{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:26:42Z","timestamp":1782437202382,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,24]],"date-time":"2009-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,23]],"date-time":"2009-12-23T07:13:01Z","timestamp":1261552381000},"page":"396-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Tumor and liver determinants of prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a large case cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Brian I.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Pancoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Branch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.04.061","volume":"132","author":"KR El\u2013Serag","year":"2007","unstructured":"El\u2013Serag KR. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2007;132:2557\u20132576","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9157_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04914.x","volume":"22","author":"SJ Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho SJ, Yoon JH, Hwang SS, et al. Do young hepatocellular carcinoma patients with relatively good liver function have poorer outcomes than elderly patients? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1226\u20131231","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850815)56:4<918::AID-CNCR2820560437>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"56","author":"K Okuda","year":"1985","unstructured":"Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H, et al. Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Cancer 1985;56:918\u2013928","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) investigators. A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients. Hepatology 1998;28:751\u2013755","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280322"},{"key":"9157_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) Investigators. Prospective validation of the CLIP score: a new prognostic system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2000;31:840\u2013845","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5628"},{"key":"9157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20034","volume":"10","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. The Barcelona approach: diagnosis, staging, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2004;10:S115\u2013S120","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9157_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007122","volume":"19","author":"JM Llovet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:329\u2013338","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"9157_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.035055","volume":"54","author":"R Tateishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Shiina S, et al. Proposal of a new prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 403 patients. Gut 2005;54:419\u2013425","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"9157_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80173-1","volume":"31","author":"S Chevret","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chevret S, Trinchet JC, Mathieu D, et al. A new prognostic classification for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 1999;31:133\u2013141","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10384","volume":"94","author":"TW Leung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B, et al. Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients. Cancer 2002;94:1760\u20131769","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"9157_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03350.x","volume":"19","author":"K Omagari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Omagari K, Honda S, Kadokawa Y, et al. Preliminary analysis of a newly proposed prognostic scoring system (SLiDe score) for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;19:805\u2013811","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.6.881","volume":"50","author":"I Levy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levy I, Sherman M. Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of the CLIP, Okuda, and Child-Pugh staging systems in a cohort of 257 patients in Toronto. Gut 2002;50:881\u2013885.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"9157_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01284.x","volume":"255","author":"E Giannini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giannini E, Risso D, Botta F, et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in anti-HCV positive cirrhotic patients: a single-centre comparison amongst four different staging systems. J Intern Med 2004;255:399\u2013408","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"9157_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20636","volume":"41","author":"JA Marrero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marrero JA, Fontana RJ, Barrat A, et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort. Hepatology 2005;41:707\u2013716","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9157_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03746.x","volume":"20","author":"YH Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang YH, Chen CH, Chang TT, et al. Evaluation of predictive value of CLIP, Okuda, TNM and JIS staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing surgery. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:765\u2013771","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9157_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.048124","volume":"54","author":"A Grieco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grieco A, Pompili M, Caminiti G, et al. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with early-intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing non-surgical therapy: comparison of Okuda, CLIP, and BCLC staging systems in a single Italian centre. Gut 2005;54:411\u2013418","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"9157_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01282.x","volume":"26","author":"S Pascual","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pascual S, Zapater P, Such J, et al. Comparison of staging systems to predict survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2006;26:673\u2013679","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9157_CR18","first-page":"1534","volume":"54","author":"K Kondo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kondo K, Chijiiwa K, Nagano M, et al. Comparison of seven prognostic staging systems in patients who undergo hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54:1534\u20131538","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"9157_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01370.x","volume":"102","author":"TI Huo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huo TI, Lin HC, Hsia CY, et al. The model for end-stage liver disease based cancer staging systems are better prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective sequential survey. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1920\u20131930","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9157_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000236608.91960.34","volume":"17","author":"CS Georgiades","year":"2006","unstructured":"Georgiades CS, Liapi E, Frangakis C, et al. Prognostic accuracy of 12 liver staging systems in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006;17:1619\u20131624","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"9157_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000254368.65878.da","volume":"245","author":"M Minagawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Minagawa M, Ikai I, Matsuyama Y, et al. Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of the Japanese TNM and AJCC\/UICC TNM systems in a cohort of 13, 772 patients in Japan. Ann Surg 2007;245:909\u2013922","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"9157_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00187.x","volume":"37","author":"H Chung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chung H, Kudo M, Takahashi S, et al. Review of current staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2007;37:S210\u2013S215","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"9157_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Pachera S, et al. Comparison of seven staging systems in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation with complete response. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103(3):597\u2013604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01604.x"},{"key":"9157_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199808000-00014","volume":"21","author":"A Pawarode","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pawarode A, Voravud N, Sriuranpong V, et al. Natural history of untreated primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 157 patients. Am J Clin Oncol 1998;21:386\u2013391","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"9157_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000101)88:1<50::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"88","author":"L Llado","year":"2000","unstructured":"Llado L, Virgili J, Figueras J, et al. A prognostic index of the survival of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Cancer 2000;88:50\u201357","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"9157_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4045","volume":"90","author":"CB O\u2019Suilleabhain","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Suilleabhain CB, Poon RT, Yong JL, et al. Factors predictive of 5-year survival after transarterial chemoembolization for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 2003;90:325\u2013331","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"9157_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-004-1494-7","volume":"40","author":"T Yamasaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamasaki T, Kimura T, Kurokawa F, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. J Gastroenterol 2005;40:70\u201378","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9157_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kogo M, Kano A, Kiuchi Y, Mitamura K, Yoneyama K. Prognostic index for survival in patients after treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52(9):2444\u20132451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9137-x"},{"key":"9157_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9750-3","volume":"52","author":"OF Couto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Couto OF, Dvorchik I, Carr BI. Causes of death in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:3285\u20133289","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9157_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdp.2007.02.003","volume":"31","author":"I Dvorchik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dvorchik I, Carr BI. A simple prognostic scoring system for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by chemo-embolization. Cancer Detect Prev 2007;31:154\u2013160","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"9157_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1981.218","volume":"44","author":"PJ Johnson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Johnson PJ, Melia WM, Palmer MK, et al. Relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein, cirrhosis and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1981;44:502\u2013505","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"9157_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6115","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i39.6115","volume":"11","author":"CS Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang CS, Lin CL, Lee HC, et al. Usefulness of serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6115\u20136119","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9157_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9541-2","volume":"52","author":"BI Carr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carr BI, Kanke F, Wise M, et al. Clinical evaluation of lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:776\u2013782","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9157_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00181.x","volume":"37","author":"H Toyoda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toyoda H, Kumada T, Osaki Y, et al. Role of tumor markers in assessment of tumor progression and prediction of outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2007;37:S166\u2013S171","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"9157_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-2007-3202","volume":"3","author":"ML Volk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Volk ML, Hernandez JC, Su GL, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma may impair the performance of biomarkers: a comparison of AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3. Cancer Biomark 2007;3:79\u201387","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark"},{"key":"9157_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20655","volume":"95","author":"K Shirabe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shirabe K, Itoh S, Yoshizumi T, et al. The predictors of microvascular invasion in candidates for liver transplantation with hepatocellular carcinoma-with special reference to the serum levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin. J Surg Oncol 2007;95:235\u2013240","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"9157_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00689-9","volume":"125","author":"M Capurro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Capurro M, Wanless IR, Sherman M, et al. Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2003;125:89\u201397","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9157_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4581","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401309","volume":"5","author":"JT Feng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feng JT, Liu YK, Song HY, et al. Heat-shock protein 27: a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma identified by serum proteome analysis. Proteomics 2005;5:4581\u20134588","journal-title":"Proteomics."},{"key":"9157_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21531","volume":"45","author":"L Di Tommaso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Di Tommaso L, Franchi G, Park YN, et al. Diagnostic value of HSP70, glypican 3, and glutamine synthetase in hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;45:725\u2013734","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9157_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00679.x","volume":"101","author":"J Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim J, Ki SS, Lee SD, et al. Elevated plasma osteopontin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2051\u20132059","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9157_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20375","volume":"40","author":"JS Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee JS, Chu IS, Heo J, et al. Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling. Hepatology 2004;40:667\u2013676","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9157_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600449-MCP200","volume":"6","author":"W Sun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun W, Xing B, Sun Y, et al. Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis: novel protein markers in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007;6:1798\u20131808","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics."},{"key":"9157_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1025","volume":"13","author":"HL Jia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jia HL, Ye QH, Qin LX, et al. Gene expression profiling reveals potential biomarkers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:1133\u20131139","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"9157_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1373\/49.5.752","volume":"49","author":"TC Poon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Poon TC, Yip TT, Chan AT, et al. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies serum proteomic signatures for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its subtypes. Clin Chem 2003;49:752\u2013760","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9157_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000086628","volume":"69","author":"AS Budhu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Budhu AS, Zipser B, Forgues M, et al. The molecular signature of metastases of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2005;69(Suppl 1):23\u201327","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"9157_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27236","volume":"116","author":"P Kaposi-Novak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaposi-Novak P, Lee JS, Gomez-Quiroz L, et al. Met-regulated expression signature defines a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotype. J Clin Invest 2006;116:1582\u20131595","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9157_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33156","volume":"35","author":"CM Lo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2002;35:1164\u20131171","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T23:37:05Z","timestamp":1559432225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-009-9157-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,24]]}}}