{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:18:47Z","timestamp":1790961527326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA023599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA023599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004824","name":"State of Connecticut Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#2015-0901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2015-0901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 007356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 007356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T07:30:35Z","timestamp":1509003035000},"page":"11-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Biology of portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"McConnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8032-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuko","family":"Iwakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9826_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.047","volume":"61","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y, Shah V, Rockey DC. Vascular pathobiology in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis\u2014current status and future directions. J Hepatol 2014;61:912\u2013924","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.003","volume":"62","author":"J Bosch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bosch J, Groszmann RJ, Shah VH. Evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of portal hypertension: how changes in paradigm are leading to successful new treatments. J Hepatol 2015;62:S121\u2013S130","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"9826_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S288","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181468b4c","volume":"41","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y. The molecules: mechanisms of arterial vasodilatation observed in the splanchnic and systemic circulation in portal hypertension. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41(Suppl 3):S288\u2013S294","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9826_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.12.001","volume":"18","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y. Pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis 2014;18:281\u2013291","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"9826_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20993","volume":"43","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y, Groszmann RJ. The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: from the patient to the molecule. Hepatology 2006;43:S121\u2013S131","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02579.x","volume":"32","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y. Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver Int 2012;32:199\u2013213","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9826_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.006","volume":"46","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y, Groszmann RJ. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2007;46:927\u2013934","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9826_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2016.08.001","volume":"62","author":"EP Tetangco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tetangco EP, Silva R, Lerma E. Portal hypertension: etiology, evaluation, and management. Dis Mon 2016;62(12):411\u2013426","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"9826_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1159\/000375346","volume":"33","author":"M Cavallin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavallin M, Fasolato S, Marenco S, Piano S, Tonon M, Angeli P. The treatment of hepatorenal syndrome. Dig Dis 2015;33:548\u2013554","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"9826_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906","volume":"65","author":"G Garcia-Tsao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2017;65:310\u2013335","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80770-4","volume":"1","author":"PS Bhathal","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bhathal PS, Grossman HJ. Reduction of the increased portal vascular resistance of the isolated perfused cirrhotic rat liver by vasodilators. J Hepatol 1985;1:325\u2013337","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306842","volume":"64","author":"YA Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee YA, Wallace MC, Friedman SL. Pathobiology of liver fibrosis: a translational success story. Gut 2015;64:830\u2013841","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9826_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.039","volume":"62","author":"C Trautwein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trautwein C, Friedman SL, Schuppan D, Pinzani M. Hepatic fibrosis: concept to treatment. J Hepatol 2015;62:S15\u2013S24","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.11.8370472","volume":"7","author":"D Shepro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shepro D, Morel NM. Pericyte physiology. FASEB J 1993;7:1031\u20131038","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"9826_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1215\/S1152851705000232","volume":"7","author":"G Bergers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bergers G, Song S. The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance. Neuro Oncol 2005;7:452\u2013464","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"9826_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-331694","volume":"118","author":"M Franco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franco M, Roswall P, Cortez E, Hanahan D, Pietras K. Pericytes promote endothelial cell survival through induction of autocrine VEGF-A signaling and Bcl-w expression. Blood 2011;118:2906\u20132917","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"9826_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12309","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12309","volume":"3","author":"KE LaBarbera","year":"2015","unstructured":"LaBarbera KE, Hyldahl RD, O\u2019Fallon KS, Clarkson PM, Witkowski S. Pericyte NF-kappaB activation enhances endothelial cell proliferation and proangiogenic cytokine secretion in vitro. Physiol Rep 2015;3(4):e12309","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"9826_CR18","first-page":"193","volume":"24","author":"DC Rockey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rockey DC, Boyles JK, Gabbiani G, Friedman SL. Rat hepatic lipocytes express smooth muscle actin upon activation in vivo and in culture. