{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:40:22Z","timestamp":1790005222921,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T10:21:45Z","timestamp":1332152505000},"page":"28-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis: an overview of recent developments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Palak J.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"9362_CR1","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Gaouar F, Salle AV, et al. Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis: Results of a prospective study performed on the overall metropolitan French population. [Abstract] Hepatology 2008;48(602A)"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(03)00102-8","volume":"7","author":"MI Prince","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prince MI, James OF. The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis 2003;7(4):795\u2013819","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"9362_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1995.tb00110.x","volume":"15","author":"K Inoue","year":"1995","unstructured":"Inoue K, Hirohara J, Nakano T, et al. Prediction of prognosis of primary biliary cirrhosis in Japan. Liver 1995;15:70\u201377","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.927","volume":"36","author":"RG Watson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Watson RG, Angus PW, Dewar M, et al. Low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne Liver Group. Gut 1995;36(6):927\u2013930","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.064","volume":"127","author":"S Sood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sood S, Gow PJ, Christie JM, et al. Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia: high prevalence in migrant populations. Gastroenterology 2004;127(2):470\u2013475","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9362_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.005","volume":"127","author":"C Selmi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment. Gastroenterology 2004;127:485\u2013492","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.019","volume":"53","author":"C Corpechot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Chr\u00e9tien Y, Chazouill\u00e8res O, et al. Demographic, lifestyle, medical and familial factors associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;53(1):162\u2013169","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00806.x","volume":"41","author":"Y Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang Y, Yang Z, Zhong R. Smoking, family history and urinary tract infection are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Res 2011;41(6):572\u2013578","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"9362_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20907","volume":"42","author":"ME Gershwin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, USA PBC Epidemiology Group, et al. Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. Hepatology 2005;42:1194\u20131202","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21316","volume":"44","author":"PT Donaldson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donaldson PT, Baragiotta A, Heneghan MA, et al. HLA class II alleles, genotypes, haplotypes, and amino acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: a large-scale study. Hepatology 2006;44(3):667\u2013674","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00351.x","volume":"65","author":"ME Mullarkey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mullarkey ME, Stevens AM, McDonnell WM, et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles in Caucasian women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Tissue Antigens 2005;65(2):199\u2013205","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00237-9","volume":"36","author":"J Stone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone J, Wade JA, Cauch-Dudek K, et al. Human leukocyte antigen Class II associations in serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-positive and AMA-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2002;36(1):8\u201313","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80617-8","volume":"21","author":"S Onishi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Onishi S, Sakamaki T, Maeda T, et al. DNA typing of HLA class II genes: DRB1*0803 increases the susceptibility of Japanese to primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1994;21(6):1053\u20131060","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR14","first-page":"129","volume":"5","author":"HY Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu HY, Deng AM, Zhou Y, et al. Analysis of HLA alleles polymorphism in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006;5(1):129\u2013132","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"9362_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-4346(94)90061-2","volume":"2","author":"H Oguri","year":"1994","unstructured":"Oguri H, Oba S, Ogino H, et al. Susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with human leucocyte antigen DRB1*0803 in Japanese patients. Int Hepatol Comm 1994;2:263\u2013270","journal-title":"Int Hepatol Comm"},{"key":"9362_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umemura T, Joshita S, Ichijo T, et al.; The Shinshu PBC Study Group. HLA class II molecules confer both susceptibility and progression in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011. doi: 10.1002\/hep.24705 [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24705"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02303.x","volume":"43","author":"AB Begovich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begovich AB, Klitz W, Moonsamy PV, et al. Genes within the HLA class II region confer both predisposition and resistance to primary biliary cirrhosis. Tissue Antigens 1994;43(2):71\u201377","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"24","key":"9362_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810440","volume":"360","author":"GM Hirschfield","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirschfield GM, Liu X, Xu C, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants. N Engl J Med 2009;360(24):2544\u20132555","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9362_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.627","volume":"42","author":"X Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu X, Invernizzi P, Lu Y, et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet 2010;42(8):658\u2013660","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.789","volume":"43","author":"GF Mells","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mells GF, Floyd JA, Morley KI, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 12 new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet 2011;43(4):329\u2013332","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"9362_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.631","volume":"42","author":"GM Hirschfield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hirschfield GM, Liu X, Han Y, et al. Variants at IRF5-TNPO3, 17q12-21 and MMEL1 are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet 2010;42(8):655\u2013657","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9362_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.07.010","volume":"18","author":"O Filipe-Santos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Filipe-Santos O, Bustamante J, Chapgier A, et al. Inborn errors of IL-12\/23- and IFN-gamma-mediated immunity: molecular, cellular, and clinical features. Semin Immunol 2006;18:347\u2013361","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.381","volume":"41","author":"JC Barrett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barrett JC, Clayton DG, Concannon P, et al. Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet 2009;41:703\u2013707 (Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium)","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9362_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.175","volume":"40","author":"JC Barrett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, et al. