX, Huang KW, Cao ZX, Hao JY (2003) Hospital acquired pneumonia occurring after acute stage of the serious SARS and its treating strategies. Chin J Nosocomiol 11:1081\u20131087","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomiol"},{"key":"2947_CR31","first-page":"12","volume":"1","author":"CH Yin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yin CH, Wang C, Tang Z, Zhang SW, Wang BS (2004) Clinical analysis of 146 patients with critical severe acute respiratory syndrome in Beijing areas. Clin J Emerg Med 1:12\u201314","journal-title":"Clin J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2947_CR32","first-page":"582","volume":"15","author":"CS Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li CS, Pan SF (2003) Analysis and causation discussion of 185 severe acute respiratory syndrome dead cases [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 15:582\u2013584","journal-title":"Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"2947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa033","volume":"49","author":"NC Peeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S et al (2020) The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol 49:717\u2013726","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.032","volume":"42","author":"A Werthman-Ehrenreich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Werthman-Ehrenreich A (2021) Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med 42:264.e5-264.e8","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2947_CR35","first-page":"ciaa1298","volume":"73","author":"L White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White L, Dhillon R, Cordey A, Hughes H, Faggian F, Soni S et al (2020) A national strategy to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 \u2013 associated invasive fungal disease in the intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 73(7):ciaa1298","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2947_CR36","first-page":"2459","volume":"71","author":"TM Rawson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rawson TM, Moore LS, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M et al (2020) Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: a rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis 71:2459\u20132468","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2947_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","volume":"384","author":"P Horby","year":"2021","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL et al (2021) Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19\u2013preliminary report. N Engl J Med 384:693\u2013704","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2947_CR38","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. In: https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/ [15 July 2020]"},{"key":"2947_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02884.x","volume":"15","author":"H Elinav","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elinav H, Zimhony O, Cohen MJ, Marcovich AL, Benenson S (2009) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in patients without predisposing medical conditions: a review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect 15:693\u2013697","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2947_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1086\/599105","volume":"48","author":"EJ Goldstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldstein EJ, Spellberg B, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP, Edwards J Jr, Ibrahim AS (2009) Recent advances in the management of mucormycosis: from bench to bedside. Clin Infect Dis 48:1743\u20131751","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2947_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2008.07.003","volume":"36","author":"SH Jung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jung SH, Kim SW, Park CS, Song CE, Cho JH, Lee JH et al (2009) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: consideration of prognostic factors and treatment modality. Auris Nasus Larynx 36:274\u2013279","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T20:41:13Z","timestamp":1669581673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-021-02947-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-3796","0973-7707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-3796","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr Sunil kumar Pippal (Professor and Head) declares that there is no conflict of interest. Dr Dinesh Kumar declares that there is no conflict of interest. Dr Lavi Ukawat declares that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Proper consent were taken.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}