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1992;24:193\u2013203","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"9826_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116769","volume":"92","author":"DC Rockey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rockey DC, Housset CN, Friedman SL. Activation-dependent contractility of rat hepatic lipocytes in culture and in vivo. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1795\u20131804","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9826_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50044","volume":"37","author":"DC Rockey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rockey DC. Vascular mediators in the injured liver. Hepatology 2003;37:4\u201312","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270222","volume":"27","author":"DC Rockey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rockey DC, Fouassier L, Chung JJ, Carayon A, Vallee P, Rey C, et al. Cellular localization of endothelin-1 and increased production in liver injury in the rat: potential for autocrine and paracrine effects on stellate cells. Hepatology 1998;27:472\u2013480","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.5.3228","volume":"274","author":"R Shao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shao R, Yan W, Rockey DC. Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis by endothelin-converting enzyme-1 during wound healing. J Biol Chem 1999;274:3228\u20133234","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2000.074","volume":"38","author":"L Rothermund","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rothermund L, Leggewie S, Schwarz A, Thone-Reinecke C, Cho JJ, Bauer C, et al. Regulation of the hepatic endothelin system in advanced biliary fibrosis in rats. Clin Chem Lab Med 2000;38:507\u2013512","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"9826_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.021002114.x","volume":"21","author":"H Yokomori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yokomori H, Oda M, Ogi M, Kamegaya Y, Tsukada N, Nakamura M, et al. Enhanced expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in cirrhotic rat liver. Liver 2001;21:114\u2013122","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"9826_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G624","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.266.4.C975","volume":"266","author":"JX Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang JX, Pegoli W Jr, Clemens MG. Endothelin-1 induces direct constriction of hepatic sinusoids. Am J Physiol 1994;266:G624\u2013G632","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G27","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90405.2008","volume":"297","author":"HQ Feng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feng HQ, Weymouth ND, Rockey DC. Endothelin antagonism in portal hypertensive mice: implications for endothelin receptor-specific signaling in liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009;297:G27\u2013G33","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1010","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00350.2010","volume":"300","author":"M Iizuka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iizuka M, Murata T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Increased contractility of hepatic stellate cells in cirrhosis is mediated by enhanced Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-sensitization pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011;300:G1010\u2013G1021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00185.2012","volume":"305","author":"Y Saiman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saiman Y, Agarwal R, Hickman DA, Fausther M, El-Shamy A, Dranoff JA, et al. CXCL12 induces hepatic stellate cell contraction through a calcium-independent pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013;305:G375\u2013G382","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.019","volume":"64","author":"R Jalan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jalan R, De Chiara F, Balasubramaniyan V, Andreola F, Khetan V, Malago M, et al. Ammonia produces pathological changes in human hepatic stellate cells and is a target for therapy of portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2016;64:823\u2013833","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26627","volume":"59","author":"JA Fallowfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fallowfield JA, Hayden AL, Snowdon VK, Aucott RL, Stutchfield BM, Mole DJ, et al. Relaxin modulates human and rat hepatic myofibroblast function and ameliorates portal hypertension in vivo. Hepatology 2014;59:1492\u20131504","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabl P, Hambruch E, Seeland BA, Hayden H, Wagner M, Garnys L, et al. The FXR agonist PX20606 ameliorates portal hypertension by targeting vascular remodelling and sinusoidal dysfunction. J Hepatol 2017;66(4):724\u201333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.12.005"},{"key":"9826_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(70)90150-4","volume":"31","author":"E Wisse","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wisse E. An electron microscopic study of the fenestrated endothelial lining of rat liver sinusoids. J Ultrastruct Res 1970;31:125\u2013150","journal-title":"J Ultrastruct Res"},{"key":"9826_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180626","volume":"18","author":"E Bhunchet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bhunchet E, Fujieda K. Capillarization and venularization of hepatic sinusoids in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis: a mechanism to maintain liver blood flow. Hepatology 1993;18:1450\u20131458","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070117","volume":"7","author":"T Horn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Horn T, Christoffersen P, Henriksen JH. Alcoholic liver injury: defenestration in noncirrhotic livers\u2013a scanning electron microscopic study. Hepatology 1987;7:77\u201382","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4148","volume":"280","author":"J Funyu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Funyu J, Mochida S, Inao M, Matsui A, Fujiwara K. VEGF can act as vascular permeability factor in the hepatic sinusoids through upregulation of porosity of endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;280:481\u2013485","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9826_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G757","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00017.2004","volume":"287","author":"LD DeLeve","year":"2004","unstructured":"DeLeve LD, Wang X, Hu L, McCuskey MK, McCuskey RS. Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotype is maintained by paracrine and autocrine regulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;287:G757\u2013G763","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21478","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021478","volume":"6","author":"D May","year":"2011","unstructured":"May D, Djonov V, Zamir G, Bala M, Safadi R, Sklair-Levy M, et al. A transgenic model for conditional induction and rescue of portal hypertension reveals a role of VEGF-mediated regulation of sinusoidal fenestrations. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e21478","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9826_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150603","volume":"15","author":"RF McGuire","year":"1992","unstructured":"McGuire RF, Bissell DM, Boyles J, Roll FJ. Role of extracellular matrix in regulating fenestrations of sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from normal rat liver. Hepatology 1992;15:989\u2013997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46134","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046134","volume":"7","author":"D Svistounov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Svistounov D, Warren A, McNerney GP, Owen DM, Zencak D, Zykova SN, et al. The relationship between fenestrations, sieve plates and rafts in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e46134","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9826_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27376","volume":"61","author":"LD DeLeve","year":"2015","unstructured":"DeLeve LD. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 2015;61:1740\u20131746","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.2037","volume":"127","author":"WR Jarnagin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jarnagin WR, Rockey DC, Koteliansky VE, Wang SS, Bissell DM. Expression of variant fibronectins in wound healing: cellular source and biological activity of the EIIIA segment in rat hepatic fibrogenesis. J Cell Biol 1994;127:2037\u20132048","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"928\u2013937","key":"9826_CR42","first-page":"e923","volume":"142","author":"AL Olsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olsen AL, Sackey BK, Marcinkiewicz C, Boettiger D, Wells RG. Fibronectin extra domain-A promotes hepatic stellate cell motility but not differentiation into myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 2012;142(928\u2013937):e923","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30684","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.671735","volume":"290","author":"R Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang R, Ding Q, Yaqoob U, de Assuncao TM, Verma VK, Hirsova P, et al. Exosome adherence and internalization by hepatic stellate cells triggers sphingosine 1-phosphate-dependent migration. J Biol Chem 2015;290:30684\u201330696","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.026","volume":"58","author":"G Marrone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marrone G, Russo L, Rosado E, Hide D, Garcia-Cardena G, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. The transcription factor KLF2 mediates hepatic endothelial protection and paracrine endothelial-stellate cell deactivation induced by statins. J Hepatol 2013;58:98\u2013103","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22351","volume":"48","author":"LD Deleve","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deleve LD, Wang X, Guo Y. Sinusoidal endothelial cells prevent rat stellate cell activation and promote reversion to quiescence. Hepatology 2008;48:920\u2013930","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9354","volume":"119","author":"P Failli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Failli P, De FR, Caligiuri A, Gentilini A, Romanelli RG, Marra F, et al. Nitrovasodilators inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of activated human hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 2000;119:479\u2013492","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C66","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00038.2011","volume":"301","author":"C Routray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Routray C, Liu C, Yaqoob U, Billadeau DD, Bloch KD, Kaibuchi K, et al. Protein kinase G signaling disrupts Rac1-dependent focal adhesion assembly in liver specific pericytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011;301:C66\u2013C74","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62495-9","volume":"166","author":"JS Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee JS, Kang Decker N, Chatterjee S, Yao J, Friedman S, Shah V. Mechanisms of nitric oxide interplay with Rho GTPase family members in modulation of actin membrane dynamics in pericytes and fibroblasts. Am J Pathol 2005;166:1861\u20131870","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9826_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22285","volume":"47","author":"DA Langer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Langer DA, Das A, Semela D, Kang-Decker N, Hendrickson H, Bronk SF, et al. Nitric oxide promotes caspase-independent hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Hepatology 2008;47:1983\u20131993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR50","first-page":"G416","volume":"267","author":"MK Mittal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mittal MK, Gupta TK, Lee FY, Sieber CC, Groszmann RJ. Nitric oxide modulates hepatic vascular tone in normal rat liver. Am J Physiol 1994;267:G416\u2013G422","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119842","volume":"100","author":"V Shah","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shah V, Haddad FG, Garcia-Cardena G, Frangos JA, Mennone A, Groszmann RJ. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are responsible for nitric oxide modulation of resistance in the hepatic sinusoids. J Clin Invest 1997;100:2923\u20132930","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9826_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G980","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00336.2005","volume":"290","author":"JG Abraldes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abraldes JG, Iwakiri Y, Loureiro-Silva M, Haq O, Sessa WC, Groszmann RJ. Mild increases in portal pressure upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal microcirculatory bed, leading to a hyperdynamic state. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G980\u2013G987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70487-1","volume":"114","author":"DC Rockey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rockey DC, Chung JJ. Reduced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in cirrhotic rat liver: endothelial dysfunction in portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1998;114:344\u2013351","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70408-7","volume":"117","author":"V Shah","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shah V, Toruner M, Haddad F, Cadelina G, Papapetropoulos A, Choo K, et al. Impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity associated with enhanced caveolin binding in experimental cirrhosis in the rat. Gastroenterology 1999;117:1222\u20131228","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/21218","volume":"399","author":"D Fulton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fulton D, Gratton JP, McCabe TJ, Fontana J, Fujio Y, Walsh K, et al. Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt. Nature 1999;399:597\u2013601","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9826_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12309","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.320465","volume":"287","author":"S Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu S, Premont RT, Rockey DC. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor-1 (GIT1) is a new endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) interactor with functional effects on vascular homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012;287:12309\u201312320","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18163","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.521203","volume":"289","author":"S Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu S, Premont RT, Rockey DC. Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is activated through G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) tyrosine phosphorylation and Src protein. J Biol Chem 2014;289:18163\u201318174","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.25.15583","volume":"272","author":"JB Michel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Michel JB, Feron O, Sacks D, Michel T. Reciprocal regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by Ca2+-calmodulin and caveolin. J Biol Chem 1997;272:15583\u201315586","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.043","volume":"136","author":"JG Abraldes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abraldes JG, Albillos A, Banares R, Turnes J, Gonzalez R, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Simvastatin lowers portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2009;136:1651\u20131658","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.020","volume":"46","author":"JG Abraldes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abraldes JG, Rodriguez-Vilarrupla A, Graupera M, Zafra C, Garcia-Caldero H, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Simvastatin treatment improves liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction in CCl4 cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2007;46:1040\u20131046","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21673","volume":"46","author":"J Trebicka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trebicka J, Hennenberg M, Laleman W, Shelest N, Biecker E, Schepke M, et al. Atorvastatin lowers portal pressure in cirrhotic rats by inhibition of RhoA\/Rho-kinase and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hepatology 2007;46:242\u2013253","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8467","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.24.8467-8477.2002","volume":"22","author":"XF Ming","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ming XF, Viswambharan H, Barandier C, Ruffieux J, Kaibuchi K, Rusconi S, et al. Rho GTPase\/Rho kinase negatively regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation through the inhibition of protein kinase B\/Akt in human endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 2002;22:8467\u20138477","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"9826_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24266","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.37.24266","volume":"273","author":"U Laufs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laufs U, Liao JK. Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPase. J Biol Chem 1998;273:24266\u201324271","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9826_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22758","volume":"49","author":"M Mejias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mejias M, Garcia-Pras E, Tiani C, Miquel R, Bosch J, Fernandez M. Beneficial effects of sorafenib on splanchnic, intrahepatic, and portocollateral circulations in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2009;49:1245\u20131256","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.06.024","volume":"51","author":"T Reiberger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reiberger T, Angermayr B, Schwabl P, Rohr-Udilova N, Mitterhauser M, Gangl A, et al. Sorafenib attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome in partial portal vein ligated rats. J Hepatol 2009;51:865\u2013873","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21921","volume":"46","author":"S Tugues","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tugues S, Fernandez-Varo G, Munoz-Luque J, Ros J, Arroyo V, Rodes J, et al. Antiangiogenic treatment with sunitinib ameliorates inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2007;46:1919\u20131926","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.04.010","volume":"135","author":"D Semela","year":"2008","unstructured":"Semela D, Das A, Langer D, Kang N, Leof E, Shah V. Platelet-derived growth factor signaling through ephrin-b2 regulates hepatic vascular structure and function. Gastroenterology 2008;135:671\u2013679","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9826_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.025","volume":"60","author":"P Schwabl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwabl P, Payer BA, Grahovac J, Klein S, Horvatits T, Mitterhauser M, et al. Pioglitazone decreases portosystemic shunting by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats. J Hepatol 2014;60(6):1135\u20131142","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21785","volume":"46","author":"M Fernandez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fernandez