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 2008;40:955\u2013962","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.025","volume":"53","author":"AM Elsharkawy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elsharkawy AM, Oakley F, Lin F, et al. The NF-kappaB p50:p50:HDAC-1 repressor complex orchestrates transcriptional inhibition of multiple pro-inflammatory genes. J Hepatol 2010;53(3):519\u2013527","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9362_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1644","volume":"9","author":"O Ananieva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ananieva O, Darragh J, Johansen C, et al. The kinases MSK1 and MSK2 act as negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Immunol 2008;9(9):1028\u20131036","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9362_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0417-7","volume":"46","author":"Y Aiba","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aiba Y, Nakamura M, Joshita S, PBC Study Group in NHOSLJ, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in CTLA4 and SLC4A2 are differentially associated with the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol 2011;46(10):1203\u20131212","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01684.x","volume":"78","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Invernizzi P, Ohira H, et al. Replicated association of 17q12-21 with susceptibility of primary biliary cirrhosis in a Japanese cohort. Tissue Antigens 2011;78(1):65\u201368","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"9362_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin Q, Moritoki Y, Lleo A, et al. Comparative analysis of portal cell infiltrates in AMA positive versus AMA negative PBC. Hepatology 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002\/hep.25511","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25511"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.12.004","volume":"28","author":"N Gleicher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gleicher N, Barad DH. Gender as risk factor for autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2007;28(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"9408","key":"9362_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15541-4","volume":"363","author":"P Invernizzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Invernizzi P, Miozzo M, Battezzati PM, et al. Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 2004;363(9408):533\u2013535","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9362_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21696","volume":"46","author":"M Miozzo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miozzo M, Selmi C, Gentilin B, et al. Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;46:456\u2013462","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.1.13405","volume":"6","author":"MM Mitchell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitchell MM, Lleo A, Zammataro L, et al. Epigenetic investigation of variably X chromosome inactivated genes in monozygotic female twins discordant for primary biliary cirrhosis. Epigenetics 2011;6(1):95\u2013102","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"9362_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21076","volume":"43","author":"A Ala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ala A, Stanca CM, Bu-Ghanim M, et al. Increased prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis near superfund toxic waste sites. Hepatology 2006;43:525\u2013531","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smyk DS, Bogdanos DP, Kriese S, et al. Urinary tract infection as a risk factor for autoimmune liver disease: From bench to bedside. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011 [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.07.013"},{"key":"9362_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70007-6","volume":"2","author":"DE Jones","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jones DE, James OF, Bassendine MF. Primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical and associated autoimmune features and natural history. Clin Liver Dis 1998;2:265\u2013282 (viii)","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"9362_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80097-X","volume":"30","author":"DE Jones","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jones DE, Watt FE, Metcalf JV, et al. Familial primary biliary cirrhosis reassessed: a geographically-based population study. J Hepatol 1999;30:402\u2013407","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR38","first-page":"359","volume":"34","author":"A Mason","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mason A, Zhang G. Linking human betaretrovirus infection with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2010;34:359\u2013366","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9362_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.7050","volume":"31","author":"D Howel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Howel D, Fischbacher CM, Bhopal RS, et al. An exploratory population-based case-control study of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2000;31:1055\u20131060","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2003.11.002","volume":"22","author":"E Ballot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ballot E, Bandin O, Chazouilleres O, et al. Immune response to lipopolysaccharide in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2004;22(2):153\u2013158","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9362_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01942.x","volume":"29","author":"CP Berg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berg CP, Kannan TR, Klein R, et al. Mycoplasma antigens as a possible trigger for the induction of antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2009;29:797\u2013809","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"8677","key":"9362_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92034-5","volume":"2","author":"U Hopf","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hopf U, M\u00f6ller B, Stemerowicz R, et al. Relation between Escherichia coli R(rough)-forms in gut, lipid A in liver, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1989;2(8677):1419\u20131422","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9362_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00501-4","volume":"40","author":"DP Bogdanos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bogdanos DP, Baum H, Grasso A, et al. Microbial mimics are major targets of cross-reactivity with human pyruvate dehydrogenase in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004;40:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9362_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00466-3","volume":"35","author":"DP Bogdanos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bogdanos DP, Baum H, Butler P, et al. Association between the primary biliary cirrhosis specific anti-sp100 antibodies and recurrent urinary tract infection. Dig Liver Dis 2003;35(11):801\u2013855","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"9362_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50446","volume":"38","author":"C Selmi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Selmi C, Balkwill DL, Invernizzi P, et al. