{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:13:36Z","timestamp":1788243216346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hepatol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T23:50:26Z","timestamp":1628553026000},"page":"1093-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diabetes is associated with poor short-term prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangwan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shide","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530318666181116111945","volume":"19","author":"AE Hamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamed AE, Elwan N, Naguib M, Elwakil R, Esmat G, El Kassas M, Abd-Elsalam S, et al. Diabetes association with liver diseases: an overview for clinicians. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19:274\u201380.","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13337","volume":"37","author":"E Orsi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orsi E, Grancini V, Menini S, Aghemo A, Pugliese G. Hepatogenous diabetes: Is it time to separate it from type 2 diabetes? Liver Int. 2016;37:950\u201362.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10243_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229919","volume":"15","author":"S Kushimoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kushimoto S, Abe T, Ogura H, Shiraishi A, Saitoh D, Fujishima S, Mayumi T, et al. Impact of blood glucose abnormalities on outcomes and disease severity in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenter, prospective survey of severe sepsis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0229919.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10243_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14099","volume":"22","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Tian S, Chen T, Cui Z, Shi N, Zhong X, Qiu K, et al. Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22:1897\u2013906.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.095","volume":"236","author":"EJ Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim EJ, Jeong MH, Kim JH, Ahn TH, Seung KB, Oh DJ, Kim HS, et al. Clinical impact of admission hyperglycemia on in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients. Int J Cardiol. 2017;236:9\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60553-5","volume":"373","author":"KM Dungan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser J-C. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009;373:1798\u2013807.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0631","volume":"20","author":"R Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar R, Mehta G, Jalan R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20:501\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13062","volume":"48","author":"Y Ren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren Y, Liu L, Li Y, Yang F, He Y, Zhu Y, Hu X, et al. Development and validation of a scoring system to predict progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res. 2018;48:692\u2013700.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01630.x","volume":"28","author":"F Imazeki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imazeki F, Yokosuka O, Fukai K, Kanda T, Kojima H, Saisho H. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C: comparison with hepatitis B virus-infected and hepatitis C virus-cleared patients. Liver Int. 2008;28:355\u201362.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10243_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208937","volume":"369","author":"W Bernal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:2525\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10243_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1986.tb01328.x","volume":"16","author":"H Vilstrup","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vilstrup H, Iversen J, Tygstrup N. Glucoregulation in acute liver failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 1986;16:193\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10243_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216397","volume":"14","author":"YS Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee YS, Min KH, Lee SY, Shim JJ, Kang KH, Cho WH, Jeon D, et al. The value of glycated hemoglobin as predictor of organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0216397.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00649.x","volume":"101","author":"SH Sigal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sigal SH, Stanca CM, Kontorinis N, Bodian C, Ryan E. Diabetes mellitus is associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with HCV cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:1490\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02043.x","volume":"29","author":"I Konishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Konishi I, Hiasa Y, Shigematsu S, Hirooka M, Furukawa S, Abe M, Matsuura B, et al. Diabetes pattern on the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus. Liver Int. 2009;29:1194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10243_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1458","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00389.2011","volume":"302","author":"E Erice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erice E, Llop E, Berzigotti A, Abraldes JG, Conget I, Seijo S, Reverter E, et al. Insulin resistance in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012;302:G1458-1465.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27228","volume":"60","author":"L Elkrief","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elkrief L, Chouinard P, Bendersky N, Hajage D, Larroque B, Babany G, Kutala B, et al. Diabetes mellitus is an independent prognostic factor for major liver-related outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2014;60:823\u201331.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10243_CR17","first-page":"119","volume":"20","author":"G Bianchi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Zoli M, Bugianesi E, Fabbri A, Pisi E. Prognostic significance of diabetes in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1994;20:119\u201325.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245933","volume":"49","author":"S Hagel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hagel S, Bruns T, Herrmann A, Stallmach A, Schmidt C. Abnormal glucose tolerance: a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49:331\u20134.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09946-3","volume":"13","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, Saigal S, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol Int. 2019;13:353\u201390.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60121-5","volume":"383","author":"EA Tsochatzis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, Burroughs AK. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet. 2014;383:1749\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25947","volume":"56","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, O\u2019Leary JG, Reddy KR, Wong F, Olson JC, Subramanian RM, Brown G, et al. Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience. Hepatology. 2012;56:2328\u201335.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15672.GLSUPPL","volume":"21","author":"Y Handelsman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Handelsman Y, Bloomgarden ZT, Grunberger G, Umpierrez G, Zimmerman RS, Bailey TS, Blonde L, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology\u2014clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2015. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(Suppl 1):1\u201387.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191","volume":"21","author":"JC Levy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy JC, Matthews DR, Hermans MP. Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:2191\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.011","volume":"63","author":"V Grancini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grancini V, Trombetta M, Lunati ME, Zimbalatti D, Boselli ML, Gatti S, Donato MF, et al. Contribution of \u03b2-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to cirrhosis-associated diabetes: role of severity of liver disease. J Hepatol. 2015;63:1484\u201390.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10243_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2018.79.11.634","volume":"79","author":"S Mifsud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mifsud S, Schembri EL, Gruppetta M. Stress-induced hyperglycaemia. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2018;79:634\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13897","volume":"36","author":"Y Ruan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruan Y, Tan GD, Lumb A, Rea RD. Importance of inpatient hypoglycaemia: impact, prediction and prevention. Diabet Med. 2019;36:434\u201343.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-009-0366-2","volume":"14","author":"JM Schattenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schattenberg JM, Schuchmann M. Diabetes and apoptosis: liver. Apoptosis. 2009;14:1459\u201371.","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00307.x","volume":"101","author":"T Nishida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nishida T, Tsuji S, Tsujii M, Arimitsu S, Haruna Y, Imano E, Suzuki M, et al. Oral glucose tolerance test predicts prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:70\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i23.3372","volume":"27","author":"RM Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai RM, Chen TB, Hu YH, Wu G, Zheng Q. Effect of type 2 diabetic mellitus in the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients in China. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27:3372\u201385.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14671","volume":"41","author":"A Duseja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duseja A, De A, Taneja S, Choudhury AK, Devarbhavi H, Hu J, Hamid SS, et al. Impact of metabolic risk factors on the severity and outcome of patients with alcohol-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int. 2021;41:150\u20137.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10243_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10462","volume":"35","author":"MR Kappus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kappus MR. Acute hepatic failure and nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"316","key":"10243_CR32","first-page":"e317","volume":"29","author":"CA Pfortmueller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfortmueller CA, Wiemann C, Funk GC, Leichtle AB, Fiedler GM, Exadaktylos AK, Lindner G. Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality in patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis. J Crit Care. 2014;29(316):e317\u2013e312.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Hepatology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:40:37Z","timestamp":1744177237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10243-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-432331\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1936-0533","1936-0541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-0541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Han Hu, Xinxin Hu, Caiyun Tian, Yanping Zhu, Yujuan Liu, Qijiao Cheng, Fangwan Yang, Jun Liu, Ying Li and Shide Lin declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The protocol of this study conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Human Ethical Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with animal subjects.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal research"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final version of the article including the authorship list and consented to publication in Hepatology International.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"It is not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Plant reproducibility"}},{"value":"It is a retrospectively study and not registered.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trials registration"}}]}}