M, Mejias M, Garcia-Pras E, Mendez R, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bosch J. Reversal of portal hypertension and hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor blockade in rats. Hepatology 2007;46:1208\u20131217","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"967\u2013977","key":"9826_CR70","first-page":"e962","volume":"142","author":"MT Dill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dill MT, Rothweiler S, Djonov V, Hlushchuk R, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, et al. Disruption of Notch1 induces vascular remodeling, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and angiosarcomas in livers of mice. Gastroenterology 2012;142(967\u2013977):e962","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32524","volume":"35","author":"C Corpechot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Barbu V, Wendum D, Kinnman N, Rey C, Poupon R, et al. Hypoxia-induced VEGF and collagen I expressions are associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in experimental cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002;35:1010\u20131021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306294","volume":"63","author":"J Ehling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ehling J, Bartneck M, Wei X, Gremse F, Fech V, Mockel D, et al. CCL2-dependent infiltrating macrophages promote angiogenesis in progressive liver fibrosis. Gut 2014;63:1960\u20131971","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9826_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.004","volume":"53","author":"D Thabut","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thabut D, Shah V. Intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling in chronic liver disease: new targets for the treatment of portal hypertension? J Hepatol 2010;53:976\u2013980","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR74","first-page":"1238","volume":"21","author":"IR Wanless","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wanless IR, Wong F, Blendis LM, Greig P, Heathcote EJ, Levy G. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: possible role in development of parenchymal extinction and portal hypertension. Hepatology 1995;21:1238\u20131247","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000164","volume":"22","author":"A Tripodi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tripodi A. Hemostasis abnormalities in cirrhosis. Curr Opin Hematol 2015;22:406\u2013412","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"9826_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28148","volume":"63","author":"L De Pietri","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Pietri L, Bianchini M, Montalti R, De Maria N, Di Maira T, Begliomini B, et al. Thrombelastography-guided blood product use before invasive procedures in cirrhosis with severe coagulopathy: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology 2016;63:566\u2013573","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030614","volume":"3","author":"GA Levy","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levy GA, MacPhee PJ, Fung LS, Fisher MM, Rappaport AM. The effect of mouse hepatitis virus infection on the microcirculation of the liver. Hepatology 1983;3:964\u2013973","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(88)90014-3","volume":"36","author":"PJ MacPhee","year":"1988","unstructured":"MacPhee PJ, Schmidt EE, Keown PA, Groom AC. Microcirculatory changes in livers of mice infected with murine hepatitis virus. Evidence from microcorrosion casts and measurements of red cell velocity. Microvasc Res 1988;36:140\u2013149","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"9826_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90211-2","volume":"108","author":"K Neubauer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Knittel T, Armbrust T, Ramadori G. Accumulation and cellular localization of fibrinogen\/fibrin during short-term and long-term rat liver injury. Gastroenterology 1995;108:1124\u20131135","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.032136","volume":"53","author":"JG Duplantier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Duplantier JG, Dubuisson L, Senant N, Freyburger G, Laurendeau I, Herbert JM, et al. A role for thrombin in liver fibrosis. Gut 2004;53:1682\u20131687","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9826_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18114","volume":"112","author":"PA Marsden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marsden PA, Ning Q, Fung LS, Luo X, Chen Y, Mendicino M, et al. The Fgl2\/fibroleukin prothrombinase contributes to immunologically mediated thrombosis in experimental and human viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2003;112:58\u201366","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9826_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.04.009","volume":"51","author":"OM Abdel-Salam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdel-Salam OM, Baiuomy AR, Ameen A, Hassan NS. A study of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins in a model of cholestatic liver injury in the rat. Pharmacol Res 2005;51:59\u201367","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"9826_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9595-1","volume":"52","author":"N Assy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Assy N, Hussein O, Khalil A, Luder A, Szvalb S, Paizi M, et al. The beneficial effect of aspirin and enoxaparin on fibrosis progression and regenerative activity in a rat model of cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:1187\u20131193","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9826_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.08.023","volume":"46","author":"W Abe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abe W, Ikejima K, Lang T, Okumura K, Enomoto N, Kitamura T, et al. Low molecular weight heparin prevents hepatic fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride in the rat. J Hepatol 2007;46:286\u2013294","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03015.x","volume":"6","author":"QM Anstee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anstee QM, Goldin RD, Wright M, Martinelli A, Cox R, Thursz MR. Coagulation status modulates murine hepatic fibrogenesis: implications for the development of novel therapies. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:1336\u20131343","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"9826_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27387","volume":"61","author":"DA Simonetto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simonetto DA, Yang HY, Yin M, de Assuncao TM, Kwon JH, Hilscher M, et al. Chronic passive venous congestion drives hepatic fibrogenesis via sinusoidal thrombosis and mechanical forces. Hepatology 2015;61:648\u2013659","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.12.003","volume":"64","author":"F Cerini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cerini F, Vilaseca M, Lafoz E, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Garcia-Caldero H, Tripathi DM, et al. Enoxaparin reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2016;64:834\u2013842","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9826_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29084","volume":"65","author":"M Vilaseca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vilaseca M, Garcia-Caldero H, Lafoz E, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Avila M, Reverter JC, et al. The anticoagulant rivaroxaban lowers portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats mainly by deactivating hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 2017;65(6):2031\u20132044","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240526","volume":"24","author":"A Ordinas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ordinas A, Escolar G, Cirera I, Vinas M, Cobo F, Bosch J, et al. Existence of a platelet-adhesion defect in patients with cirrhosis independent of hematocrit: studies under flow conditions. Hepatology 1996;24:1137\u20131142","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308429","volume":"24","author":"MH Rubin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rubin MH, Weston MJ, Langley PG, White Y, Williams R. Platelet function in chronic liver disease: relationship to disease severity. Dig Dis Sci 1979;24:197\u2013202","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9826_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21231","volume":"44","author":"T Lisman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lisman T, Bongers TN, Adelmeijer J, Janssen HL, de Maat MP, de Groot PG, et al. Elevated levels of von Willebrand Factor in cirrhosis support platelet adhesion despite reduced functional capacity. Hepatology 2006;44:53\u201361","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raparelli V, Basili S, Carnevale R, Napoleone L, Del Ben M, Nocella C, et al. Low-grade endotoxemia and platelet activation in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2017;65(2):571\u201381","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28853"},{"key":"9826_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.06.001","volume":"65","author":"W Potze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Potze W, Siddiqui MS, Boyett SL, Adelmeijer J, Daita K, Sanyal AJ, et al. Preserved hemostatic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2016;65:980\u2013987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28526","volume":"64","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Adams DH, Watson SP, Lalor PF. Platelets: no longer bystanders in liver disease. Hepatology 2016;64:1774\u20131784","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1780","volume":"14","author":"PA Lang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lang PA, Contaldo C, Georgiev P, El-Badry AM, Recher M, Kurrer M, et al. Aggravation of viral hepatitis by platelet-derived serotonin. Nat Med 2008;14:756\u2013761","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9826_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.006","volume":"48","author":"RG Ruddell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ruddell RG, Mann DA, Ramm GA. The function of serotonin within the liver. J Hepatol 2008;48:666\u2013675","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR97","first-page":"99","volume":"13","author":"JL Cummings","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cummings JL, Cilento EV, Reilly FD. Hepatic microvascular regulatory mechanisms. XII. Effects of 5-HT2-receptor blockade on serotonin-induced intralobular hypoperfusion. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 1993;13:99\u2013112","journal-title":"Int J Microcirc Clin Exp"},{"key":"9826_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)81585-2","volume":"186","author":"U Brauneis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brauneis U, Gatmaitan Z, Arias IM. Serotonin stimulates a Ca2+ permeant nonspecific cation channel in hepatic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;186:1560\u20131556","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9826_CR99","first-page":"2027","volume":"148","author":"Z Gatmaitan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gatmaitan Z, Varticovski L, Ling L, Mikkelsen R, Steffan AM, Arias IM. Studies on fenestral contraction in rat liver endothelial cells in culture. Am J Pathol 1996;148:2027\u20132041","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9826_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i2.164","volume":"17","author":"KS Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park KS, Sin PJ, Lee DH, Cha SK, Kim MJ, Kim NH, et al. Switching-on of serotonergic calcium signaling in activated hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:164\u2013173","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9826_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12110","volume":"33","author":"DC Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim DC, Jun DW, Kwon YI, Lee KN, Lee HL, Lee OY, et al. 5-HT2A receptor antagonists inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and facilitate apoptosis. Liver Int 2013;33:535\u2013543","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9826_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1160\/TH13-01-0075","volume":"110","author":"PE Morange","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morange PE, Alessi MC. Thrombosis in central obesity and metabolic syndrome: mechanisms and epidemiology. Thromb Haemost 2013;110:669\u2013680","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"9826_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.09.035","volume":"83","author":"RD Acosta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Committee ASoP, Acosta RD, Abraham NS, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV, Early DS, et al. The management of antithrombotic agents for patients undergoing GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:3\u201316","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"9826_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.144550","volume":"57","author":"K