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis react against a ubiquitous xenobiotic-metabolizing bacterium. Hepatology 2003;38:1250\u20131257","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.03.009","volume":"3","author":"J Mattner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattner J, Savage PB, Leung P, et al. Liver autoimmunity triggered by microbial activation of natural killer T cells. Cell Host Microbe 2008;3:304\u2013315","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR47","first-page":"S319","volume":"52","author":"C Corpechot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Tankovic J, Gaouar F, et al. Lack of molecular evidence for the presence of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans at the early stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;52(5):S319\u2013S457 (suppl)","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9140","key":"9362_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61042-2","volume":"352","author":"T Sadamoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sadamoto T, Joplin R, Keogh A, et al. Expression of pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex PDC-E2 on biliary epithelial cells induced by lymph nodes from primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1998;352(9140):1595\u20131596","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9362_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1433063100","volume":"100","author":"L Xu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xu L, Shen Z, Guo L, et al. Does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:8454\u20138459","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.009","volume":"54","author":"AL Mason","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mason AL. The evidence supports a viral aetiology for primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2011;54(6):1312\u20131314","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.037","volume":"55","author":"G Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang G, Chen M, Graham D, et al. Mouse mammary tumour virus in antimitochondrial antibody producing mouse models. J Hepatol 2011;55(4):876\u2013884","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02257.x","volume":"30","author":"AJ Montano-Loza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montano-Loza AJ, Wasilenko S, Bintner J, et al. Cyclosporine A inhibits in vitro replication of betaretrovirus associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2010;30:871\u2013877","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9362_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10290-2","volume":"351","author":"A Mason","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mason A, Xu L, Guo L, et al. Detection of retroviral antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and other idiopathic biliary disorders. Lancet 1998;351:1620\u20131624","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9362_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.05.001","volume":"51","author":"C Selmi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Selmi C, Gershwin ME. The retroviral myth of primary biliary cirrhosis: Is this (finally) the end of the story. J Hepatol 2009;51:411\u2013412","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.026","volume":"50","author":"H Johal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johal H, Scott GM, Jones R, et al. Mouse mammary tumour virus-like virus (MMTC-LV) is present within the liver in a wide range of hepatic dosriders and unrelated to nuclear p53 expression of hepatocarcinogenesis. J Hepatol 2009;50:548\u2013554","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.033","volume":"127","author":"C Selmi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Selmi C, Ross SR, Ansari AA, et al. Lack of immunological or molecular evidence for a role of mouse mammary tumor retrovirus in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2004;127:493\u2013501","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"9362_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40741.x","volume":"99","author":"AL Mason","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mason AL, Farr GH, Xu L, et al. Pilot studies of single and combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99(12):2348\u20132355","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03799.x","volume":"28","author":"AL Mason","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mason AL, Lindor KD, Bacon BR, et al. Clinical trial: randomized controlled trial of zidovudine and lamivudine for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis stabilized on ursodiol. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28(7):886\u2013894","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"9362_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22540","volume":"48","author":"HR Walden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walden HR, Kirby JA, Yeaman SJ, et al. Xenobiotic incorporation into pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can occur via the exogenous lipoylation pathway. Hepatology 2008;48:1874\u20131884","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.06.002","volume":"27","author":"R Rieger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rieger R, Leung PS, Jeddeloh MR, et al. Identification of 2-nonynoic acid, a cosmetic component, as a potential trigger of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2006;27:7\u201316","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9362_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Gaouar F, Chr\u00e9tien Y, et al. Smoking as an independent risk factor of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2011 [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.03.031"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23386","volume":"51","author":"K Isse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isse K, Specht SM, Lunz JG 3rd, et al. Estrogen stimulates female biliary epithelial cell interleukin-6 expression in mice and humans. Hepatology 2010;51(3):869\u2013880","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.022","volume":"41","author":"D Alvaro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alvaro D, Invernizzi P, Onori P, et al. Estrogen receptors in cholangiocytes and the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004;41(6):905\u2013912","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch078","volume":"97","author":"FE Watt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watt FE, James OF, Jones DE. Patterns of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis patients and their families: a population-based cohort study. QJM 2004;97(7):397\u2013406","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.075002","volume":"55","author":"C Rigamonti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rigamonti C, Shand LM, Feudjo M, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with systemic sclerosis. Gut 2006;55(3):388\u2013394","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9362_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409092488","volume":"29","author":"T D\u00f6rner","year":"1994","unstructured":"D\u00f6rner T, Held C, Trebeljahr G, et al. Serologic characteristics in primary biliary cirrhosis associated with sicca syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:655","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8313","key":"9362_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91327-7","volume":"2","author":"PA Berg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Berg PA, Klein R, Lindenborn-Fotinos J, et al. ATPase-associated antigen (M2): marker antigen for serological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1982;2(8313):1423\u20131426","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"22","key":"9362_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.22.8654","volume":"85","author":"SP Fussey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fussey SP, Guest JR, James OF, et al. Identification and analysis of the major M2 autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85(22):8654\u20138658","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9362_CR69","first-page":"1383","volume":"36","author":"N Fukushima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fukushima N, Nalbandian G, Van De Water J, et al. Characterization of recombinant monoclonal IgA anti-PDC-E2 autoantibodies derived from patients with PBC. Hepatology 2002;36:1383\u20131392","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023055714208","volume":"48","author":"J Masuda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Masuda J, Omagari K, Ohba K, et al. Correlation between histopathological findings of the liver and IgA class antibodies to 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis Dig Dis Sci. 2003;48:932\u2013938","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9362_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20175","volume":"39","author":"S Matsumura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsumura S, Van De Water J, Leung P, et al. Caspase induction by IgA antimitochondrial antibody: IgA-mediated biliary injury in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004;39:1415\u20131422","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Miura T, Nakamura J, et al. Plasma cells and the chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002\/hep.24757","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24757"},{"key":"9362_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-120","volume":"10","author":"CP