{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:57:24Z","timestamp":1786982244620,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T08:53:27Z","timestamp":1473756807000},"page":"181-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Carvedilol versus propranolol effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient at 1\u00a0month in patients with index variceal bleed: RCT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"ctri\/2013\/10\/004119","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trial-registry-india"}],"author":[{"given":"Vipin","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakant","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Shalimar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Saraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovalak M, Lake J, Mattek N, Eisen G, Lieberman D, Zaman A. Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhotic patients: data from a national endoscopic database. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:82\u201388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.08.023"},{"key":"9765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, Rinaldi V, De Santis A, Merkel C, et al. Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 2003;38:266\u2013272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8"},{"key":"9765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988;319:983\u2013989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505"},{"key":"9765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraldes JG, Villanueva C, Ba\u00f1ares R, Aracil C, Catalina MV, Garci A-Pag\u00e1n JC, et al. Spanish Cooperative Group for Portal Hypertension and Variceal Bleeding. Hepatic venous pressure gradient and prognosis in patients with acute variceal bleeding treated with pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy. J Hepatol 2008;48:229\u2013236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.10.008"},{"key":"9765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augustin S, Muntaner L, Altamirano JT, Gonz\u00e1lez A, Saperas E, Dot J, et al. Predicting early mortality after acute variceal hemorrhage based on classification and regression tree analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:1347\u20131354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.08.011"},{"key":"9765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar-Olivos N, Motola-Kuba M, Candia R, Arrese M, M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N, Uribe M, et al. Hemodynamic effect of carvedilol vs. propranolol in cirrhotic patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol 2014;13:420\u2013428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30849-X"},{"key":"9765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruffolo RR Jr, Gellai M, Hieble JP, Willette RN, Nichols AJ. The pharmacology of carvedilol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990;38:82\u201388","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01409471"},{"key":"9765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanley AJ, Dickson S, Hayes PC, Forrest EH, Mills PR, Tripathi D, et al. Multicentre randomized controlled study comparing carvedilol with variceal band ligation in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. J Hepatol 2014;61:1014\u20131019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.015"},{"key":"9765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feu F, Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n JC, Bosch J, Luca A, Ter\u00e9s J, Escorsell A, et al. Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995;346:1056\u20131059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91740-3"},{"key":"9765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G, Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R, et al. Portal Hypertension Collaborative Group. Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007;133:481\u2013488","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024"},{"key":"9765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagliaro L, D\u2019Amico G, S\u00f6rensen TI, Lebrec D, Burroughs AK, Morabito A, et al. Prevention of first bleeding in cirrhosis. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of nonsurgical treatment. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:59\u201370","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-1-59"},{"key":"9765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imperiale TF, Chalasani N. A meta-analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Hepatology 2001;33:802\u2013807","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23054"},{"key":"9765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Khuroo NS, Farahat KL, Khuroo YS, Sofi AA, Dahab ST. Meta-analysis: endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:347\u2013361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02346.x"},{"key":"9765_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi D, Graham C, Hayes PC. Variceal band ligation versus beta-blockers for primary prevention of variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:835\u2013845","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282748f07"},{"key":"9765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gluud LL, Klingenberg S, Nikolova D, Gluud C. Banding ligation versus beta-blockers as primary prophylaxis in esophageal varices: systematic review of randomized trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2842\u20132848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01564.x"},{"key":"9765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin HC, Yang YY, Hou MC, Huang YT, Lee FY, Lee SD. Acute administration of carvedilol is more effective than propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the reduction of portal pressure in patients with viral cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1953\u20131958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40179.x"},{"key":"9765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobolth L, M\u00f8ller S, Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k H, Roelsgaard K, Bendtsen F, Feldager Hansen E. Carvedilol or propranolol in portal hypertension? A randomized comparison. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012;47:467\u2013474","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.666673"},{"key":"9765_CR18","unstructured":"Samanta T, Purkait R, Sarkar M, Misra A, Ganguly S. Effectiveness of beta blockers in primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children with portal hypertension. Trop Gastroenterol 2011;32:299\u2013303"},{"key":"9765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u00f1ares R, Moitinho E, Piqueras B, Casado M, Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n JC, de Diego A, et al. Carvedilol, a new nonselective beta-blocker with intrinsic anti- Alpha1-adrenergic activity, has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;30:79\u201383","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300124"},{"key":"9765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo GH, Chen WC, Wang HM, Yu HC. Randomized, controlled trial of carvedilol versus nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:1681\u20131687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07244.x"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T12:07:06Z","timestamp":1628597226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Complaince with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Institute ethics subcommittee, AIIMS, gave clearance to the study, vide ref No IESC\/T- 120\/01.03.2013,RT-09\/03.05.2013 and RT-36\/15.06.2013. Patients or their legal representatives provided written informed consent. The protocol was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee and registered with the clinical trials online government registry (CTRI\/2013\/10\/004119).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical clearance"}},{"value":"Vipin Gupta, Ramakant Rawat, Shalimar, Anoop Saraya declare no conflict of interest; no financial support was received for the study","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}