Fujita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fujita K, Nozaki Y, Wada K, Yoneda M, Endo H, Takahashi H, et al. Effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs against experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2008;57:1583\u20131591","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9826_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90188-X","volume":"53","author":"R Groszmann","year":"1972","unstructured":"Groszmann R, Kotelanski B, Cohn JN, Khatri IM. Quantitation of portasystemic shunting from the splenic and mesenteric beds in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Med 1972;53:715\u2013722","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"9826_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33356-6","volume":"63","author":"B Kotelanski","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kotelanski B, Groszmann R, Cohn JN. Circulation times in the splanchnic and hepatic beds in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1972;63:102\u2013111","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR107","first-page":"G1043","volume":"276","author":"R Wiest","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wiest R, Shah V, Sessa WC, Groszmann RJ. NO overproduction by eNOS precedes hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in portal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G1043\u2013G1051","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2084","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00675.2001","volume":"282","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y, Tsai MH, McCabe TJ, Gratton JP, Fulton D, Groszmann RJ, et al. Phosphorylation of eNOS initiates excessive NO production in early phases of portal hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;282:H2084\u2013H2090","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"874\u2013884","key":"9826_CR109","first-page":"e875","volume":"145","author":"JA Grace","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grace JA, Klein S, Herath CB, Granzow M, Schierwagen R, Masing N, et al. Activation of the MAS receptor by angiotensin-(1\u20137) in the renin-angiotensin system mediates mesenteric vasodilatation in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2013;145(874\u2013884):e875","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9826_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64331-3","volume":"162","author":"G Fernandez-Varo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fernandez-Varo G, Ros J, Morales-Ruiz M, Cejudo-Martin P, Arroyo V, Sole M, et al. Nitric oxide synthase 3-dependent vascular remodeling and circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis. Am J Pathol 2003;162:1985\u20131993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9826_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280307","volume":"28","author":"A Heinemann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heinemann A, Wachter CH, Fickert P, Trauner M, Stauber RE. Vasopressin reverses mesenteric hyperemia and vasoconstrictor hyporesponsiveness in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. Hepatology 1998;28:646\u2013654","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30417","volume":"35","author":"D Song","year":"2002","unstructured":"Song D, Liu H, Sharkey KA, Lee SS. Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats is dependent on central c-fos gene expression. Hepatology 2002;35:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.226407","volume":"60","author":"L Moleda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moleda L, Trebicka J, Dietrich P, Gabele E, Hellerbrand C, Straub RH, et al. Amelioration of portal hypertension and the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhotic rats by neuropeptide Y via pronounced splanchnic vasoaction. Gut 2011;60:1122\u20131132","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9826_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02762.x","volume":"32","author":"N Ezkurdia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ezkurdia N, Coll M, Raurell I, Rodriguez S, Cuenca S, Gonzalez A, et al. Blockage of the afferent sensitive pathway prevents sympathetic atrophy and hemodynamic alterations in rat portal hypertension. Liver Int 2012;32:1295\u20131305","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9826_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084374","volume":"9","author":"N Ezkurdia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ezkurdia N, Raurell I, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez A, Esteban R, Genesca J, et al. Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and axonal regression ameliorates sympathetic atrophy and hemodynamic alterations in portal hypertensive rats. PLoS ONE 2014;9:e84374","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9826_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.09.027","volume":"58","author":"P Dietrich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dietrich P, Moleda L, Kees F, Muller M, Straub RH, Hellerbrand C, et al. Dysbalance in sympathetic neurotransmitter release and action in cirrhotic rats: impact of exogenous neuropeptide Y. J Hepatol 2013;58:254\u2013261","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12874","volume":"35","author":"J Hartl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartl J, Dietrich P, Moleda L, Muller-Schilling M, Wiest R. Neuropeptide Y restores non-receptor-mediated vasoconstrictive action in superior mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension. Liver Int 2015;35:2556\u20132563","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9826_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147212","volume":"11","author":"TH Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li TH, Huang CC, Yang YY, Lee KC, Hsieh SL, Hsieh YC, et al. Thalidomide improves the intestinal mucosal injury and suppresses mesenteric angiogenesis and vasodilatation by down-regulating inflammasomes-related cascades in cirrhotic rats. PLoS ONE 2016;11:e0147212","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9826_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28250","volume":"63","author":"G Fernandez-Varo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandez-Varo G, Oro D, Cable EE, Reichenbach V, Carvajal S, de la Presa BG, et al. Vasopressin 1a receptor partial agonism increases sodium excretion and reduces portal hypertension and ascites in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2016;63:207\u2013216","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.010","volume":"63","author":"A