Berg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berg CP, Blume K, Lauber K, et al. Autoantibodies to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2010;10:120","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9362_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20031705","volume":"381","author":"DC Budd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Budd DC, Spragg EJ, Ridd K, et al. Signalling of the M3-muscarinic receptor to the anti-apoptotic pathway. Biochem J 2004;381:43\u201349","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9362_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.023507","volume":"59","author":"K Harada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harada K, Isse K, Nakanuma Y. Interferon gamma accelerates NF-kappa B activation of biliary epithelial cells induced by Toll-like receptor and ligand interaction. J Clin Pathol 2006;59:184\u2013190","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200110716","volume":"108","author":"JA Odin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Odin JA, Huebert RC, Casciola-Rosen L, et al. Bcl-2-dependent oxidation of pyruvate dehydrogenase-E2, a primary biliary cirrhosis autoantigen, during apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2001;108(2):223\u2013232","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9362_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23783","volume":"52","author":"A Lleo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lleo A, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, et al. Biliary apotopes and anti-mitochondrial antibodies activate innate immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2010;52:987\u2013998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22736","volume":"49","author":"A Lleo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lleo A, Selmi C, Invernizzi P, et al. Apotopes and the biliary specificity of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009;49:871\u2013879","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802702105","volume":"105","author":"K Takeda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takeda K, Kojima Y, Ikejima K, et al. Death receptor 5 mediated-apoptosis contributes to cholestatic liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:10895\u201310900","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.11.004","volume":"27","author":"J Allina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Allina J, Hu B, Sullivan DM, et al. T cell targeting and phagocytosis of apoptotic biliary epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2006;27(4):232\u2013241","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9362_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nri957","volume":"2","author":"J Savill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Savill J, Dransfield I, Gregory C, et al. A blast from the past: clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:965\u2013975","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22955","volume":"50","author":"W Chamulitrat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chamulitrat W, Burhenne J, Rehlen T, et al. Bile salt-phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide as a hepatoprotective agent. Hepatology 2009;50:143\u2013154","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R900011-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"JD Amaral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amaral JD, Viana RJ, Ramalho RM, et al. Bile acids: Regulation of apoptosis by ursodeoxycholic acid. J Lipid Res 2009;50:1721\u20131734","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"9362_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03090.x","volume":"145","author":"K Inamura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Inamura K, Tsuji H, Nakamoto Y, et al. Transgenic mice aberrantly expressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 component on biliary epithelial cells do not show primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;145:93\u2013100","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR85","first-page":"1031","volume":"21","author":"K Tsuneyama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tsuneyama K, Van de Water J, Leung PS, et al. Abnormal expression of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex on the luminal surface of biliary epithelium occurs before major histocompatibility complex class II and BB1\/B7 expression. Hepatology 1995;21:1031\u20131037","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80071-2","volume":"33","author":"G Ballardini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ballardini G, Guidi M, Susca M, et al. Bile duct cell apoptosis is a rare event in primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis 2001;33:151\u2013156","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6R7125.2006","volume":"55","author":"P Onori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Onori P, Alvaro A, Floreani A, et al. Activation of the IGF1 system characterizes cholangiocyte survival during progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Histochem Cytochem 2007;55(4):327\u2013334","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"9362_CR88","first-page":"452143","volume":"2012","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Novel approach to bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis: participation of cellular senescence and autophagy. Int J Hepatol 2012;2012:452143 (Epub 2011 Jul 7)","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.008","volume":"53","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y, et al. Modulation of the microenvironment by senescent biliary epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;53(2):318\u2013325","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1729","volume":"205","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Ikeda H, Haga H, et al. Frequent cellular senescence in small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis: a possible role in bile duct loss. J Pathol 2005;205(4):451\u2013459","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64089-8","volume":"158","author":"JG Lunz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lunz JG, Contrucci S, Ruppert K. Replicative senescence of biliary epithelial cells precedes bile duct loss in chronic liver allograft rejection: increased expression of p21 as a disease marker and the influence of immunosuppressive drugs. Am J Pathol 2001;158(4):1379\u20131390","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.81","volume":"40","author":"JB Harley","year":"2008","unstructured":"International Consortium for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Genetics (SLEGEN), Harley JB, Alarc\u00f3n-Riquelme ME, Criswell LA, et al. Genome-wide association scan in women with systemic lupus erythematosis identifies susceptibility variants in ITGAM, PXK, KIAA1542 and other loci. Nat Genet 2008;40(2):204\u2013210","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.56","volume":"90","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Miyakoshi M, Sato Y, et al. Autophagy mediates the process of cellular senescence characterizing bile duct damages in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lab Invest 2010;90(6):835\u2013843","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"9362_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20859","volume":"42","author":"TK Mao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mao TK, Lian ZX, Selmi C, et al. Altered monocyte responses to defined TLR ligands in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005;42:802\u2013808","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.05.003","volume":"25","author":"AP Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang AP, Migita K, Ito M, et al. Hepatic expression of toll-like receptor 4 in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2005;25:85\u201389","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9362_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000097190.56734.FE","volume":"83","author":"K Harada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harada K, Ohira S, Isse K, et al. Lipopolysaccharide activates nuclear factor-kappaB through toll-like receptors and related molecules in