{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T02:41:36Z","timestamp":1783910496391,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T15:02:12Z","timestamp":1703948532000},"page":"1874-1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Occupational Voice Disorder Among Teachers of Kathmandu District, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3862-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8765-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biraj","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2522-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siju","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4434_CR1","unstructured":"Aronson AE, Bless DM (2009) Special consideration for Professional voice users. In: Clinical voice disorders. Thieme Publishers Series, New York"},{"key":"4434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilkman E (2000) Voice problems at work: a challenge for occupational safety and health arrangement. Folia Phoniatr Logop 52(1\u20133):120\u2013125","DOI":"10.1159\/000021519"},{"key":"4434_CR3","unstructured":"Joseph SC, Roy N, Klaben B (2020) The professional voice. In: Clinical voice pathology: theory and management, 6th edn. Plural Publishing Inc., San Diego, pp 369\u2013407"},{"key":"4434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titze IR, Lemke J, Montequin D (1997) Populations in the U.S. workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9];11(3):254\u2013259. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199797800021\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(97)80002-1"},{"key":"4434_CR5","unstructured":"Angelillo M, Di Maio G, Costa G, Angelillo N, Barillari U (2009) Prevalence of occupational voice disorders in teachers. Comparative Study 50(1):26\u201332"},{"key":"4434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy N, Merrill RM, Thibeault S, Parsa RA, Gray SD, Smith EM (2004) Prevalence of voice disorders in teachers and the general population. J Speech Lang Hear Res [Internet] 47(2):281\u2013293. Available from: http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/1092-4388%282004\/023%29","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/023)"},{"key":"4434_CR7","unstructured":"Morawska J, Niebudek-Bogusz E (2017) Risk factors and prevalence of voice disorders in different occupational groups-a review of literature Wyst\u0119powanie zaburze\u0144 g\u0142osu w r\u00f3\u017cnych grupach zawodowych-przegl\u0105d pi\u015bmiennictwa [Internet]. Otorynolaryngologia 2017. Available from: www.mediton.pl\/orl"},{"key":"4434_CR8","unstructured":"Department of Education Ministry of Education (2012) School level Educational Statistics of Nepal consolidated report 2011 (2068)"},{"key":"4434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith E, Gray SD, Dove H, Kirchner L, Heras H (1997) Frequency and effects of teachers\u2019 voice problems. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9];11(1):81\u201387. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199797800276\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(97)80027-6"},{"key":"4434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berm\u00fadez De Alvear RM, Bar\u00f3n FJ, Mart\u00ednez-Arquero AG (2011) School teachers\u2019 vocal use, risk factors, and voice disorder prevalence: guidelines to detect teachers with current voice problems. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 63(4):209\u2013215","DOI":"10.1159\/000316310"},{"issue":"2","key":"4434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000089610","volume":"58","author":"M Sliwinska-Kowalska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Niebudek-Bogusz E, Fiszer M, Los-Spychalska T, Kotylo P, Sznurowska-Przygocka B et al (2006) The prevalence and risk factors for occupational voice disorders in teachers. Folia Phoniatr Logop 58(2):85\u2013101","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop"},{"issue":"12","key":"4434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.55489\/njcm.131220222574","volume":"13","author":"G Sankar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sankar G, Ganesan V, Shantaram RV, Palanisamy K, Katam I (2022) Epidemiology of voice disorders among government school teachers-an analytical cross-sectional study from Kanchipuram District. Natl J Community Med 13(12):869\u2013875","journal-title":"Natl J Community Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2019.07.005","volume":"35","author":"UK Menon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menon UK, Raj M, Antony L, Soman S, Bhaskaran R (2021) Prevalence of voice disorders in school teachers in a district in South India. J Voice 35(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"4434_CR14","unstructured":"Aryal B, Bhandary S, St C, Paudel D, Tamrakar D, Ir D (2017) Prevalence of voice disorders and risk factors in teachers of Eastern Nepal. Int J Sci Res Publ [Internet] 7(9):518. Available from: www.ijsrp.org"},{"key":"4434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Houtte E, Claeys S, Wuyts F, Van Lierde K (2012) Voice disorders in teachers: occupational risk factors and psycho-emotional factors. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 37(3):107\u2013116. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/14015439.2012.660499","DOI":"10.3109\/14015439.2012.660499"},{"key":"4434_CR16","unstructured":"Karagama YG, McGlashan JA (2018) Structural Disorders of the Vocal Cords. In: Watkinson J, Clarke R (eds) Scott-Brown\u2019s otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, 8th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton."},{"key":"4434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundberg J, Titze I, Scherer R (1993) Phonatory control in male singing: a study of the effects of subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and mode of phonation on the voice source. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 7(1):15\u201329. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199705801080\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(05)80108-0"},{"key":"4434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrison MD, Rammage LA (1993) Muscle misuse voice disorders: description and classification. Acta Otolaryngol [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 113(3):428\u2013434. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/00016489309135839","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135839"},{"key":"4434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Kharel B, Amatya Y, Adhikary A, Neupane Y (2021) Prevalence of voice disorders in tertiary care hospital. Int J Sci Rep 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20210508","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20210508"},{"key":"4434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogerson J, Dodd B (2005) Is there an effect of dysphonic teachers\u2019 voices on children\u2019s processing of spoken language? J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 19(1):47\u201360. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15766849\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2004.02.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"4434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/140154301300109080","volume":"26","author":"V Morton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morton V, Watson DR (2001) The impact of impaired vocal quality on children\u2019s ability to process spoken language. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol 26(1):17\u201325","journal-title":"Logoped Phoniatr Vocol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1044\/vvd21.2.71","volume":"21","author":"N Roy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roy N (2011) Voice disorders in teachers. Perspect Voice Voice Dis 21(2):71\u201379","journal-title":"Perspect Voice Voice Dis"},{"key":"4434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berm\u00fadez De Alvear RM, Bar\u00f3n FJ, Mart\u00ednez-Arquero AG (2011) School teachers\u2019 vocal use, risk factors, and voice disorder prevalence: guidelines to detect teachers with current voice problems. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 63(4):209\u2013215. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000316310","DOI":"10.1159\/000316310"},{"issue":"5","key":"4434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N2018","volume":"42","author":"MR Marchese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marchese MR, Longobardi Y, Di Cesare T, Mari G, Terruso V, Galli J et al (2022) Gender-related differences in the prevalence of voice disorders and awareness of dysphonia. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 42(5):458\u2013464","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"4434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle SM, Weinrich BD, Stemple JC (2001) Shifts in relative prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 15(3):424\u2013440. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199701000431\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(01)00043-1"},{"key":"4434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trinite B (2017) Epidemiology of voice disorders in Latvian school teachers. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 31(4):508.e1\u2013508.e9. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/311339656_Epidemiology_of_Voice_Disorders_in_Latvian_School_Teachers","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.10.014"},{"key":"4434_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler JE, Hammond TH, Gray SD (2001) Gender-related differences of hyaluronic acid distribution in the human vocal fold. Laryngoscope [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 111(5):907\u2013911. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/00005537-200105000-00029","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200105000-00029"},{"key":"4434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward PD, Thibeault SL, Gray SD (2002) Hyaluronic acid: its role in voice. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 16(3):303\u2013309. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199702001017\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00101-7"},{"key":"4434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter EJ, Tanner K, Smith ME (2011) Gender differences affecting vocal health of women in vocally demanding careers. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 36(3):128\u2013136. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/51460437_Gender_differences_affecting_vocal_health_of_women_in_vocally_demanding_careers","DOI":"10.3109\/14015439.2011.587447"},{"key":"4434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ubillos S, Centeno J, Iba\u00f1ez J, Iraurgi I (2015) Protective and risk factors associated with voice strain among teachers in castile and leon, Spain: Recommendations for voice training: Factores de riesgo y protecci\u00f3n de los tratamientos foni\u00e1tricos en docentes de castilla y le\u00f3n: Pautas para la formaci\u00f3n vocal. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 29(2):261.e1\u2013261.e12. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S089219971400160X\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2014.08.005"},{"key":"4434_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granjeiro RC, de Carvalho Oliveira LC, Dias MA, de Oliveira CF, Oliveira GMGF (2022) Videolaryngoscopy findings of the vocal health program in dysphonic teachers in the Federal District, Brazil. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 26(2):243\u2013249. Available from: http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.com\/products\/ejournals\/html\/10.1055\/s-0041-1733929","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1733929"},{"key":"4434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy N, Gray SD, Simon M, Dove H, Corbin-Lewis K, Stemple JC (2001) An evaluation of the effects of two treatment approaches for teachers with voice disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 44(2):286\u2013296. Available from: https:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/023)?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/023)"},{"key":"4434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan KMK, Yiu EML (2011) Green voice project: preserving the healthy voice in teachers. Perspect Voice Voice Dis [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 21(2):62\u201370. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/291790365_Green_Voice_Project_Preserving_the_Healthy_Voice_in_Teachers","DOI":"10.1044\/vvd21.2.62"},{"key":"4434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wingate JM, Brown WS, Shrivastav R, Davenport P, Sapienza CM (2007) Treatment outcomes for professional voice users. J Voice [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 21(4):433\u2013449. Available from: http:\/\/www.jvoice.org\/article\/S0892199706000075\/fulltext","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.01.001"},{"key":"4434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy N, Weinrich B, Gray SD, Tanner K, Toledo SW, Dove H et al (2002) Voice amplification versus vocal hygiene instruction for teachers with voice disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 9] 45(4):625\u2013638. Available from: https:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/050)?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/050)"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:15:13Z","timestamp":1711890913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-023-04434-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-3796","0973-7707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-3796","type":"print"},{"value":"0973-7707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Similarly, the author affirms that participants provide consent to publish the findings of research. The authors of this work declare that they did not receive any funding for the work they submitted. We declare that none of the information or conclusions in this manuscript could have been influenced by any conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"On September 20, 2022, the Institutional Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine at Tribhuvan University approved the research conducted for this study and the research is in compliance with ethical standards. The strict maintenance of participant data confidentiality ensured that private information\u2014such as sexual orientation and other sensitive details\u2014was kept hidden. To preserve participant privacy, all data was safely destroyed when the study was over. Prior to each participant\u2019s involvement in the research, written informed consent was obtained from each participant, and there were no conflicts of interest during the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}