Yada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yada A, Iimuro Y, Uyama N, Uda Y, Okada T, Fujimoto J. Splenectomy attenuates murine liver fibrosis with hypersplenism stimulating hepatic accumulation of Ly-6C(lo) macrophages. J Hepatol 2015;63:905\u2013916","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1021","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00563.2009","volume":"300","author":"M Kajita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kajita M, Murata T, Horiguchi K, Iizuka M, Hori M, Ozaki H. iNOS expression in vascular resident macrophages contributes to circulatory dysfunction of splanchnic vascular smooth muscle contractions in portal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011;300:H1021\u2013H1031","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.5","volume":"13","author":"PA Knolle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knolle PA, Wohlleber D. Immunological functions of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2016;13:347\u2013353","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"9826_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28931","volume":"65","author":"S Caldwell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caldwell S, Lisman T. The cirrhotic platelet: shedding light on an enigma. Hepatology 2017;65:407\u2013410","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12806","volume":"54","author":"BS Coller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coller BS. The platelet: life on the razor\u2019s edge between hemorrhage and thrombosis. Transfusion 2014;54:2137\u20132146","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"9826_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22203","volume":"47","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y, Grisham M, Shah V. Vascular biology and pathobiology of the liver: report of a single-topic symposium. Hepatology 2008;47:1754\u20131763","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.021","volume":"53","author":"T Kawasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawasaki T, Murata S, Takahashi K, Nozaki R, Ohshiro Y, Ikeda N, et al. Activation of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cell by human platelets induces hepatocyte proliferation. J Hepatol 2010;53:648\u2013654","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.021","volume":"2","author":"PY Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen PY, Qin L, Barnes C, Charisse K, Yi T, Zhang X, et al. FGF regulates TGF-beta signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via control of let-7 miRNA expression. Cell Rep 2012;2:1684\u20131696","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"9826_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14361","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14361","volume":"8","author":"E Dejana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dejana E, Hirschi KK, Simons M. The molecular basis of endothelial cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2017;8:14361","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9826_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2013.19.2.99","volume":"19","author":"C Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung C, Iwakiri Y. The lymphatic vascular system in liver diseases: its role in ascites formation. Clin Mol Hepatol 2013;19:99\u2013104","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28650","volume":"64","author":"Y Iwakiri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iwakiri Y. The lymphatic system: a new frontier in hepatology. Hepatology 2016;64:706\u2013707","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.09.002","volume":"2","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Iwakiri Y. The hepatic lymphatic vascular system: structure, function, markers, and lymphangiogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;2:733\u2013749","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.017","volume":"64","author":"PE Rautou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rautou PE, Tatsumi K, Antoniak S, Owens AP 3rd, Sparkenbaugh E, Holle LA, et al. Hepatocyte tissue factor contributes to the hypercoagulable state in a mouse model of chronic liver injury. J Hepatol 2016;64:53\u201359","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i18.4427","volume":"22","author":"E Gonzalez-Reimers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Martin-Gonzalez C, Perez-Hernandez O, Romero-Acevedo L, Santolaria-Fernandez F. Thrombin activation and liver inflammation in advanced hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22:4427\u20134437","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9826_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20054","volume":"39","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Distrutti E, Severino B, Fiorentina R, Baldoni M, et al. PAR1 antagonism protects against experimental liver fibrosis. Role of proteinase receptors in stellate cell activation. Hepatology 2004;39:365\u2013375","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9826_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.008","volume":"55","author":"F Violi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Violi F, Basili S, Raparelli V, Chowdary P, Gatt A, Burroughs AK. Patients with liver cirrhosis suffer from primary haemostatic defects? Fact or fiction? J Hepatol 2011;55:1415\u20131427","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9826_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00407.2012","volume":"304","author":"PF Lalor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lalor PF, Herbert J, Bicknell R, Adams DH. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium avidly binds platelets in an integrin-dependent manner, leading to platelet and endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013;304:G469\u2013G478","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"9826_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.038","volume":"147","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoshida S, Ikenaga N, Liu SB, Peng ZW, Chung J, Sverdlov DY, et al. Extrahepatic platelet-derived growth factor-beta, delivered by platelets, promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells and biliary fibrosis in mice. Gastroenterology 2014;147:1378\u20131392","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T22:07:10Z","timestamp":1744150030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-017-9826-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Yasuko Iwakiri and Matthew McConnell declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}