cultured biliary epithelial cells. Lab Invest 2003;83:1657\u20131667","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"9362_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.2018","volume":"166","author":"E Faure","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faure E, Thomas L, Xu H, et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-gamma induce toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-kappa B activation. J Immunol 2001;166:2018\u20132024","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21522","volume":"45","author":"Y Moritoki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, Wulff H, et al. AMA production in primary biliary cirrhosis is promoted by the TLR9 Ligand CpG and suppressed by potassium channel blockers. Hepatology 2007;45:314\u2013322","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.005","volume":"128","author":"K Kikuchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kikuchi K, Lian ZX, Yang GX, et al. Bacterial CpG induces hyper-IgM production in CD27(+) memory B cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2005;128:304\u2013312","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.04.001","volume":"26","author":"YH Chuang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chuang YH, Lian ZX, Tsuneyama K, et al. Increased killing activity and decreased cytokine production in NK cells in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2006;26(4):232\u2013240","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24194","volume":"53","author":"S Shimoda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimoda S, Harada K, Niiro H, et al. Interaction between Toll-like receptors and natural killer cells in the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011;53(4):1270\u20131281","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36157","volume":"36","author":"Y Kimura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kimura Y, Leung PSC, Kenny TP, et al. Differential expression of intestinal trefoil factor in biliary epithelial cells of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002;36(5):1227\u20131235","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2006.01913.x","volume":"56","author":"K Isse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isse K, Harada K, Sato Y, et al. Characterization of biliary intra-epithelial lymphocytes at different anatomical levels of intrahepatic bile ducts under normal and pathological conditions: numbers of CD4CD28- intra-epithelial lymphocytes are increased in primary biliary cirrhosis. Pathol Int 2006;56:17\u201324","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"9362_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214698","volume":"109","author":"H Kita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kita H, Matsumura S, He X, et al. Quantitative and functional analysis of PDCE2- specific autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 2002;109:1231\u20131240","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR105","first-page":"113","volume":"21","author":"OM Martinez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Martinez OM, Villanueva JC, Gershwin ME, et al. Cytokine patterns and cytotoxic mediators in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1995;21(1):113\u2013119","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020511002025","volume":"19","author":"T Nagano","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nagano T, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto S, et al. Cytokine profile in the liver of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Immunol 1999;19(6):422\u2013427","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03898.x","volume":"156","author":"G Rong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rong G, Zhou Y, Xiong Y, et al. Imbalance between T helper type 17 and T regulatory cells in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: the serum cytokine profile and peripheral cell population. Clin Exp Immunol 2009;156:217\u2013225","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.11.001","volume":"32","author":"RY Lan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lan RY, Salunga TL, Tsuneyama K, et al. Hepatic IL-17 responses in human and murine primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2009;32:43\u201351","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20010956","volume":"195","author":"H Kita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kita H, Lian ZX, Van de Water J, et al. Identification of HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell responses in primary biliary cirrhosis: T cell activation is augmented by immune complexes cross-presented by dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2002;195(1):113\u2013123","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9362_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.6.3368","volume":"164","author":"A Muehlhoefer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muehlhoefer A, Saubermann LJ, Gu X, et al. Fractalkine is an epithelial and endothelial cell-derived chemoattractant for intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa. J Immunol 2000;164:3368\u20133376","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22226","volume":"47","author":"GX Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang GX, Lian ZX, Chuang YH, et al. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (dominant negative form) induces autoimmune cholangitis in mice. Hepatology 2008;47:1974\u20131982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24526","volume":"54","author":"M Tsuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsuda M, Ambrosini YM, Zhang W, et al. Fine phenotypic and functional characterization of effector CD8(+) T cells in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011;54(4):1293\u20131302","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivedi PJ, Chapman RW. PSC, AIH and overlap syndrome in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2012. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.10.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.10.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR114","first-page":"900","volume":"107","author":"O Arai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arai O, Ikeda H, Mouri H, et al. Two cases of inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed in the course of primary biliary cirrhosis. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2010;107(6):900\u2013908","journal-title":"Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"9362_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.04.005","volume":"27","author":"CA Aoki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aoki CA, Roifman CM, Lian ZX, et al. IL-2 receptor alpha deficiency and features of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2006;27:50\u201353","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"9362_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21123","volume":"43","author":"RY Lan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lan RY, Cheng C, Lian ZX, et al. Liver-targeted and peripheral blood alterations of regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006;43:729\u2013737","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.06.004","volume":"35","author":"F Bernuzzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bernuzzi F, Fenoglio D, Battaglia F, et al. Phenotypical and functional alterations of CD8 regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2010;35(3):176\u2013180","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.2.441","volume":"189","author":"SC Afford","year":"1999","unstructured":"Afford SC, Randhawa S, Eliopoulos AG, et al. CD40 activation induces apoptosis in cultured human hepatocytes via induction of cell surface fas ligand expression and amplifies fas-mediated hepatocyte death during allograft rejection. J Exp Med 1999;189(2):441\u2013446","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"9362_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0088com","volume":"15","author":"SC Afford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Afford SC, Ahmed-Choudhury J, Randhawa S, et al. CD40 activation-induced, Fas-dependent apoptosis and NF-kappaB\/AP-1 signalling in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. FASEB J 2001;15(13):2345\u20132354","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9362_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2007.09.007","volume":"29","author":"D Alvaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alvaro D, Mancino MG. New insights on the molecular and cell biology of human cholangiopathies. Mol Aspects Med 2008;29(1\u20132):50\u201357","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780073","volume":"80","author":"N Kinnman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kinnman N, Hultcrantz R, Barbu V, et al. PDGF-mediated chemoattraction of hepatic stellate cells by bile duct segments in cholestatic liver injury. Lab Invest 2000;80(5):697\u2013707","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000054178.01162.E4","volume":"83","author":"N Kinnman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kinnman N, Francoz C, Barbu V, et al. The myofibroblastic conversion of peribiliary fibrogenic cells distinct from hepatic stellate cells is stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor during liver fibrogenesis. Lab Invest 2003;83(2):163\u2013173","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G765","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00308.2005","volume":"290","author":"EA Kruglov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kruglov EA, Nathanson RA, Nguyen T, et al. Secretion of MCP-1\/CCL2 by bile duct epithelia induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of portal fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290(4):G765\u2013G771","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"9362_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22986","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412371200","volume":"280","author":"MN Jhandier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jhandier MN, Kruglov EA, Lavoie EG, et al. Portal fibroblasts regulate the proliferation of bile duct epithelia via expression of NTPDase2. J Biol Chem 2005;280(24):22986\u201322992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250104","volume":"25","author":"JF Medina","year":"1997","unstructured":"Medina JF, Mart\u00ednez-Ans\u00f3, Vazquez JJ, et al. Decreased anion exchanger 2 immunoreactivity in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1997;25(1):12\u201317","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33634","volume":"35","author":"S Melero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Melero S, Spirl\u00ec C, Zsembery A, et al. Defective regulation of cholangiocyte Cl-\/HCO3(-) and Na+\/H+ exchanger activities in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002;35(6):1513\u20131521","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01201-0","volume":"125","author":"K Shibao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shibao K, Hirata K, Robert ME, et al. Loss of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors from bile duct epithelia is a common event in cholestasis. Gastroenterology 2003;125(4):1175\u20131187","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70564-0","volume":"117","author":"J Prieto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prieto J, Garc\u00eda N, Mart\u00ed-Climent JM, et al. Assessment of biliary bicarbonate secretion in humans by positron emission tomography. Gastroenterology 1999;117(1):167\u2013172","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9362_CR129","first-page":"319","volume":"76","author":"K Poelstra","year":"1997","unstructured":"Poelstra K, Bakker WW, Klok PA, et al. A physiologic function for alkaline phosphatase: endotoxin detoxification. Lab Invest 1997;76:319\u2013327","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"9362_CR130","first-page":"1163","volume":"151","author":"K Poelstra","year":"1997","unstructured":"Poelstra K, Bakker WW, Klok PA, et al. Dephosphorylation of endotoxin by alkaline phosphatase in vivo. Am J Pathol 1997;151:1163\u20131169","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00147.2005","volume":"290","author":"A Tuin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuin A, Huizinga-Van der Vlag A, van Loenen-Weemaes AM, et al. On the role and fate of LPS-dephosphorylating activity in the rat liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290(2):G377\u2013G385","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2174\/138920307782411446","volume":"8","author":"JH Wong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wong JH, Xia L, Ng TB. A review of defensins of diverse origins. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2007;8(5):446\u2013459","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.12.006","volume":"50","author":"P Fickert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fickert P, Trauner M. When lightning strikes twice: the plot thickens for a dual role of the anion exchanger 2 (AE2\/SLC4A2) in the pathogenesis and treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2009;50(3):633\u2013635","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.25516","volume":"121","author":"C Spirli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spirli C, Nathanson MH, Fiorotto R, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit secretion in rat bile duct epithelium. Gastroenterology 2001;121:156\u2013169","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01506.x","volume":"27","author":"G Zollner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zollner G, Wagner M, Fickert P, et al. Expression of bile acid synthesis and detoxification enzymes and the alternative bile acid efflux pump MRP4 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2007;27(7):920\u2013929","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-009-0480-9","volume":"43","author":"Y Takeyama","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takeyama Y, Kanegae K, Inomata S, et al. Sustained upregulation of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and bile salt export pump and downregulation of cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase in the liver of patients with end-stage primary biliary cirrhosis. Med Mol Morphol 2010;43(3):134\u2013138","journal-title":"Med Mol Morphol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22646","volume":"33","author":"G Zollner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zollner G, Fickert P, Zenz R, et al. Hepatobiliary transporter expression in percutaneous liver biopsies of patients with cholestatic liver diseases. Hepatology 2001;33(3):633\u2013646","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090311","volume":"9","author":"SM Krams","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krams SM, Surh CD, Coppel RL, et al. Immunization of experimental animals with dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, as a purified recombinant polypeptide, generates mitochondrial antibodies but not primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1989;9(3):411\u2013416","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1998.4599","volume":"89","author":"T Masanaga","year":"1998","unstructured":"Masanaga T, Watanabe Y, Van de Water J, et al. Induction and persistence of immune-mediated cholangiohepatitis in neonatally thymectomized mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998;89(2):141\u2013149","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0368","volume":"14","author":"Y Aisaka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aisaka Y, Watanabe Y, Kamiyasu M, et al. Immune-mediated cholangiohepatitis in neonatally thymectomized mice: The role of T cells and analysis of T-cell receptor V\u03b2 usage. J Autoimmun 2000;14(3):239\u2013246","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.6.1919","volume":"170","author":"SM Krams","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krams SM, Dorshkind K, Gershwin ME. Generation of biliary lesions after transfer of human lymphocytes into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. J Exp Med 1989;170(6):1919\u20131930","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90106-7","volume":"49","author":"T Saitoh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saitoh T, Fujiwara M, Nomoto M, et al. Hepatic lesions induced by graft-versus-host reaction across MHC class II antigens: an implication for animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988;49(1):166\u2013172","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/1024533021000037171","volume":"7","author":"T Wake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wake T, Takatsuka H, Seto Y, et al. Similarity between hepatic graft-versus-host disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. Hematology 2002;7(5):305\u2013310","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1827.2001.01223.x","volume":"51","author":"K Tsuneyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsuneyama K, Nose M, Nisihara M, et al. Spontaneous occurrence of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and antimitochondrial autoantibodies in MRL\/lpr mice: possible animal model for primary biliary cirrhosis. Pathol Int 2001;51(6):418\u2013424","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020220131318","volume":"34","author":"K Ohba","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohba K, Omagari K, Murase K, et al. A possible mouse model for spontaneous cholangitis: serological and histological characteristics of MRL\/lpr mice. Pathology 2002;34(3):250\u2013256","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"9362_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21385","volume":"44","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Lian ZX, Moritoki Y, et al. IL-2 receptor alpha(\u2212\/\u2212) mice and the development of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006;44:1240\u20131249","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.020","volume":"134","author":"JT Salas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salas JT, Banales JM, Sarvide S, et al. Ae2a, B-deficient mice develop antimitochondrial antibodies and other features resembling primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1482\u20131493","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1655","volume":"177","author":"S Oertelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oertelt S, Lian ZX, Cheng CM, et al. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies and primary biliary cirrhosis in TGF-beta receptor II dominant-negative mice. J Immunol 2006;177(3):1655\u20131660","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042276","volume":"201","author":"JC Marie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marie JC, Letterio JJ, Gavin M, et al. TGF-beta1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 2005;201:1061\u20131067","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23132","volume":"50","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshida K, Yang GX, Zhang W, et al. Deletion of interleukin-12p40 suppresses autoimmune cholangitis in dominant negative transforming growth factor beta receptor type II mice. Hepatology 2009;50(5):1494\u20131500","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.11.035","volume":"136","author":"Y Moritoki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moritoki Y, Zhang W, Tsuneyama K, et al. B cells suppress the inflammatory response in a mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2009;136(3):1037\u20131047","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24044","volume":"53","author":"A Dhirapong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dhirapong A, Lleo A, Yang GX, et al. B cell depletion therapy exacerbates murine primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011;53(2):527\u2013535","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9362_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuda M, Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, et al. Biochemical and immunologic effects of rituximab in primary biliary cirrhosis patients with an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2011 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1002\/hep.24748","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24748"},{"key":"9362_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7103","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7103","volume":"175","author":"DP Harris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harris DP, Goodrich S, Mohrs K, et al. Cutting edge: The development of IL-4-producing B cells (B effector 2cells) is controlled by IL-4, IL-4 receptor alpha, and Th2 cells. J Immunol 2005;175:7103\u20137107","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.705","volume":"176","author":"A Mizoguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mizoguchi A, Bhan AK. A case for regulatory B cells. J Immunol 2006;176:705\u2013710","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9362_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6781","volume":"174","author":"DP Harris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harris DP, Goodrich S, Gerth AJ, et al. Regulation of IFN-gamma production by B effector 1 cells: essential roles for T-bet and the IFN-gamma receptor. J Immunol 2005;174:6781\u20136790","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03837.x","volume":"155","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K, Yoshida K, Leung PS, et al. Induction of autoimmune cholangitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD).1101 mice following a chemical xenobiotic immunization. Clin Exp Immunol 2009;155(3):577\u2013586","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24113","volume":"53","author":"SJ Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu SJ, Yang YH, Tsuneyama K, et al. Innate immunity and primary biliary cirrhosis: activated invariant natural killer T cells exacerbate murine autoimmune cholangitis and fibrosis. Hepatology 2011;53(3):915\u2013925","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04453.x","volume":"166","author":"YM Ambrosini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ambrosini YM, Yang GX, Zhang W, et al. The multi-hit hypothesis of primary biliary cirrhosis: polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and murine autoimmune cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011;166(1):110\u2013120","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.02.020","volume":"86","author":"H Zhong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong H, Yang X, Kaplan LM, et al. Integrating pathway analysis and genetics of gene expression for genome-wide association studies. Am J Hum Genet 2010;86(4):581\u2013591","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"9362_CR161","unstructured":"NovImmune SA. Primary biliary cirrhosis: investigating a new treatment option using NI-0801, a fully human anti-CXCL10 monoclonal antibody (PIANO). In: Clinicaltrials.gov [Internet] Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US) (2011) [cited 2011 Sep 05]. Available from: http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01430429 NLM identifier: NCT01430429."},{"key":"9362_CR162","unstructured":"Centocor Research and Development, Inc. A study of efficacy and safety of Ustekinumab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who had an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid. In: Clinicaltrials.gov [Internet] Nethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US) (2011) [cited 2011 Sep 09]. Available from: http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01389973 NLM identified: NCT01389973."},{"key":"9362_CR163","first-page":"90","volume":"87","author":"M Lipp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lipp M, M\u00fcller G. Shaping up adaptive immunity: the impact of CCR7 and CXCR5 on lymphocyte trafficking. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 2003;87:90\u2013101","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01303.x","volume":"26","author":"CP Berg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berg CP, Stein GM, Klein R, et al. Demonstration of PDC-E1 subunits as major antigens in the complement-fixing fraction M4 and re-evaluation of PDC-E1-specific antibodies in PBC patients. Liver Int 2006;26(7):846\u2013855","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03482.x","volume":"150","author":"B Preuss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preuss B, Berg C, Altenberend F, et al. Demonstration of autoantibodies to recombinant human sulphite oxidase in patients with chronic liver disorders and analysis of their clinical relevance. Clin Exp Immunol 2007;150(2):312\u2013321","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1995.tb00687.x","volume":"15","author":"PA Berg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berg PA, Klein R. Mitochondrial antigen\/antibody systems in primary biliary cirrhosis: revisited. Liver 1995;15(6):281\u2013292","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90903-O","volume":"12","author":"R Klein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klein R, Kl\u00f6ppel G, Garbe W, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody profiles determined at early stages of primary biliary cirrhosis differentiate between a benign and a progressive course of the disease. A retrospective analysis of 76 patients over 6\u201318 years. J Hepatol 1991;12(1):21\u201327","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9362_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017410.x","volume":"174","author":"IR Mackay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mackay IR, Whittingham S, Fida S, et al. The peculiar autoimmunity of primary biliary cirrhosis. Immunol Rev 2000;174:226\u2013237","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-008-0150-6","volume":"8","author":"L Gao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gao L, Tian X, Liu B, et al. The value of antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2008;8(1):9\u201315","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21472","volume":"45","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura M, Kondo H, Mori T, et al. Anti-gp210 and anti-centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007;45(1):118\u2013127","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00040-4","volume":"34","author":"P Invernizzi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Invernizzi P, Podda M, Battezzati PM, et al. Autoantibodies against nuclear pore complexes are associated with more active and severe liver disease in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2001;34(3):366\u2013372","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"9362_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00227.x","volume":"37","author":"HJ Worman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Worman HJ. Nuclear envelope protein autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2007;37(Suppl 3):S406\u2013S411","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07257.x","volume":"98","author":"P Muratori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muratori P, Muratori L, Ferrari R, et al. Characterization and clinical impact of antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98(2):431\u2013437","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4462","volume":"50","author":"H Ishibashi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ishibashi H, Komori A, Shimoda S, et al. Risk factors and prediction of long-term outcome in primary biliary cirrhosis. Int Med 2011;50(1):1\u201310","journal-title":"Int Med"},{"key":"9362_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1268-4","volume":"55","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Autoantibodies as prognostic markers in autoimmune liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2010;55:2144\u20132161","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(03)00033-7","volume":"20","author":"K Miyachi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miyachi K, Hankins RW, Matsushima H, et al. Profile and clinical significance of anti-nuclear envelope antibodies found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a multicenter study. J Autoimmun 2003;20(3):247\u2013254","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR177","first-page":"1123","volume":"26","author":"D Z\u00fcchner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Z\u00fcchner D, Sternsdorf T, Szostecki C, et al. Prevalence, kinetics, and therapeutic modulation of autoantibodies against Sp100 and promyelocytic leukemia protein in a large cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1997;26(5):1123\u20131130","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"9362_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.07.012","volume":"7","author":"P Milkiewicz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milkiewicz P, Buwaneswaran H, Coltescu C, et al. Value of autoantibody analysis in the differential diagnosis of chronic cholestatic liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7(12):1355\u20131360","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.596","volume":"105","author":"A Granito","year":"2010","unstructured":"Granito A, Yang WH, Muratori L, et al. PML nuclear body component Sp140 is a novel autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105(1):125\u2013131","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9362_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004876","volume":"38","author":"I Wichmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wichmann I, Montes-Cano MA, Respaldiza N, et al. Clinical significance of anti-multiple nuclear dots\/Sp100 autoantibodies. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;38(9):996\u2013999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90001-0","volume":"88","author":"B Portmann","year":"1985","unstructured":"Portmann B, Popper H, Neuberger J, et al. Sequential and diagnostic features in primary biliary cirrhosis based on serial histologic study in 209 patients. Gastroenterology 1985;88(6):1777\u20131790","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9362_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051911","volume":"203","author":"J Irie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irie J, Wu Y, Wicker LS, et al. NOD.c3c4 congenic mice develop autoimmune biliary disease that serologically and pathogenetically models human primary biliary cirrhosis. J Exp Med 2006;203(5):1209\u20131219","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.03.004","volume":"29","author":"Y Nakagome","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakagome Y, Ueno Y, Kogure T, et al. Autoimmune cholangitis in NOD.c3c4 mice is associated with cholangiocyte-specific Fas antigen deficiency. J Autoimmun 2007;29(1):20\u201329","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22651","volume":"49","author":"W Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang W, Sharma R, Ju ST, et al. Deficiency in regulatory T cells results in development of antimitochondrial antibodies and autoimmune cholangitis. Hepatology 2009;49(2):545\u2013552","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36020","volume":"123","author":"H Kita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kita H, Naidenko OV, Kronenberg M, et al. Quantitation and phenotypic analysis of natural killer T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis using a human CD1d tetramer. Gastroenterology 2002;123(4):1031\u20131043","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9362_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22052","volume":"47","author":"YH Chuang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chuang YH, Lian ZX, Yang GX, et al. Natural killer T cells exacerbate liver injury in a transforming growth factor \u03b2 receptor II dominant-negative mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2008;47:571\u2013580","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2651","volume":"179","author":"PS Leung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leung PS, Park O, Tsuneyama K, et al. Induction of primary biliary cirrhosis in guinea pigs following chemical xenobiotic immunization. J Immunol 2007;179(4):2651\u20132657","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01043.x","volume":"25","author":"C Okada","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okada C, Akbar SM, Horiike N, et al. Early development of primary biliary cirrhosis in female C57BL\/6 mice because of poly I:C administration. Liver Int 2005;25(3):595\u2013603","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9362_CR189","first-page":"564062","volume":"2011","author":"W Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang W, Fei Y, Gao J, et al. The role of CXCR3 in the induction of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2011;2011:564062 (Epub 2011 May 2)","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T20:44:43Z","timestamp":1641329083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]]},"references-count":189,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-012-9362-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]]}}}